Unit 5 Practice Test
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. How did the definition of psychology change
5. At 3 o'clock in the morning, John has already
when behaviorism began to dominate the field?
a. The focus on mental concepts began to
reemerge.
b. The idea that unconscious forces shape our
behavior became central.
c. Psychologists began to concentrate on the
development of the self.
d. Psychology centered on direct observation
of our actions.
e. Advances in neuroscience directed
psychologists to the study of brain activity.
2. The impact of circadian rhythms is best
illustrated by
a. the differing musical preferences of
younger and older persons.
b. fluctuations in energy level and alertness
across the span of a day.
c. the different study habits of men and
women.
d. the different personalities of people born
during different months of the year.
e. varying levels of neurotransmitters during
REM sleep.
3. The circadian rhythm is influenced by light-
sensitive retinal proteins that trigger signals to
the
a. suprachiasmatic nucleus.
b. dopamine reward system.
c. thyroid gland.
d. sleep spindles.
e. MDMA.
4. Sensory experiences that occur without a
sensory stimulus are called
a. night terrors.
b. neuroadaptations.
c. dissociations.
d. hallucinations.
e. stressors.
slept for 4 hours. As long as his sleep
continues, we can expect an increasing
occurrence of
a. sleeptalking.
b. hypnagogic sensations.
c. muscle tension.
d. REM sleep.
e. Stage 4 sleep.
6. After Carlos had been asleep for about an hour
and a half, his heart began to beat faster, his
breathing became fast and irregular, and his
closed eyes began to dart back and forth.
Carlos was most likely experiencing
a. Stage 4 sleep.
b. sleep apnea.
c. narcolepsy.
d. REM sleep.
e. a hallucination.
7. When people are experiencing vivid dreams
a. their bodies often move in accordance with
b.
c.
d.
e.
what they dream.
their eyes are likely to move under their
closed eyelids.
they are more likely to sleepwalk than
during any other stage of sleep.
their slow brain-wave patterns indicate that
they are deeply asleep.
they intermittently stop breathing.
8. The human sleep cycle repeats itself about
every
a. 30 minutes.
b. 90 minutes.
c. 2 1/2 hours.
d. 4 hours.
e. 1.5 days.
9. Which of the following is evidence for cultural
influences on sleep patterns?
a. The sleep patterns of identical twins are
usually similar.
b. Brain waves are generally elevated and
variable during REM sleep.
c. Sleep patterns reflect differences in latent
and manifest dream content.
d. People in countries without electric lights
generally sleep longer.
e. Newborn babies spend more time in REM
sleep than in NREM sleep.
10. Sleep deprivation has been shown to
a. increase attentiveness to highly motivating
b.
c.
d.
e.
tasks.
reduce hypertension.
diminish immunity to disease.
decrease narcolepsy.
decrease tolerance and increase withdrawal.
11. Deep sleep appears to play an important role in
a. narcolepsy.
b. sleep apnea.
c. paradoxical sleep.
d. posthypnotic amnesia.
e. physical growth.
12. Slow-wave sleep promotes
a. effective memory.
b. REM rebound.
c. narcolepsy.
d. insomnia.
e. dissociation.
13. Which of the following is bad advice for a
person trying to overcome insomnia?
a. Awaken at the same time every day even if
you have had a restless night.
b. Drink a glass of milk 15 minutes before
bedtime.
c. Avoid taking short naps during the day.
d. Drink a glass of wine 15 minutes before
bedtime.
e. Don't engage in strenuous physical exercise
just before bedtime.
14. Obesity is a risk factor for developing which of
the following sleep disorders?
a. night terrors
b. sleepwalking
c. sleep apnea
d. insomnia
e. sleeptalking
15. Shane, a straight-A student, remembers
dreaming that he failed an important chemistry
test. According to Freud, Shane's account
represents the ________ content of his dream.
a. paradoxical
b. manifest
c. delusional
d. latent
e. dissociated
16. As Inge recalled her dream, she was dancing
with a tall, dark gentleman when suddenly the
music shifted to loud rock and the man
disappeared. According to Freud, Inge's
account represents the ________ content of her
dream.
a. paradoxical
b. manifest
c. latent
d. hypnagogic
e. hallucinatory
17. After suffering a trauma, people commonly
report an increase in
a. sleep apnea.
b. narcolepsy.
c. threatening dreams.
d. the hollow face illusion.
e. latent content.
18. Josef, a high school student, tells his therapist
that he has had a recurring dream in which he
hunts and kills a ferocious tiger. The therapist
explains that the dream reflects Josef's
unresolved feelings of hostility toward his
father. According to Freud, the therapist is
revealing the possible ________ content of
Josef's dream.
a. manifest
b. latent
c. circadian
d. dissociated
e. delta
19. Some researchers suggest that the brain activity
associated with REM sleep provides the
sleeping brain with periodic stimulation. This
finding supports which of the following dream
theories?
a. wish-fulfillment
b. information-processing
c. physiological
d. activation-synthesis
e. developmental
20. Brain regions that are active as rats learn to
navigate a maze show similar activity patterns
again as the rats later experience
a. REM sleep.
b. hypnagogic sensations.
c. neuroadaptation.
d. dissociation.
e. NREM sleep.
21. Which theory suggests that dreams are mental
responses to random bursts of neural
stimulation?
a. dissociation theory
b. social influence theory
c. activation-synthesis theory
d. Freud's dream theory
e. paradoxical sleep theory
22. REM rebound involves the
a. tendency for REM sleep periods to become
b.
c.
d.
e.
increasingly longer and more frequent as a
normal night of sleep progresses.
increase in REM sleep that
characteristically follows intense learning
episodes or stressful daytime experiences.
unusual symptoms of tiredness and
irritability that follow periods of REM
sleep deprivation.
tendency for REM sleep to increase
following REM sleep deprivation.
replacement of REM sleep with NREM
sleep.
23. The occurrence of REM rebound supports the
notion that
a. as people grow older they need to spend
progressively more time dreaming.
b. dreams are triggered by random bursts of
neural activity.
c. dreams help to solidify our memories of
daytime experiences.
d. humans, like most other mammals, need
REM sleep.
e. dreams represent unconscious wishes and
anxieties.
24. Twenty-two-year-old Felicia scores high in
hypnotic responsiveness as measured by the
Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale.
Research suggests that Felicia may also have
a. below-average intelligence.
b. an above-average ability to hypnotize
others.
c. difficulty keeping her attention focused on
any specific task.
d. a rich fantasy life.
e. a dependent personality type.
25. Twenty-eight-year-old Theodore has an
irrational fear of dogs. His therapist hypnotizes
him and asks him to mentally relive his earliest
childhood experience with a dog. The therapist
is making use of
a. hypnagogic sensations.
b. age regression.
c. REM rebound.
d. temporal dissociation.
e. paradoxical sleep.
26. While Bev was hypnotized, her therapist
suggested that during the next several days she
would have a strong desire to eat well-balanced
meals. The therapist was apparently making
use of
a. age regression.
b. posthypnotic suggestion.
c. activation-synthesis theory.
d. posthypnotic amnesia.
e. paradoxical sleep.
27. Research has indicated that hypnosis
a. can force people to act against their will.
b. can block sensory input.
c. is helpful in overcoming alcohol addictions.
d. enables some people to undergo surgery
with only a local anesthesia.
e. is a state of unconsciousness, not an altered
state of consciousness.
28. Advocates of the social influence theory of
hypnosis are likely to argue that
a. hypnosis is a unique state of consciousness.
b. hypnotized people are simply enacting the
role of good hypnotic subjects.
c. the process of dissociation best explains
hypnotic phenomena.
d. most hypnotized people are consciously
faking hypnosis.
e. hypnotic susceptibility is positively
correlated with introversion.
29. Ernest Hilgard suggested that participants felt
little pain when their arms were lowered into
ice baths because
a. being caught up in playing the role of a
“good subject” they could ignore the pain.
b. the presence of a hypnotist they liked and
trusted led them to adopt the “pain control”
suggestions.
c. they expected that the ice baths would not
cause pain.
d. hypnosis dissociates the pain sensation
from the emotional suffering that people
expect from pain.
e. most hypnotized people are consciously
faking hypnosis.
30. When subjected to a painful medical procedure
without the benefit of an anesthetic, a
hypnotized person is most likely to
a. show physiological activation of the
sensory cortex.
b. exhibit a brain-wave pattern similar to that
of Stage 4 sleep.
c. have no sensory experience of the painproducing procedure.
d. be unable to remember anything that
occurred during the procedure.
e. demonstrate behaviors that indicate an
NREM state.
31. To move beyond the “hypnosis is social
influence” versus “hypnosis is divided
consciousness” debate, today's hypnosis
researchers are using a unified ________
approach.
a. neuroadaptation
b. biopsychosocial
c. parallel processing
d. activation-synthesis
e. humanistic
32. Compulsive craving for and use of a drug is an
indication of
a. dissociation.
b. narcolepsy.
c. addiction.
d. hypnagogic sensations.
e. hallucination.
33. What is the danger of labeling behaviors such
as too much eating, shopping, exercise, sex, or
gambling as addictions?
a. It can lead to increased feelings of shame
and guilt.
b. No physical or emotional pain is associated
with these behaviors.
c. Abusers may be more likely to hide their
abuse and avoid seeking help.
d. Abusers are more likely to experience
prejudice and discrimination.
e. It can be used as an “all-purpose” excuse to
explain away the behaviors.
34. The greatest danger of viewing drug addiction
as a disease is that this may lead drug addicts to
a. feel increased feelings of shame.
b. hide the drug abuse from public view.
c. feel powerless to overcome the addiction.
d. become victims of social hostility and
prejudice.
e. seek help from medical professionals.
35. What is most likely to occur when the brain is
repeatedly flooded with artificial opiates?
a. The immune system is suppressed.
b. The brain shrinks.
c. The brain stops making dopamine.
d. The level of serotonin is permanently
decreased.
e. The brain stops producing endorphins.
36. What do methamphetamine, caffeine, and
cocaine have in common?
a. They slow body functions and calm neural
activity.
b. They depress neural functioning and reduce
pain.
c. They distort perceptions and evoke
sensations without sensory input.
d. They excite neural activity and arouse body
functions.
e. They relax the body, lead to disinhibition,
and produce euphoria.
37. Which of the following is a common symptom
of nicotine withdrawal?
a. anxiety
b. drowsiness
c. diminished appetite
d. insensitivity to pain
e. euphoria
38. When cocaine is snorted, free-based, or
injected, it produces a rush of euphoria by
a. producing hallucinations.
b. blocking the reuptake of dopamine.
c. increasing the occurrence of alpha waves.
d. triggering a state of dissociation.
e. decreasing manifest content.
39. One of the immediate effects of Ecstasy is
a. increased appetite.
b. dehydration.
c. lethargy.
d. pupil constriction.
e. decreased blood pressure.
40. Which of the following is a psychedelic drug?
a. LSD
b. cocaine
c. heroin
d. caffeine
e. nicotine
41. LSD and other powerful hallucinogens are
chemically similar to, and therefore block the
actions of, a subtype of the neurotransmitter
serotonin. At the synapse, these drugs act as
a(n)
a. agonist.
b. stimulant.
c. endorphin.
d. depressant.
e. antagonist.
42. Jason has been smoking marijuana. Which of
the following best describes the effects of this
psychoactive drug on Jason's behavior?
a. Jason will become dehydrated quickly,
which could lead to overheating and death.
b. Jason will quickly experience a euphoric
rush, then a significant “crash” as the drug
wears off.
c. Jason will experience blissful pleasure
during use but extreme discomfort during
withdrawal.
d. Jason will become relaxed and experience
mild hallucinations, followed by memory
loss.
e. Jason will feel increased alertness and
wakefulness.
43. Regular users of ________ may achieve a high
with smaller amounts of the drug than
occasional users.
a. alcohol
b. morphine
c. marijuana
d. heroin
e. nicotine
44. Mrs. Roberts, who suffers from AIDS, has
been given an ordinarily illegal drug at the
university hospital. Considering her specific
medical condition, it is likely that she has
received
a. LSD.
b. cocaine.
c. marijuana.
d. heroin.
e. Ecstasy.
45. Adopted individuals are more susceptible to
alcohol dependence if one or both biological
parents have a history of it. This indicates that
alcohol dependence is
a. psychoactive.
b. an age regression.
c. genetically influenced.
d. a form of narcolepsy.
e. dissociative in nature.
Unit 5 Practice Test
Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
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15. ANS:
D
PTS: 1
DIF: Medium
Page 175 | Section- States of Consciousness
OBJ: 1
States of consciousness
MSC: Factual | Definitional
B
PTS: 1
DIF: Medium
Page 177 | Section- States of Consciousness
OBJ: 2
Circadian rhythm
MSC: Conceptual
A
PTS: 1
DIF: Difficult
Page 177 | Section- States of Consciousness
OBJ: 2
Circadian rhythm
MSC: Factual | Definitional
D
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
Page 179 | Section- States of Consciousness
OBJ: 3
Sleep stages MSC: Factual | Definitional
D
PTS: 1
DIF: Medium
Page 180 | Section- States of Consciousness
OBJ: 3
REM sleep (Figure 5.6)
MSC: Conceptual | Application
D
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
Page 180 | Section- States of Consciousness
OBJ: 3
REM sleep
MSC: Conceptual | Application
B
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
Page 181 | Section- States of Consciousness
OBJ: 3
REM sleep
MSC: Factual | Definitional
B
PTS: 1
DIF: Medium
Page 181 | Section- States of Consciousness
OBJ: 3
REM sleep
MSC: Factual | Definitional
D
PTS: 1
DIF: Medium
Page 181 | Section- States of Consciousness
OBJ: 4
Why do we sleep?
MSC: Conceptual | Application
C
PTS: 1
DIF: Medium
Page 184 | Section- States of Consciousness
OBJ: 4
The effects of sleep loss
MSC: Factual | Definitional
E
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
Page 185 | Section- States of Consciousness
OBJ: 4
Sleep theories
MSC: Factual | Definitional
A
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
Page 185 | Section- States of Consciousness
OBJ: 4
Sleep theories
MSC: Factual | Definitional
D
PTS: 1
DIF: Difficult
Page 186 | Section- States of Consciousness
OBJ: 5
Sleep disorders
MSC: Conceptual
C
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
Page 187 | Section- States of Consciousness
OBJ: 5
Sleep disorders
MSC: Factual | Definitional
B
PTS: 1
DIF: Medium
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31.
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Page 188 | Section- States of Consciousness
OBJ: 6
What we dream
MSC: Conceptual | Application
B
PTS: 1
DIF: Medium
Page 188 | Section- States of Consciousness
OBJ: 6
What we dream
MSC: Conceptual | Application
C
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
Page 188 | Section- States of Consciousness
OBJ: 6
What we dream
MSC: Factual | Definitional
B
PTS: 1
DIF: Medium
Page 189 | Section- States of Consciousness
OBJ: 6
Why we dream
MSC: Conceptual | Application
C
PTS: 1
DIF: Medium
Page 190 | Section- States of Consciousness
OBJ: 6
Why we dream
MSC: Factual | Definitional
A
PTS: 1
DIF: Medium
Page 190 | Section- States of Consciousness
OBJ: 6
Why we dream
MSC: Factual | Definitional
C
PTS: 1
DIF: Medium
Page 190 | Section- States of Consciousness
OBJ: 6
Why we dream
MSC: Factual | Definitional
D
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
Page 191 | Section- States of Consciousness
OBJ: 6
Why we dream
MSC: Factual | Definitional
D
PTS: 1
DIF: Medium
Page 191 | Section- States of Consciousness
OBJ: 6
Why we dream
MSC: Factual | Definitional
D
PTS: 1
DIF: Difficult
Page 192 | Section- States of Consciousness
OBJ: 7
Can anyone experience hypnosis? MSC: Conceptual | Application
B
PTS: 1
DIF: Medium
Page 193 | Section- States of Consciousness
OBJ: 7
Can hypnosis enhance recall of forgotten events?
MSC: Conceptual | Application
B
PTS: 1
DIF: Medium
Page 194 | Section- States of Consciousness
OBJ: 7
Can hypnosis be therapeutic?
MSC: Conceptual | Application
D
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
Page 194 | Section- States of Consciousness
OBJ: 7
Can hypnosis alleviate pain?
MSC: Factual | Definitional
B
PTS: 1
DIF: Medium
Page 195 | Section- States of Consciousness
OBJ: 8
Hypnosis as a social phenomenon MSC: Factual | Definitional
D
PTS: 1
DIF: Medium
Page 195 | Section- States of Consciousness
OBJ: 8
Hypnosis as divided consciousness MSC: Factual | Definitional
A
PTS: 1
DIF: Difficult
Page 195 | Section- States of Consciousness
OBJ: 8
Hypnosis as divided consciousness MSC: Conceptual
B
PTS: 1
DIF: Difficult
Page 196 | Section- States of Consciousness
OBJ: 8
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Hypnosis as divided consciousness MSC: Conceptual
C
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
Page 197 | Section- States of Consciousness
OBJ: 9
Dependence and addiction
MSC: Factual | Definitional
E
PTS: 1
DIF: Medium
Page 198 | Section- States of Consciousness
OBJ: 9
Misconceptions about addiction
MSC: Factual | Definitional
C
PTS: 1
DIF: Medium
Page 198 | Section- States of Consciousness
OBJ: 9
Misconceptions about addiction
MSC: Factual | Definitional
E
PTS: 1
DIF: Medium
Page 201 | Section- States of Consciousness
OBJ: 10
Depressants MSC: Factual | Definitional
D
PTS: 1
DIF: Medium
Page 201 | Section- States of Consciousness
OBJ: 11
Stimulants
MSC: Factual | Definitional
A
PTS: 1
DIF: Medium
Page 203 | Section- States of Consciousness
OBJ: 11
Stimulants
MSC: Factual | Definitional
B
PTS: 1
DIF: Difficult
Page 204 | Section- States of Consciousness
OBJ: 11
Stimulants (text and Figure 5.15)
MSC: Factual | Definitional
B
PTS: 1
DIF: Difficult
Page 205 | Section- States of Consciousness
OBJ: 11
Stimulants
MSC: Factual | Definitional
A
PTS: 1
DIF: Medium
Page 205 | Section- States of Consciousness
OBJ: 12
Hallucinogens
MSC: Factual | Definitional
E
PTS: 1
DIF: Difficult
Page 205 | Section- States of Consciousness
OBJ: 12
Hallucinogens
MSC: Conceptual
D
PTS: 1
DIF: Medium
Page 206 | Section- States of Consciousness
OBJ: 12
Hallucinogens
MSC: Conceptual | Application
C
PTS: 1
DIF: Medium
Page 206 | Section- States of Consciousness
OBJ: 12
Hallucinogens
MSC: Factual | Definitional
C
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
Page 207 | Section- States of Consciousness
OBJ: 12
Hallucinogens
MSC: Conceptual | Application
C
PTS: 1
DIF: Easy
Page 208 | Section- States of Consciousness
OBJ: 13
Influences on drug use
MSC: Factual | Definitional