PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
Chapter 10
NUCLEIC ACIDS
DNA
RNA
FUNCTION
Store
information
________________________
:
NUCLEIC ACIDS
Made up of
NUCLEOTIDE subunits
NITROGEN
BASE
5 NITROGEN BASES
A=_____________
Adenine
T= _____________
Thymine
G= _____________
Guanine
C= _____________
Cytosine
U= _____________
Uracil
RNA
RIBOSE
SUGAR = _________________
A, U, C, G
NITROGEN BASES = _________________
RNA
SINGLE STRANDED
U
_____________
PHOSPHATES
and _________
SUGARS
form the chain
_________________
NITROGEN BASES
stick out to side
DNA
DEOXYRIBOSE
SUGAR = _________________
A, T, C, G
NITROGEN BASES = _________________
DNA
DOUBLE STRANDED
PHOSPHATES
_____________
and _________
SUGARS
make the sides
of the ladder
NITROGEN BASES
_________________
make the steps
DNA
“Twisted ladder”
called a
DOUBLE
HELIX
BONDING RULES
HYDROGEN
_______________BONDS
hold two
strands together
T
____
A always bonds with ____
G always bonds with ____
C
____
DNA
Double stranded
Deoxyribose sugar
A, T, G, C
No Uracil
Stays in nucleus
Makes up
genetic code
RNA
Single stranded
Ribose sugar
A, U, G, C
No Thymine
Made in nucleus but
moves to cytoplasm
Carries genetic code
to ribosomes and
changes code
into a protein
CELL
DNA is found in
nucleus
RIBOSOMES
are found in
cytoplasm
WAY INFORMATION IN
PASSED IN CELLS
DNA  _________________
_____
RNA
PROTEIN
WAY INFORMATION IN
PASSED IN CELLS
DNA
= REPLICATION
DNA can copy itself =
__________________
REPLICATION
Happens during
CELL
DIVISION
______________
(S)
REPLICATION
•DNA unzips
•DNA POLYMERASE proteins
move along strands and use code to
make 2 new matching DNA strands
•REPLICATION LINK
WAY INFORMATION IN
PASSED IN CELLS
RNA
_____
DNA  _____
= TRANSCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPTION
•DNA unzips
•RNA POLYMERASE protein
moves along strand and uses code to
make an RNA strand
• RNA strand leaves nucleus and
travels to ribosomes in cytoplasm
• DNA zips back together
• TRANSCRIPTION LINK
TRANSCRIPTION MAKES
3 KINDS of RNA
TO DO DIFFERENT JOBS
RIBOSOMAL-RNA
________________________ (r-RNA)
makes up the ribosomes
MESSENGER-RNA
________________________ (m-RNA)
carries DNA code out to ribosomes
TRANSFER-RNA (t-RNA)
_______________________
matches the m-RNA to add the correct
amino acids to the protein chain
Ribosomal-RNA
(r-RNA)
Made in
NUCLEOLUS;
joins with
proteins to
make ribosomes
Messenger-RNA
(m-RNA)
Carries message
from DNA in
nucleus to
ribosomes in
cytoplasm
AMINO ACID
BINDS HERE
Transfer-RNA
(t-RNA)
“hairpin” shaped
RNA
m-RNA BINDS HERE
Binds m-RNA at
one end and a
specific amino
acid at other end
Image from:
http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/T/tRNA.html
AMINO ACID
BINDS HERE
ANTICODON
CAU
M-RNA
G UACAC GG C U UA
Image from:
http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/T/tRNA.html
WAY INFORMATION IN
PASSED IN CELLS
RNA
PROTEIN
_________________
= TRANSLATION
PROTEINS ARE MADE OF
AMINO ACIDS
20 AMINO ACIDS are used by
all cells to make proteins
R group is different in each
Modified from:
http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/A/amino.html
TRANSLATION
•M-RNA attaches to ribosome
•As ribosome moves along m-RNA strand,
t-RNA anticodons match the code and
bring in the correct amino
•Enzymes join the amino acids and
t-RNA drops off
•When the end is reached,
ribosome and protein separate
(Ribosome, m-RNA, and t-RNA can then
be reused to make another protein)
ANTICODON
_____________on
t-RNA matches
the ________
CODON on
the m-RNA and
adds the correct
amino acid
UUU
– Phenylalanine
GUC
-Valine
AUG
= Start codon
Images Modified from:
http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/A/amino.html
TRANSLATION
• TRANSLATION LINK
PROTEIN STRUCTURE
AMINO and CARBOXY groups join to make
a chain when WATER is removed
PROTEINS