• IS371 WEEK 5
W. Edwards Deming
1900-1993
• Midterm submission
• Debate reminder
• Homework 2 results on Wednesday
• Your leadership style: a little exercise
• Hardware and Software
• Service Level Agreements
1
COURSE ORGANIZATION
Date
1
W. Edwards Deming
1900-1993
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Preparation
Introduction
Ch. 1
IT strategy
Ch. 2 and Reading 1
IT strategy and planning
Ch. 3, 4 and Reading 2
IT department administration
Ch. 17 (512-528) and
Reading 3
Globalization and culture
Reading 6
Outsourcing
Reading 7
Leadership
Reading 4
Leadership (movie)
Attendance Required
Hardware and software
Ch. 5
Service level agreements
Ch.12
Managing network applications
Ch. 11
Network management
Ch. 14
Application portfolio management
Ch.8
Electronic Debating concepts
Midterm Electronic
Debate begins
Application development
Ch. 9
Alternative to development
Ch. 10 and Reading 5
Resource Management
Ch. 13
IT Investment
Ch. 15
IT Controls
Ch.16
Assignment Due
Sep 9
Sep 16
Sep 23
Homework 1:
Strategy
Sep 30
Oct 7
Oct 14
Oct 21
Oct 28
9
Nov 4
10
Nov 11
11
Topic
Nov 18
Final Project Due
Homework 2:
Leadership
Homework 3:
Choose site;
identify key
processes
Homework 4: Call
Reduction Strategy
Midterm Electronic
Debate ends
Final Project: SLA
and Escalation
2
Your Leadership Style
Blake and Mounton Leadership Style Evaluation
Exercise
W. Edwards Deming
1900-1993
never
0
1
Below is a list of statements about leadership behavior. Read each one carefully, then, using
the following scale, decide the extent to which it applies to you.
sometimes
2
3
1. _______
2. _______
3. _______
4. _______
5. _______
6. _______
7. _______
8. _______
9. ______
into action.
10. ______
11. ______
12. ______
13. ______
14. ______
15. ______
16. ______
17. ______
18. ______
learned.
4
always
5
I encourage my team to participate when it comes decision-making time and I try to implement their ideas and suggestions.
Nothing is more important than accomplishing a goal or task.
I closely monitor the schedule to ensure a task or project will be completed in time.
I enjoy coaching people on new tasks and procedures.
The more challenging a task is, the more I enjoy it.
I encourage my employees to be creative about their job.
When seeing a complex task through to completion, I ensure that every detail is accounted for.
I find it easy to carry out several complicated tasks at the same time.
I enjoy reading articles, books, and journals about training, leadership, and psychology; and then putting what I have read
When correcting mistakes, I do not worry about jeopardizing relationships.
I manage my time very efficiently.
I enjoy explaining the intricacies and details of a complex task or project to my employees.
Breaking large projects into small manageable tasks is second nature to me.
Nothing is more important than building a great team.
I enjoy analyzing problems.
I honor other people's boundaries.
Counseling my employees to improve their performance or behavior is second nature to me.
I enjoy reading articles, books, and trade journals about my profession; and then implementing the new procedures I have
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W. Edwards Deming
1900-1993
TIME REMAINING
Blake and Mounton
Leadership Style
Evaluation
MINUTES
Exercise: 10
minutes
4
W. Edwards Deming
1900-1993
People
Task
Question
Question
1.______
2.______
4.______
3.______
6.______
5.______
9.______
7.______
10.______
8.______
12.______
11.______
14.______
13.______
16.______
15.______
17.______
18.______
TOTAL ________
TOTAL ________
X 0.2 = ________
X 0.2 ________
(multiple the Total by 0.2 to get your final score)
(multiple the Total by 0.2 to get your final score)
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W. Edwards Deming
1900-1993
intersection
CHART YOUR
“PEOPLE TOTAL”
EXAMPLE: PEOPLE
TOTAL = 3
CHART YOUR
“TASK TOTAL”
EXAMPLE: TASK
TOTAL = 7
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IT ARCHITECTURE AND INFRASTRUCTURE
W. Edwards Deming
1900-1993
Architecture = the PLAN / BLUEPRINT that shows
how the overall system and its parts
interrelate.
TECHNOLOGY
- Mainframe computer
- Microcomputer and workstation
- Local area network servers
- Local area network hardware: routers, switches, gateways, hubs
- Wide area network hardware
- Firewall hardware
- Low voltage wiring and cabling
- Environmental systems: electric power, HVAC
SYSTEM SOFTWARE
-Operating system
- Data base management system (DBMS)
- Online transaction processing system (OLTP)
- Middleware: server
-Graphical User Interface: client (GUI)
DATA
- Disk storage
- Tape storage
- Storage control units
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Computing Era
Characteristic
~ approximately
Mainframe
~1950-1975
Decentralized
~1975-1985
Distributed
~1985-1997
Internet
~1997-present
Dominant Technology
Hardware
large central processors
(IBM)
small decentralized processors
in departments
(DEC, HP, IBM, Data General)
Distributed servers for LANs;
desktop work stations
(Compaq, Dell) (INTEL, Sun, )
Individual PCs; Web based
devices-- servers linked into the
net
(Web TV, PALM)
Vendor Operating System;
Third party applications
(emerging)
MS Windows; MS Office; Third
party apps
MS Office; Web Browsers and
Services
Islands of IT; some unknown to
"official IT" department-departments have own IT
professionals
Collaborative organization; IT
sets standards; users manage
apps.-- IT professionals report to
both users and central IT dept
Totally independent apps from
service vendors; IT mgt sets
standards, IT manages
infrastructure & coordinates
application efforts; IT mgt
organized around servers--
Project teams
Matrix: inter- functional teams
Matrix: 360° review
W. Edwards Deming
1900-1993
Dominant Technology
Software
Organizational
Model for IT Resources
Organizational Governance
Model
for Development
IBM Operating Systems
Build your own apps.
Centralized IS department
CHARACTERIZED
BY CLIENTSERVER
Functional
ARCHITECTURE
Information Management
Individual or groups of
programmers
Islands for each device;
programmers
Corporate Data Management and
Definition; Standard from ERP
apps
Mixture: Corporate data
Management and Vendor
mandated structures
Comm. Management
Initially nil; very centralized
Independent networks for each
device or protocol
Coordinated networks; intranets
based on router technology
Coordinated networks; portal or
managed gateways for services
Tools
Very Primitive; became very
robust for Operations and
Development
'core dumps'
octal/hex calculators
Very Primitive; mediocre for
Operations and Development;
User Interfaces emerging
Excellent User Interfaces;
Average development tools,
Weak Operations tools; icon
based buttons.
Excellent User Interfaces;
Vendors will hide Operations
and Development (AOL)
User Interface
Punch Card; line command on
dumb terminals; Fill in Blanks
with 'CICS' like apps.-- printed
reports
line command dumb terminals;
remote access; some graphic
interface and "icons"
Initially line command mode with
DOS; now Icon/GUI exclusively;
Windows based apps
Icon/GUI buttons only; some
form of windows/graphic
control; no ability to revert to
line commands
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INFORMATION SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
3 FUNCTIONS
W. Edwards Deming
1900-1993
DATA
STORAGE &
ACCESS
SERVER
APPLICATION
PROGRAMS
CLIENT
SERVER
USER
INTERFACE
CLIENT
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CLIENT/SERVER CONFIGURATIONS: DATA MANAGEMENT, APPLICATION FUNCTION, PRESENTATION
DISTRIBUTED
PRESENTATION
W. Edwards Deming
REMOTE
PRESENTATION
DISTRIBUTED
FUNCTION
DATA
MANAGEMENT
DATA
MANAGEMENT
DATA
MANAGEMENT
APPLICATION
FUNCTION
APPLICATION
FUNCTION
APPLICATION
FUNCTION
REMOTE DATA
MANAGEMENT
DISTRIBUTED
DATABASE
1900-1993
PRESENTATION
PRESENTATION
PRESENTATION
DATA
MANAGEMENT
DATA
MANAGEMENT
DATA
MANAGEMENT
APPLICATION
FUNCTION
APPLICATION
FUNCTION
APPLICATION
FUNCTION
PRESENTATION
PRESENTATION
PRESENTATION
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3-TIER CLIENT/SERVER ARCHITECTURE:
PREVALENT ARCHITECTURE TODAY
W. Edwards Deming
1900-1993
THE 3 PROGRAM LAYERS ARE IMPLEMENTED AS
SEPARATE COMPONENTS
• PRESENTATION (INTERFACE ON CLIENT)
• APPLICATION (BUSINESS LOGIC)
• SERVICES (DATA)
• APPLICATION LOGIC (APPLICATION LAYER) RUNS ON
ITS OWN SERVER. (APPLICATION SERVER)
• THE APPLICATION SERVER MAY RUN ON THE SAME HARDWARE
AS THE DATABASE
• THE SERVER MAY BE LCATED IN THE BEST PLACE TO FIT THE NEED.
• PRESENTATION LAYER DOES NOT HAVE KNOWLEDGE OF THE DATABASE
• PRESENTATION LAYER COMMUNICATES WITH THE APPLICATION
SERVER USING A PREDEFINED MESSAGE STRATEGY
• 2-TIER RELATIONSHIP EXISTS BETWEEN APPLICATION SERVER AND
DATABASE SERVER.
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N-TIER CLIENT/SERVER ARCHITECTURE:
WILL BECOME THE NORM
W. Edwards Deming
1900-1993
THE n PROGRAM LAYERS ARE IMPLEMENTED AS
SEPARATE COMPONENTS
• PRESENTATION
GUI INTERFACE ON CLIENT
PRESENTATION LOGIC ON SERVER
• APPLICATION (BUSINESS LOGIC)
• SERVICES
DATA ACCESS (I/O)
DATA STORAGE
N-TIER ARCHITECTURE FACILITATES “SCALE-OUT” AT FRONT-END:
• RAIS (REDUNDANT ARRAY OF INEXPENSIVE SERVERS)
• MIDDLE: MIDDLEWARE (VERSUS OPERATING SYSTEM)
• BACK-END: MULTIPLE POWERFUL SERVERS
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W. Edwards Deming
1900-1993
Who is Edwards Deming?
Quality guru – emphasized
-- building quality into products versus inspecting for
defects at the end of the cycle
-- continuous process improvement
"Practically all of our major corporations were started by technical men inventors, mechanics, engineers, and chemists, who had a sincere interest in
quality of products. Now these companies are largely run by men interested in
profit, not product. Their pride is in the P&L statement or stock report."
"Learning is not compulsory ... neither is survival."
"Two basic rules of life are: 1) Change is inevitable. 2) Everybody resists
change."
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