ANIMAL ORGAN SYSTEMS
ANATOMY

Study of the form, shape , and appearance of
the animal.
PHYSIOLOGY

Focuses on the function of the cells, tissues,
organs and systems of the body
Systems of the body – skeletal, muscular,
nervous, circulatory, respiratory, excretory, and
digestive
SKELETAL SYTEM
SKELETAL SYSTEM
Protects the delicate internal organs and helps
keep them properly arranged the body
 Bones – hard part of skeleton, made of
calcium, phosphorus, and other substances
 Cartilage – found at the ends of bones, flexable
material that lubricates the joints and cushion
shocks.
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MUSCULAR SYSTEM
MUSCULAR SYSTEM.
Largest
system in the body,
making up 45% of the body
weight of hogs, cattle and
chickens.
MUSCULAR SYSTEM
Locomotion
 Circulation
 Digestion
 Breathing

MUSCULAR TYPES
Voluntary - Controlled by thinking part of the
brain
 Involuntary – Automatically controlled by a
lower part of the brain

NERVOUS SYSTEM
NERVOUS SYSTEMS
 Made
up of nerve tissue that
conducts electrical impulses from the
brain to the muscles by way of the
spinal cord.
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Brain, spinal cord, and nerves
 Memory, actions, and reasoning are in the
brain
 Spinal cord is the main tissue through which
the brain sends and receives messages

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
Contain nerves that are connected to the
involuntary muscles and organs
 Provides for near automatic operation of the
organs

PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Includes all of the nerves outside the brain and
spinal cord
 Muscles action is sent through these nerves by
the brain

RECEPTORS

Collect information from the environment
The five sensory receptor types are
1. Sight
2. Hearing
3. Touch
4. Taste
5. Smell
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
 Moves
blood throughout the body.
 Blood is made of plasma, red blood
cells, white blood cells and platelets.
BLOOD
Plasma – 90% water
 Glucose, vitamins, minerals, and amino acids
(proteins)
 Red blood cells - contain hemoglobin and are
made in the bone marrow
 White blood cells – help fight off disease
 Platelets – essential for blood to clot

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM PARTS
Heart – pump that sends blood throughout the
system
 Arteries – vessels that carry blood from the
heart
 Capillaries – small branches from the arteries
that carry blood to the cells
 Veins – carry blood back to the heart

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
 Respiratory
system moves gases to
and from the circulatory system.
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM CONT.
Internal respiration – exchange of gases
between the cells and the blood within the
body
 External respiration – exchanges of gases in
the lungs between the blood and the
atmosphere

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM CONT.
Nostrils – openings near mouth through which
gases enter and leave the body
 Pharynx – connects the nose area with the
mouth area
 Larynx – often called a voice box
 Trachea – wind pipe – connects pharynx with
lungs
 Lungs – gas is exchanged between atmosphere
and blood

BREATHING
Inspiration – Process of taking air into the
lungs
 Expiration – Process of moving air out of lungs

EXCRETORY SYSTEM
EXCRETORY SYSTEM
 Rids
the body of wastes from cell
activity
 Skin
 Kidneys
 Ureter
 Bladder
 Urethra
EXCRETORY SYSTEM
Skin - Rids the body of waste through
perspiration
 Kidneys – Filter the blood for wastes from cells
and excess water and minerals
 Ureter – Tube that connects the kidney to the
bladder
 Bladder – stores the urine made by the kidneys
 Urethra – tube that carries urine out of the
body

Chicken urinary tract
No bladder
 2 kidneys with ureters to carry the urinary
waste to the cloaca.
 The uric acid is discharged into the cloaca and
excreted with the feces.
 The white pasty material in chicken droppings
is considered to be urinary system excretion.

Ruminant and non-ruminant
DIGESTIVE SYSTEMS
DIGESTIVE SYSTEMS
Process of breaking down food into molecules
that the body can absorb
 2 types – Ruminant and Non- Ruminant

RUMINANT ANIMALS
Cattle, sheep, and goats
 Chew their cud
 Cud - a portion of food
that returns from a
ruminant's stomach in
the mouth to be chewed
for the second time

NON – RUMINANT ANIMALS
Horses, hogs, and chickens
 Do not chew cud

DIGESTIVE SYSTEMS
Mouth – Food enters the body by ingestion
 Esophagus – connects mouth to stomach
 Food and water moves by swallowing
 Stomach – one compartment in non-ruminants
and 4 compartments in ruminants
 Small Intestine – absorbs nutrients and water

DIGESTIVE SYSTEMS
Large Intestine – absorbs water and makes
waste more solid
 Anus – opening in the body through which the
large intestine expels solid waste

RUMINANTS

Rumen – first and largest compartment –
stores a large amount of feed
 Aids
the to help bring feed back to mouth for
rechewing

Reticulum – stores food and sorts out foreign
materials
 Helps
prevent hardware disease
 Contains bacteria to help break down feed
RUMINANTS
Omasum – has strong alls that help break food
apart
 Abomasum – like a non ruminant stomach

 Contains
gastric juices that mix with feed and
further break it down.
RUMINANTS
Can use large amounts of roughages such at
grass, clover and other vegetation
 Usually do not need large amounts of
expensive grain and other concentrated feeds.

Chicken Digestive System
Mechanically
 Chemically

Chicken digestive tract
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Beak
Esophagus
Crop
Proventriculus
Gizzard
Small Intestine
Pancreas
Liver
Caeca
Chicken Digestions
Beak – food swallowed with out chewing
 Salvia contains a starch reducing enzyme that
begins to break down food.
 The oesophagus is a flexible tube that food
passes down into the crop.

Chicken Digestion
Crop – a pouch at the base of the neck that
stores food.
 The esophagus continues past the crop to the
proventriculus.
 In the proventriculus the food is mixed with
acids and more digestive enzymes.

Chicken Digestion
Gizzard – strong muscular tube that has grit to
help it grind the food down.
 Then the food moves into the small intestine.
 Here enzymes from the pancreas break down
the protein.
 Also, bile from the liver breaks down the fat.
 Caeca – a pair of tubes that allow fermentation
of the undigested food.

Caeca – a pair of tubes that allow fermentation
of the undigested food.
 The Large Intestine absorbs water and the last
remaining nutrients.
 Cloaca or vent is where feces, urine and eggs
pass.
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