EQ: How does the nervous and endocrine
systems help regulate conditions in the
body?
 The Body’s communication systems help
maintain homeostasis.
 A stimulus causes a response
 Responses can be chemical, cellular, or
behavioral
 The nervous and endocrine systems
respond to stimuli
 The nervous system
controls thought,
movement, and
emotion
 The endocrine system
controls growth ,
development and
digestion.
 Structure
 Brain, spinal cord,
sensory neurons,
interneurons, motor
neurons
 Function
 Regulates body’s response
to changes in internal and
external environment,
processes information
 Neurons are highly specialized cells
 Three parts
1. Cell body – has nucleus and organelles
2. Dendrites – receive impulses
3. Axon – carries impulses
cell body
 Three types of neurons
 Sensory neurons –
receive information
 Interneurons – relay
information from
sensory to motor
neurons
 Motor neurons –
conduct impulses from
the brain or spinal
cord to muscles or
glands
 An action potential is a moving electrical impulse but
also has a chemical component.
 The electrical impulse moves along the axon till it
reaches a synapse
 A neurotransmitter is released in the synapse where it
then stimulates the next cell
 Neurotransmitter is a chemical signal between nerve
cells.
neurotransmitter
 Structure:
 Hypothalamus,
pituitary, thyroid,
parathyroid,
adrenals, pancreas,
ovaries, testes.
 Function:
 Influences growth,
development
metabolism; helps
maintain
homeostasis
 The endocrine system produces hormones:
 Hormones influence a cell’s activities by entering the
cell or binding to its membrane
 Hormones travel though circulatory system
 Two types –
 Steroid hormones enter the cell
 Nonsteroid hormones do not enter the cell
 The hypothalamus interacts with the nervous and
endocrine systems.
 The hypothalamus is a gland found in the brain
 Produces releasing hormones sent to
pituitary gland.
 The pituitary gland is found below
the hypothalamus in the brain.
 Controls growth and water levels in
blood; produces hormones sent
throughout the body.
 Releasing hormones
stimulate other
glands to produce
hormones.
 Allow glands to
communicate with
one another
 Are used in
temperature
regulation
1.
2.
3.
4.
What is homeostasis?
How does the skin help provide protection?
How does the skin help maintain homeostasis?
What are the functions of the:
 Integumentary
 Skeletal
 Muscular
 Respiratory
 Circulatory
 Nervous
 Endocrine
5. What are the three types of muscle tissue and what are the
characteristics of each?
6. What is the difference between ligaments and
tendons?
7. How do the Respiratory and Circulatory system work
together to help maintain homeostasis?
8. What are alveoli?
9. How is breathing regulated?
10. What are the 3 types of blood vessels and what are their
characteristics?
11. What are the 3 types of neurons?
12. How do neurons transfer information?
13. What are hormones and what do they influence?
14. How do the hypothalamus and pituitary gland
regulate body temperature?