MR. VALENTINE’S HELPFUL HINTS FOR PROJECTS:
Fort Sumter
 Began: April 12th 1861
 Union Commander: Major Robert Anderson
 Confederate Commander: General P.G.T. Beauregard
 Definition of what happened: After SC seceded, Union forces resided at
Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina. After numerous
demands by Confederate militia for the Union to surrender Fort Sumter,
Beauregard fired upon Fort Sumter at 4:30 am.
 Result of event: Union forces surrender
 Impact of event on the war: Started the Civil War
o North/Lincoln: saw Confederate actions as an act of open
rebellion. So he called upon volunteers to help fight the seceded
states
o South: saw Lincoln’s actions as a declaration of war. As a result,
the Upper South seceded (Virginia, NC, TN, Arkansas)
First Battle of Bull Run (Manassas)
 Started: July 21, 1861.
 Location:
o Manassas, Virginia (important railroad junction southwest of
Washington) (north)
o Bull Run, a stream that passed about 4 miles North of Manassas
(South)
 Union Commander: Brigadier General Irvin McDowell
o Poorly prepared army. McDowell told Lincoln he needed more
time to prepare. /Kept delaying
o Accompanying his troops was a huge crowd of reporters,
politicians, and civilians from Washington, planning to picnic and
watch the battle.
 Confederate Commander: General P.G.T. Beauregard
o Smaller #’s in men
o McDowell’s delaying allowed Confederate army to strengthen
 11,000 troops were send in freight cars to the scene
 *1st time in history troops were moved by train
 Definition of what happened:
o Wanted Richmond, Va
o First major land-based confrontation of the American Civil War
o Union General Irvin McDowell marched from Washington against
the Confederate army
o Hours of fighting pushed Confeds back
o Virginia Commander: General Thomas Jackson (Stonewall
Jackson)
 Refused to give up
As a result: Confederate forces joined Jackson and won the
battle
o Union forces fled the scene, trampling over all of the people
watching the battle fleeing to Washington in fear of the
Confederate Army.
 Result: Confederate Victory
 Impact on war:
o North: Convinced the Lincoln administration that the war would
be a long and costly affair = began calling for more volunteers
and preparation increased for war
o South: Started to worry also about the long and costly war.
Especially about their troop #’s compared to the North
Second Battle of Bull Run: (much larger scale and in the #’s)
http://www.historynet.com/second-battle-of-bull-run
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Location: Manassas, Virginia
When did this occur? August 28-30, 1862
Definition/what happened
All memorable/notable people involved
o Union General John Pope (army of Virginia) (self-righteous and
obnoxious)
o Confederate General Robert E. Lee
 Lieutenant General Stonewall Jackson
 Lt. Gen. James Longstreet
o Deep Cut: unfinished railroad track that provided “readymade
trenches” for the Confederates
o August 28th : Pope surprised by Stonewall’s artillery fire from the
woods
Result of this event:
o Confederate Victory
Impact of this event (whole country and north vs. south)
o North: devasting loss
o South: triumphant victory, started to give Lee a lot of confidence
Commemorated?
Peninsular Campaign
http://www.historyanimated.com/PeninsulaAnimation.html
http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/wars_peninsular1862.html
https://education.yahoo.com/reference/encyclopedia/entry/Penincamp
http://www.stmarys-ca.edu/the-civil-war-letters-of-forrest-little/father-idone-my-duty/mcclellans-peninsula-campaign
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Location: Peninsula between James and York Rivers
When did this occur?
What happened?
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o One of the most controversial episodes of the civil war
People
o Jackson
o Lee
o McClellan
Result
o Confederate victory
Impact
o North: McClellan blamed Washington for not sending enough
forces, dispite actually outnumbering the Confeds.
o South: Emergence of Jackson and Lee as commanders with great
stature and ability
 Richmond was about to fall, before Jackson and Lee
combined to stop it.
Commemorated?
The Battle of Antietam
http://www.historynet.com/battle-of-antietam
http://www.americaslibrary.gov/jb/civil/jb_civil_battle_1.html
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Location: Sharpsburg, Maryland
When Sep. 17, 1862
What happened?
People
o Union General George B. McClellan
o Confederate General Robert E. Lee
Result: Union Win b/c Lee withdrew to Virginia
Impact
Commemoration
African American Involvement in the Civil War
http://www.historynet.com/betrayal-at-ebenezer-creek.htm
 Emancipation Proclamation
o Slaves were freed in areas rebelling against the government
 Those who fought for the South:
o
 Those who fought for the North:
o Almost 10% of army throughout the war was African American
o After Emancipation Proclamation, 180,000 African Americans
enlisted in Union
th
 54 Massachusetts Regiment
o “Those who would be free, themselves must strike the blow.”
 Fort Wagner
o General Chamberlain
 Slaves in the South
o Contraband
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Ebenezer Creek
o Discuss how this was different from Fort Wagner
o Give a basic overview and talk about how it went down
o Talk about how brave and courageous these men were
 We don’t usually hear about African American’s in the war
during things such as this
The Battle of Fredericksburg
http://civilwaranimated.com/index.php/the-battle-of-fredericksburg
 Location: Shenandoah Valley
 When
 What happened:
o Burnside crossed right in front of Lee’s army; kept charging into
gun fire.
 People: Lee; Burnside
 Result: Confederate Victory
 Impact
The Battle of Chancellorsville
 Location:
 When
 What happened
 People
 Result:
 Impact
Medical Care and Prison Camps
http://mentalfloss.com/article/31326/5-medical-innovations-civil-war
 Clara Barton
 Dorothea Dix
 Medical Condition during the Civil War
 **plastic surgery was invented during the Civil War
 Impact of disease of Civil War
o http://teachers.yale.edu/curriculum/viewer/initiative_10.06.02
_u#g
 Prison Camps
 http://civilwar.bluegrass.net/PrisonsParolesAndPOWs/prisonerexcha
ngesystem.html
 Why did it change?
o South refused to recognize black soldiers as prisoners of war, so
they reduced them to slave status and threatened to kill the
Union Officers who had commanded them
o http://everything2.com/title/Prisoner+Exchange+System
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Point Lookout
o Largest and worst Northern POW camp
o Blacks guarded the prison
o http://www.censusdiggins.com/prison_ptlookout.html
Battle of Gettysburg
 Why does Lee’s army head North June, 1863?
 Who was General Meade?
o New head of the Union Army
 What mistake did Lee make once he drove the Union out of Gettysburg?
 Who was JEB Stuart?
o Scapegoat and South blamed him for not providing Lee with
critical information about the enemy’s troop movements
 Devil’s Den
o http://www.brotherswar.com/Gettysburg-2p.htm
 Fishhook formation:
 http://www.army.mil/gettysburg/battlescape.html
Sherman’s March
Richmond, Va and Appomattox Courthouse
 Transition from Sherman’s march to heading North (pg. 415)
Election of 1864- Lincoln’s Assassination
http://millercenter.org/president/lincoln/essays/biography/3
 McClellan
o Political Party: Democrat
o Platform
 Lincoln:
o Political Party: Republican
o Platform:
o What did the Democrats use against him?
 His abuse of presidential power in regards to his ban on
Habeus Corpus
 Impact/Importance
o Had McClellan and the democrats prevailed in the election there
would have likely been two separate nations with no guarantee
of reconciliation between the two nations.
As it was, Sherman's victory at Atlanta gave the Union renewed
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hope that the war could, and would, be won and Lincoln gained
the victory and the Union was saved.
http://millercenter.org/president/lincoln/key-events