CHAPTER 13
Broken Bonds
1855 – 1861
“I will say, then, that I am not, nor ever have been, in favor of
bringing about in any way the social and political equality of the
white and black races (applause); that I am not, nor ever have been,
in favor of making voters or jurors of negroes, nor of qualifying
them to hold office, nor to intermarry with white people. . . . And
inasmuch as they cannot so live, while they do remain together there
must be the position of superior and inferior, and I as much as any other
man am in favor of having the superior position assigned to the white
race.”
Abraham Lincoln
September 1858, Charleston, Illinois
Overview
Overview
Overview (continued)
Chronology
1832
1848
1850
1851
1852
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861
Nullification Crisis
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo; Zachary Taylor; "free-soilers"
Compromise of 1850; American "know nothing" movement;
Millard Fillmore president
Northern reaction to the Fugitive Slave Law; Harriet Beecher
Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Franklin Pierce elected president
Ostend Manifesto; Kansas-Nebraska Act; treaty renegotiations;
Republican Party begins
William Walker’s "filibuster" in Nicaragua
Looting of Lawrence, Kansas; John Brown’s Pottawatomie
massacre; Buchanan president
Dred Scott decision; Buchanan accepts proslavery Lecompton
constitution; Panic
Congress rejects Lecompton constitution; Lincoln-Douglas
John Brown’s raid at Harper’s Ferry
4 candidates for president; Lincoln’s election; S. secession
6 additional "deep South" states secede; Confederate States
formed, Lincoln takes
Chapter Review
 Define popular sovereignty and explain how the political parties of
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the mid-nineteenth century used it to shape their particular political
agendas.
Explain how events in Kansas contributed to problems for the
Democratic Party.
Describe the political issues surrounding the Dred Scott case and the
significance of the subsequent Supreme Court decision.
Briefly explain the various Southern viewpoints on the issue of slavery
in the 1850s.
Explain the political positions of Stephen A. Douglas and Abraham
Lincoln on the eve of their 1858 debate series.
Explain the significance of the 1860 presidential election.
Why did the deep South secede from the U.S.?
Concepts
 Harper’s Ferry, John Brown, Robert E. Lee
 William Walker, filibuster
 Yeoman
 Border ruffians
 Charles Sumner
 Bleeding Kansas
 James Buchanan
 Roger B. Taney, Dred Scott case
 Abraham Lincoln
 Lincoln-Douglas debates
 Fort Sumter
I.
North and South Collide
 White South uses variety of arguments to justify
slavery, while critics of slavery point to economic
“backwardness”
 Popular sovereignty and Kansas-Nebraska Act bring
violence to nation
 Republican party vows to halt spread of slavery
 Dred Scott case clarifies differences within country
The New York City torchlight meeting of the “Know-Nothings” or the American
Party in Nov. 1855
Ripon, Wisconsin schoolhouse where Republicans first met
John C. Fremont, first
Republican candidate for
president, US Senator from
California
Dred Scott
Dred Scott and his wife Harriet
are portrayed here with their
children as an average middleclass family, an image that
fueled Northern opposition to
the Supreme Court’s 1857
decision that denied both
Scott’s freedom and his
citizenship. Courtesy of
Library of Congress
Dred and Harriet Scott. He argued his residency in Wisconsin made
both of them free.
Chief Justice Roger
Taney, primary
author of the Dred
Scott Decision of
1857.
Kansas-Nebraska and the Slavery Issue
Election of 1856
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Democrat James
Buchanan, elected
president in 1856.
II.
American Society in Crisis
 Panic of 1857 spurs religious revival
 Kansas remains cauldron of unrest
 1858 senatorial elections bring Abraham Lincoln to
attention of Republican leaders
 John Brown’s raid on Harper’s Ferry polarizes nation
John Brown’s “fort” at Harper’s Ferry
The arraignment of John Brown at Charles Town, West Virginia
John Brown
John Brown, wounded during his raid on the federal arsenal at
Harpers Ferry, lies on a cot during his trial for murder and treason in
Charlestown, Virginia, in 1859.The Granger Collection, New York
Path of Lincoln-Douglas debates
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Scene of 5th Lincoln – Douglas debate
Springfield, Illinois street where Lincoln had his law office.
Lincoln’s
home in
Springfield,
Illinois
Lincoln’s kitchen in Springfield, Illinois
III.
The North and South Call Each
Other’s Bluff
 Republican Lincoln wins North and wins 1860 election,
splitting nation even more
 South Carolina chooses secession and urges other
states to follow
The Election of 1860
The election returns
from 1860 vividly
illustrate the geography
of sectionalism.
Election of 1860
©2004 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning™ is a trademark used herein under license.
Abraham Lincoln
in 1860
Stephen Douglas,
the “Little Giant”
IV.
The First Secession
 Lincoln’s inaugural address clarifies his position but fails to
satisfy South
 Attempts to relieve Fort Sumter draw fire and plunge
country into war
Fort Sumter
Confederate Soldiers at Pensacola against Fort Pickens
The Road to Disunion
North-South Differences
John Brown’s Raid
The Election of 1860
 Abraham Lincoln, Stephen Douglas and John C.
Breckinridge, Constitutional Party John Bell
Secession Begins
Presidential Inaction
Peace Proposals
 John C. Crittenden, Jan. 1861 and former pres. John
Tyler in Feb. 1861 – Crittenden wanted to extend
Missouri Compromise line through CA but South
disinterested
Lincoln’s Views on Secession
Election of 1860
and Southern
Secession