Year : SYME (2014-15)
Sub: Fluid Mechanics & Machinery (17411)
Assignment No. 1
Properties of Fluids
Sr.
No.
1
2
Question
Define Specific gravity and Specific weight.
Define surface tension & capillarity.
Define
3
cohesion & adhesion with one example of each.
1
Determine surface tension of liquid in contact with air &
a glass tube. If the capillary tube diameter 2mm is dipped
in a liquid of specific gravity 0.8 , the liquid rises in the
tube by 15mm, making an angle of contact of 250 with the
tube.
3
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9
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11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
Define Specific gravity, Specific volume and Vapour pressure
Define Density and Surface Tension.
Define Kinematic viscosity and Dynamic viscosity.
Define Specific gravity and Specific weight. State its SI unit.
Determine the specific gravity of fluid having viscosity 0.05
poise and kinematic viscosity as 0.035 stokes.
A 5mm diameter glass tube is immersed vertically in water.
If the contact angle is 50° find the capillary rise. Take
surface tension for water as 0.074.
Define specific volume. State its SI unit.
Explain the phenomenon of capillary rise with reference to
surface tension.
Define the following terms
i) Specific Weight ii) Specific gravity
iii) Pressure
iv) Surface tension
Define the term
i) Kinematic Viscosity ii) Dynamic Viscosity
Exam
Marks
S2014
S2014
2
4
W2014
2
W2014
4
Sample Paper
G Scheme
Sample Paper
G Scheme
Sample Paper
G Scheme
Sample Paper
E Scheme
Sample Paper
E Scheme
3
2
4
2
4
Sample Paper
E Scheme
4
S2011
2
S2011, W2012
4
W2011
4
W2011
4
Define - (1) Specific volume (2) Compressibility
Explain - (1) Surface tension (2) Vapour pressure.
At a certain point in castor oil the shear stress is
0.216 N/m2 and the velocity gradient 0.216 s-1. If mass
density of castor oil is 959.42 kg/m3, find kinematic
viscosity.
S2012
S2012
2
4
S2012
4
Define kinematic viscosity and atmospheric pressure.
Define density and specific gravity
Differentiate between dynamic viscosity and kimematic
viscosity. State their units.
W2012
S2013
2
2
S2013
4
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Year : SYME (2014-15)
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35
Sub: Fluid Mechanics & Machinery (17411)
Explain the phenomenon surface tension and capillarity.
Define specific gravity of fluid and write its standard value
of water.
Explain the phenomenon of ‘capillary rise’ and write its
equations for capillary rise of liquid.
Explain dynamic viscosity and kinematic viscosity. write
relation between them.
Define Surface Tension, give its SI unit.
Specific gravity of oil is 0.76. Calculate its density in kg/m3
and specific weight in N/m3.
Define Kinematic Viscosity and give its SI unit.
Find the specific gravity of an oil whose specific weight is
7.85 kN/m3.
What is Newton’s law of viscosity?
Calculate specific weight and density of one liter liquid
which weighs 7 N.
Define Dynamic Viscosity with its SI unit.
Determine the specific gravity of a fluid having viscosity
0.005 N-s/m2 and kinematic viscosity 0.035 X 10-4 m2/sec.
Define Newtonian and Non-Newtonian fluid with one
example each.
The density of liquid is 3000 kg/m3. Calculate specific
gravity and specific weight of liquid.
State Newton’s law of viscosity?
Find the Kinematic viscosity of an oil having density 980 kg/m3
when at a certain point in the oil, the shear stress is 0.25 N/m 2
and velocity gradient 0.3 /s
S2013
4
W2013
2
W2013
4
W2013
4
MSBTE Sample
Test Paper C
Scheme, S2010
MSBTE Sample
Theory Paper C
Scheme
MSBTE Sample
Theory Paper C
Scheme
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2
2
W2008
2
W2008
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S2009
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S2009
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S2010
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W2010
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W2010
4
2
Year : SYME (2014-15)
Sub: Fluid Mechanics & Machinery (17411)
Assignment No. 2
Fluid Pressure & Pressure measurement
Sr.
No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Question
Define : (i) Absolute (ii) Gauge (iii) Vacuum and (iv)
atmospheric pressure.
Explain Inverted U-tube differential manometer.
Why mercury is used in manometer?
Write any four advantages of mechanical gauges over
manometer.
Explain “Single Column Manometer” in brief.
Explain Bourdon pressure gauge with a neat sketch.
Explain simple differential manometer with a neat sketch.
Explain Total Pressure and Centre of Pressure.
A circular plate of 6 m diameter is held in water in such a
way that its maximum and minimum depth from surface of
water is 3 m and 9 m. Determine the total pressure on the
plate and the position of centre of pressure.
A tube manometer is used to measure pressure of oil specific
10. gravity 0.85 flowing in a pipe line. Its left end is connected to
pipe and right limb is open to atm. The centre of pipe is 100
mm below level of mercury in right limb. If the difference of
mercury level in two limbs is 160 mm . Find absolute
pressure in kPa. Take specific gravity of mercury =13.6.
11. Define fluid pressure intensity and pressure head.
Exam
Marks
W2014
4
W2014
W2014
4
2
W2014
4
S2014
S2014
S2014
Sample Paper
G Scheme
4
4
4
3
9.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
A circular plate 1.3 m in diameter is immersed vertically in
water so that centre of the plate is 2.2 m below the free
surface. Determine total pressure and the depth of centre of
pressure.
Explain Bourdon pressure gauge with a neat sketch.
Explain concept of Absolute vacuum, Gauge pressure and
Atmospheric pressure with a neat diagram.
A left limb of a simple ‘U’ tube mercury manometer is
connected to a pipe in which a fluid of specific gravity 0.9 is
flowing. The centre of the pipe is 12 cm below the level of
mercury in the right limb. Find the pressure of fluid in the
pipe if the difference of mercury level in the two limbs is 20
cm.
Explain working principle of Differential manometer with
neat sketch.
Define the terms “Center of pressure” and “Total pressure”
on immersed body.
Sample Paper
G Scheme
4
Sample Paper
G Scheme
4
Sample Paper
G Scheme
2
Sample Paper
G Scheme
4
Sample Paper
G Scheme
Sample Paper
G Scheme
4
4
Sample Paper
G Scheme
4
Sample Paper
G Scheme
Sample Paper
E Scheme
S2013
Draw a neat sketch of “inverted U-tube differential Sample Paper
manometer”. Under what pressure conditions it can be
E Scheme
4
2
4
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Year : SYME (2014-15)
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Sub: Fluid Mechanics & Machinery (17411)
used?
An Equilateral triangular plate of base 3m and altitude 3m
is immersed vertically in an oil of specific gravity 0.8.
Determine total pressure and depth of center of pressure of
plate.
A close tank contains 0.5 m Hg and 1.5 m water, 2m of oil of
specific gravity 0.8and air space above the oil, if the pressure
at the bottom of tank is 30 N/cm2gauge. What should be the
reading of the gauge at the top of the tank?
List the Mechanical gauges for pressure measurement.
Explain with a neat sketch the working of Bourdons tube
pressure gauge.
What is meant by i) Total Pressure ii) Centre of pressure on
immersed body?
In a given Fig. No. 1 the air pressure intensity at A is 1/10
N/mm2 (absolute). What is the pressure in N/mm2 (absolute)
at B?
Sample Paper
E Scheme
4
Sample Paper
E Scheme
4
Sample Paper
E Scheme
8
S2011
2
S2011
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S2011
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S2011
S2011
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Water
Oil of Sp. Gr. 0.9
h1=250 mm
h2=75
h3 = 150mm
Mercury
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
A circular plate of 6 m diameter is held in water in such a
way that its maximum and minimum depth from surface of
water is 3 m and 9 m. Determine the total pressure on the
plate and the position of centre of pressure.
Draw a sketch of Bourdon gauge and explain how it works.
Explain with neat sketch working of differential manometer.
For a water column of height 6 m. Calculate
i)
Intensity of pressure (KPa)
ii)
mm of mercury
iii)
m of water
iv)
N/m2 absolute.
Convert 10 N/cm2 pressure in oil column of specific gravity
4
Year : SYME (2014-15)
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Sub: Fluid Mechanics & Machinery (17411)
0.82.
Convert 15cm mercury column equivalent to water column.
An isosceles triangular plate base 1.2m & height 2m is
immersed vertically in such a way that the apex is in the
downward direction and the side of base is parallel & 38cm
below free water surface level, determine total pressure.
Define the following term
i) Vapour pressure ii) Compressibility
ii Gauge pressure iv) Total pressure
Differentiate between absolute pressure and gauge
pressure
A circular plate 1.2 in diameter is placed vertically in
water so that centre of the plate is 2 m below the free
surface. Determine the depth of centre of pressure.
Explain working principle of Differential manometer
with neat sketch.
Sketch and explain Bourdon pressure gauge
Define - (i) Pressure head (ii) Pressure intensity
(iii) Absolute vacuum (iv) Atmospheric pressure
Explain concepts of (i) Total pressure (ii) Centre of pressure
What is meant absolute and atmospheric pressure ?
The pressure of a fluid of specific gravity 0.8 flowing in
horizontal pipe line is determined with a simple U tube
mercury manometer .The level of mercury surface in right
limb which is open to atmosphere is 90 mm above the centre
of pipe . The level of mercury in the left limb which is
connected to the pipe is 60 mm below centre of the pipe .
Determine absolute pressure of the fluid in the pipe in
Newton’s per square meter .
A circular plate of 6 m diameter is held in water in such way
that its maximum and minimum depth from surface of
water is 3 m and 9 m . Determine the total pressure on the
plate and position of center of pressure .
Draw a sketch of Bourdon pressure gauge and explain how
it works .
Define pressure head . How given pressure in pascal can be
converted into required liquid column .
For a water column of height 6 m calculate
1)Intensity of pressure (KPa)
2)mm of mercury
3)m of water
4)N/m2
Define pressure. Establish a relation between pressure and
pressure head
A simple U-tube manometer containing Hg is converted to a
pipe in which a fluid of Sp. Gr. 0.8 and having vacuu
pressure is flowing the other and of the manometer is open
W2011
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W2011
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S2012
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S2012
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S2012
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S2012
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S2012
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W 2012
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W 2012
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W 2012
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S2013
2
S2013
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Year : SYME (2014-15)
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Sub: Fluid Mechanics & Machinery (17411)
to atmosphere. Find the vacuum pressure in pipe, if the
difference of Hg level in two limbs is 40 mm and the height
of fluid in the left from the centre of pipe is 15 cm below.
Determine the total pressure on a circular plate of diameter
1.5 m which is placed vertically in water in such a way that
the centre of the plate is 3 m below the free surface of water.
Find the centre of pressure also.
Write equation for total pressure and centre of pressure of
an inclined plane surface.
Determine the total pressure and centre of pressure on a
circular plate of diameter 1.5m which is placed vertically in
water in such a way that the centre of plate is 3m below the
free surface of water.
(Density of water = 1000 kg/m3 )
Draw a sketch of Bourdons pressure gauge and explain how
it work.
Define absolute pressure, Gauge pressure vacuum pressure
and atmospheric pressure.
List of various types of manometer used. How given
pressure in Pascal can be converted into required liquid
column.
Convert 3.5 bar pressure into equivalent mercury column.
Draw a labeled diagram of vertical micromanometer. State
the significance of reservoir used in it.
A circular plate 2 m diameter is submerged in water such that
its greatest and smallest depths below the free water surface
are 2.8 m and 1 m respectively. Find the inclination of the
plate with water surface, total pressure acting on it and depth
of centre of pressure.
State Pascal’s law of fluid pressure
How can a pressure be expressed in two ways? State the
units.
A circular gate of 2 m diameter is immersed vertically in an
oil of specific gravity 0.84. Such that its centre is 3 m from
the surface of oil. Find the oil pressure and centre of pressure
on the gate.
Explain Bourdon tube pressure gauge with a neat sketch.
State the different types of manometers and explain any one
of them with figure.
Explain the concept of Atmospheric pressure, Gauge pressure
and Absolute pressure.
Convert 30 cm of oil column in N/m2. Take specific gr. Of oil
1.2
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8
W2013
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S2008,
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S2010
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W2008
2
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W2008
S2010
Sample
Question
Paper
4
S2009
2
4
6
Year : SYME (2014-15)
62.
63.
64.
Sub: Fluid Mechanics & Machinery (17411)
A tube manometer is used to measure pressure of oil sp. gr.
0.85 flowing in a pipe line. Its left end is connected to pipe
and right limb is open to atm. The centre of pipe is 100 mm
below level of mercury in right limb. If difference of mercury
level in two limbs is 160 mm. Find absolute pressure in KPa.
Take sp. gr. Of mercury = 13.6.
Draw neat labeled sketch of inverted U tube differential
manometer. When it is be used,
The tank shown contains water under pressure. Calculate
total pressure on side and bottom of tank. Take tank is 2.5 m
wide perpendicular to plane of paper.
S2009
4
S2009
S2010
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W2010
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4m
5m
2m
0.7
5
m
65.
Define ‘Total pressure’ and ‘Centre of pressure’.
66.
A 4 m X 4 m square plate is immersed in water with one of
its diagonals vertical. Its centroid lies at a depth of 8 m from
the free water surface. Calculate the total pressure on the
plate and locate position of centre of pressure with respect to
the plate centroid.
An open tank contains water up to a depth of 2 m and above
it an oil of specific gravity 0.9 for a depth of 1 m. Find the
pressure intensity:
i)
at the interface of two liquids
ii)
at the bottom of tank.
A circular plate of diameter 1m is immersed in water in such
a way that the least depth of immersion is 0.5 m and max
depth of immersion is 1 m. Find the depth of centre of
pressure
Convert 25 bar into MPa
Draw a neat and labeled sketch of Inclined Micromanometer,
Write the equation for pressure head.
Rectangular sluice gate is situated on the vertical wall of
lock. The vertical side of the sluice is (d) meters in length and
depth of centroid of the area is (p) meters below the water
surface. Find the centre of pressure.
A differential manometer is connected at points A and B of
two pipes as shown in fig. no. 1 The pipe A contains a liquid
of Sp. Gr. = 0.9. The pressure at A and B are 1 kg/cm2 and
1.80 kg/cm2 respectively. Find the difference in mercury
67.
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Year : SYME (2014-15)
Sub: Fluid Mechanics & Machinery (17411)
level.
Sp. Gr. = 1.5
Pa = 1 kg/cm2
3m
Sp. Gr.=0.9
2m
Pb=1.8 kg/cm2
h
Mercury
8
Year : SYME (2014-15)
Sub: Fluid Mechanics & Machinery (17411)
Assignment No. 3
Fluid Flow
Sr.
No.
Question
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
State Continuity theorem.
Define steady & unsteady flow with one example of each.
Write any four laws of fluid friction for turbulent flow.
Explain the HGL & TEL with neat sketch.
Define steady flow & uniform flow.
What is continuity equqtion.
Derive the equation of actual discharge through
7.
venturimeter.
8. Explain the HGL & TEL.
An oil of specific gravity 0.8 is flowing through
venturimeter having inlet diameter 20cm & throat
9. diameter 10cm. The oil-mercury differential manometer
shows a reading of 25cm.Calculate discharge of oil
through the horizontal venturimeter.Take Cd = 0.98.
Explain construction & working of “Orificemeter” with
10.
neat sketch.
10 State Bernoulli’s Theorem.
11 Explain working principles of Pitot tube with a neat sketch?
12
13
Differentiate between i) laminar flow and turbulent flow
ii) steady flow and unsteady flow
iii)rotational flow and irrotational flow
Explain with neat sketch working principle of venturimeter
14
Explain Hydraulic Gradient Line and Total Energy Line.
15
Derive coefficient of discharge for Venturimeter
16
Explain the working of orifice meter with a neat sketch?
17
Define Laminar flow and Turbulent flow.
Exam
Marks
W2014
W2014
W2014
W2014
S2014
S2014
2
2
4
4
2
2
S2014
4
S2014
4
S2014
8
S2014
4
Sample Paper
G Scheme
Sample Paper
G Scheme
3
3
Sample Paper
G Scheme
4
Sample Paper
G Scheme
Sample Paper
G Scheme
Sample Paper
G Scheme
Sample Paper
G Scheme
Sample Paper
G Scheme
4
4
4
4
4
1 8 A horizontal Venturimeter with inlet and throat diameter 30
cm and 15 cm respectively is used to measure the flow of
Sample Paper
water. The reading of differential Manometer connected to
G Scheme
the inlet and throat is 20 cm of Hg. Determine the rate of
flow. Take Cd=0.98
Define “laminar flow” and “turbulent flow”.
19
Sample Paper
E Scheme
Draw a neat sketch of venturimeter. State why the length of
20
Sample Paper
divergent cone is made longer?
E Scheme
8
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4
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Year : SYME (2014-15)
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Sub: Fluid Mechanics & Machinery (17411)
A 5m long tapered pipe is inclined at an angle of 15with
horizontal. Diameter of the pipe at top end is 0.24 m and
Sample Paper
that at bottom end is 0.08 m. find the pressure difference
E Scheme
between the two ends if the velocity of water at bottom end
is 2 m/s.
An Orifice meter with orifice diameter 15 cm is inserted in a
pipe of 30cm diameter. The pressure gauge fitted upstream
Sample Paper
and downstream of the orifice meter give readings of 14.715
E Scheme
N/cm2 and 9.81 N/cm2 respectively. Find the rate of flow
of water through the pipe in litres / sec. Take Cd = 0.6.
State any four types of fluid flows.
S2011
A Venturimeter is installed in a pipe line 30 cm diameter.
The difference of pressure at entrance and throat read by
mercury manometer is 5 cm, when water flows at a rate of
S2011
3
0.05 m /sec. If the discharge co-efficient of meter is 0.96,
determine the diameter of throat.
State the laws of fluid friction for laminar flow. Also explain
S2011, W2012
hydraulic gradient line and total energy line with sketch.
Explain construction principle of working of orifice meter.
Also write the equation for discharge through orificemeter
S2011
and state the meaning of each term used.
A pitot tube directed into a water stream having a velocity of
2.7 m/sec. It has gauge difference of 30 mm on the water
S2011
mercury manometer. Find its coefficient. Also explain
construction and working of pitot tube with neat sketch.
In case of Venturimeter why the length of divergent cone is
W2011
more than that of convergent cone.
List out the discharge measuring devices and draw a neat
W2011
labeled diagram of Venturimeter.
Define the following term
i) Uniform flow ii) Steady flow
W2011
iii) Turbulent flow iv) Rotational flow
State the Bernoulli’s theorem and give the assumption made
W2011
while deriving it.
If the pitot tube shows 15.5 cm of water determine the
velocity of water. If area of flow is 5.88 cm2 determine the
W2011
discharge of water in lit/sec.
A Venturimeter having throat diameter 5.3 cm is provided
on a pipe of 10 cm diameter. If oil of specific gravity 0.85 is
flowing in upward direction, determine the venturei head
and the discharge if the manometer shows 12.80 cm of
W2011
mercury deflection. If the vertical distance between inlet and
throat is 22 cm. Determine the actual head of Venturimeter.
Assume Cd = 0.65
Define 1) Stream-line flow ii) Uniform flow
S2012
A venturimeter has an area ratio 9 to 1, the largest diameter
being 300 mm. During the flow, the recorded pressure head
S2012
in the large section is 6.6 meters and that at the throat 4.25
metres. If the metre coefficient (C) = 0.99, compute the
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Year : SYME (2014-15)
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Sub: Fluid Mechanics & Machinery (17411)
discharge through the metre.
What is pitot tube? Explain with neat sketch.
State continuity equation
A pitot tube in a pipe in which air is flowing is connected to
a monometer containing water. If the difference in water
levels in the manometer is 87.5 mm, what is the velocity of
flow in the pipe assuming a tube coefficient as 0.99
State Bernoulli’s theorm. Explain the significance of each
term. What is its applicability? State its four limitations.
Explain with neat sketch working of venturimetr.
Define steady flow and turbulent flow.
Define uniform and nominal flow
A horizontal venturimeter with inlet and throat diameters
30cm and 15 cm respectively is used to measure the flow of
water the reading of differential manometer connected to
the inlet and the throat is 20 cm of hg .determine the rate of
flow. Take cd=0.98
Find the velocity of flow of an oil through a pipe ,when the
difference of mercury level in differencial u-tube
manometer connected to the tapping of the piyote tube is
100 mm . take coefficient of pitote tube 0.98 and sp . gravity
of oil=0.8
State Bernoulli’s theorem.
A venturimeter connected in a pipe carrying water . the
diameter of pipe is 250mm the difference of levels between
the throat and inlet section is 45mm , when the flow rate
0.05m^3/sec .calculate the diameter of throat . take Cd=0.96.
Explain Hydraulic Gradient line (HGL) and total gradient
line (TGL). State law’s of fluid friction laminar &turbulent
flow.
What are the hydraulic coefficient ?name them . explain
working principle of pitot tube
Explain working principle of orificemeter with a neat sketch
&define vena –contra in orifice.
State Bernoulli’s theorem. Write Bernoulli’s theorem in
energy and head form.
A multistoried building is 380 m above the street. If the
pressure of 170 KPa is required in a water pipe line at the top
of the building. What is the pressure at the basement of the
building 9 m below street?
Draw a neat sketch of venturimeter. State why the length of
divergent cone is made larger.
A 25 cm diameter pipe carries oil of specific gravity 0.9 at a
velocity of 3 m/s. At another section the diameter is 20 cm.
Find velocity at this section and mass rate flow of oil.
Explain the total energy of a liquid particle in motion.
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Sample
Question
Paper
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Year : SYME (2014-15)
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Draw the diagram of venturimeter and explain its use. Also
write the equation for discharge.
Write the construction and working of a Pitot tube.
Derive the equation for discharge through an Orifice meter.
A venturimeter has an area ratio 9 : 1. The larger diameter
being 300 mm. During the flow, the recorded pressure is the
large section is 6.5 m and that at the throat is 4.25 m. If the
meter coefficient C = 0.99. Calculate the discharge through
the meter.
Define steady flow with an example.
State Bernoulli’s theorem. Explain how it can be applied to
Pitot tube by using mathematical equation.
An orifice meter with orifice diameter 15 cm is inserted in a
pipe of 30 cm diameter. The pressure difference measured by
mercury oil differential manometer is 50 cm of Hg. Find rate
of flow of oil sp. gr. 0.9. Take Cd = 0.64
Define compressible and incompressible flow. Water flows
down an inclined tapered pipe 45 m long at slope of 1 : 10.
The areas at upper and lower ends of pipe are 8 m2 and 3 m2
resp. If velocity at lower end is 4.5 m/s and pressure at upper
end is 100 KPa, calculate pressure at lower end and rate of
flow.
State continuity equation and meaning of each term, for
incompressible flow. Explain working principle of
venturimeter.
Explain the principle of working of Pitot tube with neat
sketch
A 30 cm X 15 cm venturimeter is inserted in a vertical pipe
carrying water flowing in the upward direction. A differential
mercury manometer connected to the inlet and throat gives a
reading of 20 cm. Find the discharge. Take Cd = 0.98
Define Rotational and Irrotational flows. Define rate of flow
with its unit in SI system.
Define uniform and non uniform flow.
State Bernoullis’s theorem. Explain meaning of each term in
it.
A horizontal venturimeter 160 X 80 mm used to measure
flow of an oil specific gravity 0.3 . Determine deflection of
oil mercury gauge if discharge of oil is 50 lit/sec. Take Cd = 1
A pipe through which water is flowing is having diameters 40
cm and 20 cm at section 1 and 2 respectively. The velocity of
water at section 1 is given 5 m/s. Find the velocity head at
sections 1 and 2 and also rate of discharge
Draw a neat sketch of venturimeter. Define venturi head.
Define the following flow i) Steady flow ii) Non-uniform
flow iii) Rotational flow iv) Laminer flow.
State Bernoulli’s theorem. Write the assumptions made in it.
W2008
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4
4
W2008
4
S2009
2
S2009
4
S2009
4
S2009
8
S2009
6
W2009
S2010
4
W2009
4
W2009
6
S2010
2
S2010
4
S2010
4
W2010
4
W2010
4
W2010
4
W2010
4
12
Year : SYME (2014-15)
Sub: Fluid Mechanics & Machinery (17411)
74
Find the total energy of flowing water from the following
data in KJ
Diameter of pipe – 1200mm
Flow rate – 360 lps
Pressure - 3 bar
Location of pipe – 3000 mm from ground level.
75 Define “laminar flow” and “turbulent flow”
76
77
A 5m long tapered pipe is inclined at an angle of 150 with
horizontal. Diameter of the pipe at top end is 0.24m and that
at bottom end is 0.08m. Find the pressure difference between
the two ends if the velocity of water at bottom end is 2 m/s.
An orifice meter with orifice diameter 15 cm is inserted in a
pipe of 30cm diameter. The pressure gauge fitted upstream
and downstream of the orifice meter gives reading of 14.715
N/cm2 and 9.81 N/cm2 respectively. Find the rate of flow of
water through the pipe in liters/sec. Take Cd – 0.6
W2010
4
Sample
Question
Paper
2
Sample
Question
Paper
4
Sample
Question
Paper
4
13
Year : SYME (2014-15)
Sub: Fluid Mechanics & Machinery (17411)
Assignment No. 4
Flow Through Pipes
Sr.
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Question
Write the equation of power transmission by fluid in pipe
& obtain the condition for maximum power transmission.
Calculate the discharge through a pipe of diameter
200mm when difference of pressure head between two
ends of pipe 500m apart is 4m of water. Take value of
f=0.009 in the formula hf = 4flv2/2gd.
Explain Darcy’s & Chezy’s equation for frictional losses.
Calculate discharge through a pipe of diameter 200mm
when the difference of pressure head between two ends of
pipe 500 m apart is 4m of water. Take f = 0.009.
A 30 cm pipe carrying water , branches into two pipes of
20 cm & 15 cm diameter.If mean velocity in 30 cm pipe is
2.5 m/s, find the discharge in the pipe. Also find velocity
in 15cm pipe the mean velocity in 20 cm pipe is 2m/s.
A pipe of diameter 25cm is suddenly enlarged to diameter
of 50 cm.If pipe carries 350 lit/sec . Find the loss of head
due to expansion.
Write two effects & two remedial measures for water
hammer.
Explain water hammer. How it is minimized?
9 Explain Hydraulic Gradient Line and Total Energy Line
10
11
A pipe 850 m long connects two reservoirs whose level
difference is 50 m. find the discharge in pipe in liters/sec, if
diameter of pipe is 0.5 m. Take all losses into account.
Assume f=0.01
What are the major and minor losses in pipe.
12
State and explain minor losses in pipe fittings and valves
13
Explain Laws of fluid friction?
14
Write Darcy’s equation for flow through pipe and explain
all the terms with units.
Exam
Marks
S2014
4
S2014
4
S2014
4
W2014
4
W2014
4
W2014
4
W2014
4
Sample Paper
G Scheme
Sample Paper
G Scheme
3
4
Sample Paper
G Scheme
4
Sample Paper
G Scheme
Sample Paper
G Scheme
Sample Paper
G Scheme
Sample Paper
G Scheme
2
4
4
4
14
Year : SYME (2014-15)
15
Sub: Fluid Mechanics & Machinery (17411)
Identify all losses of arrangement shown in the fig.-1 and
give their appropriate formulae
Velocity = V1
d1
l1
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
Sample Paper
E Scheme
4
Sample Paper
E Scheme,
W2012
4
Sample Paper
E Scheme
8
S2011
2
S2011, W2012
4
S2011
4
W2011, S2012
4
W2011
8
S2012
2
S2012
4
S2012
8
Velocity = V2
d2
l2
Find the head loss due to friction in pipe of diameter 30 cm
and length 50 m through which water is flowing at
velocity3m/sec use Darcy’s formula. Take kinematic
viscosity as 0.01stokes.
Water at a head of 300 m is supplied to a pipe of diameter 40
cm and length 4m. Assume f = 0.009. Calculate the
following.
i. Power transmitted when velocity is 1.5 m/s.
ii. Maximum power transmitted.
iii. Power transmitted when velocity is 3.2 m/s.
iv. Draw the graph power transmitted v/s velocity.
Write Chezy’s equation. State the meaning of each term.
A pipe 850 m long connects two reservoirs whose level
difference is 50 m. Find the discharge in pipe in liters/sec,
if diameter of pipe is 0.5 m. Take all losses into account.
Assume f = 0.01
Find the maximum power that can be transmitted by a
power station through a hydraulic pipe 3 km long and 0.2
m diameter. The pressure at the power station is 60 bars.
Take f=0.0075
With the help of a neat sketch explain Hydraulic gradient
line and total energy line.
A pipe line consist of 10 cm diameter for 105 meter and
7.2 cm for the next 68 m. carries water at the rate of 22
lit/sec if f=0.0005 Determine Major and Minor losses.
State laws of fluid friction for steady streamline flow.
A pipe of 60 meters long and 150 mm in diameter is
connected to a water tank at one end and flows freely into
the atmosphere at the other end. The height of water level
in the tank is 2.6 meters above the centre of the pipe. The
pipe is horizontal and f = 0.01. determine the discharge
through the pipe in litres/s, if all the minor losses are to be
considered.
Write short notes on
i) Darcy’s equation.
ii) Hydraulic power transmission through pipes
15
Year : SYME (2014-15)
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Sub: Fluid Mechanics & Machinery (17411)
What is ‘Vena-contracta’ related to Orifice meter? A 60
mm diameter orifice is discharging water under a head of
9 meters. Calculate the actual discharge through orifice in
litres per second and actual velocity of the jet in m/s at
vena contracta, if Cd = 0.625 and Cv = 0.98
Calculate the discharge through a pipe at diameter
200mm when the difference of pressure head between the
two ends of pipe 500m apart is 4m of water. Take the
𝟒 𝐟.𝐋.𝐕 𝟐
value of f=0.009 in the formula hf =
𝐝 𝐗 𝟐𝐠
Water is flowing through a horizontal pipe of diameter
200 mm at a velocity of 3 m/s. A circular solid state plate
of diameter 150mm is placed in the pipe to obstruct the
flow. Find the loss of head due to obstruction in the pipe if
Cc=0.62.
State Darcy’s & Chezy’s equation for frictional losses.
State the equations of losses due to sudden expansion and
sudden contraction of pipes.
State Darcy’s and Chezy’s equation for frictional losses.
State the equations of losses due to sudden expansion and
sudden contraction of pipes.
Water is flowing through a horizontal pipe of diameter
200 mm at a velocity of 3 m/s. A circular solid plate of
diameter 150 mm is placed in the pipe to obstruct the
flow. Find the loss of head due to obstruction in the pipe if
Cc = 0.62
Write darcy’s equation for determine the loss of head due
to friction in pipes.
A a400 mm diameter pipe 350meters long connects 2
reservoirs. If the through the pipe is 0.4 m3per sec. find
difference in elevation between the water surface of the
two reservoirs . consider ball losses take f coefficient of
friction =0.006
A pipe of diameter 300 mm and length 3500 m is used for
the transmission of power by water . the total head at the
inlet of the pipe is 500m . Find the maximum power
available at the outlet of the pipe. If the value of f=0.006
List the major and minor losses in a flow through pipe. Give
appropriate formulae.
A pipe line AB of diameter 300 mm and of length 400 m
carries at the rate of 50 lps. The flow takes place from A to B
where point B is 30 m above A. Find the pressure at A if the
pressure at B is 19.62 N/cm2. Take F = 0.008.
That are the major and minor losses in a flow through pipe?
Explain.
The pressure at the inlet of a pipeline is 1000 Kpa and
pressure drop is 200 Kpa. The pipeline is 1.5 km long. If 100
S2012
8
W2012, W2013
8
W2012
8
W2012
2
W2012
2
S2013
2
S2013
2
S2013
8
W2013
2
W2013
4
W2013
4
S2008
4
S2008
6
W2008
4
W2008
8
16
Year : SYME (2014-15)
Sub: Fluid Mechanics & Machinery (17411)
kW is to be transmitted over this pipeline, find the diameter
of the pipe and efficiency of transmission. Take f = 0.006
41
State the meaning of HGL and TEL. Show HGL and TEL in
the fig.
S2009
4
S2009
6
W2009
4
W2009
4
W2009
8
S2010
S2010
2
4
S2010
4
W2010
2
W2010
4
d1
d2
l1
d3
l2
l3
42
51
The difference in water surface levels in two tanks, which are
connected by three pipes in series of lengths 300 m, 150 m,
200 m and of dia. 30 cm, 20 cm, 40 cm resp. is 15 m. Find
rate of flow of water in lit./s if coe. Of friction are 0.005,
0.0052, 0.0048 resp. neglecting minor losses.
State the laws of fluid friction for turbulent flow.
Find the head lost due to friction in a pipe of diameter 300
mm and length 50 m, through which water is flowing at a
velocity of 3 m/sec. Using :
i) Darcy’s formula
ii) Chezy’s formula for which C = 60 take F = 0.0256
Obtain the condition for maximum transmission of power
through the pipe.
Write Darcy’s equation to find loss of head due to friction.
List different types of minor losses.
Pipe diameter 25cm is suddenly enlarged to diameter of
50cm. If pipe carries 350 lit/s. Find loss of head due to
expansion.
Write the formula for head lost due to friction. State the
meaning of each term.
A pipe of diameter 300mm and length 3500m is used for the
transmission of power by water. The total head at the inlet of
pipe is 500m. Find the maximum power available at the
outlet of the pipe, if the value of f=0.006
What are the major and minor losses in pipe.
52
Find the head lost due to friction in pipe of diameter 30 cm
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
Sample Question
paper
Sample Question
17
2
4
Year : SYME (2014-15)
53
Sub: Fluid Mechanics & Machinery (17411)
and length 50 m through water is flowing at velocity 3m/s.
paper
Use darcy’s formula. Take kinematic viscosity as 0.01 stokes.
Water at a head of 300m is supplied to a pipe of diameter
40cm and length 4m. Assume f= 0.009. Calculate the
following
iii)
Power transmitted when velocity is 1.5 m/s Sample Question
iv)
Maximum power transmitted.
paper
v)
Power transmitted when velocity is 3.2 m/s
vi)
Draw the graph power transmitted v/s
velocity
18
4
Year : SYME (2014-15)
Sub: Fluid Mechanics & Machinery (17411)
Assignment No. 5
Impact of Jet
Sr.
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Question
Write the formula for force exerted by a jet on the curved
plate ,when jet strikes the plate at the centre.
A jet of water 10cm diameter strikes on a flat plate with a
velocity of 18m/s.The plate is moving with a velocity of
9m/s in the direction of jet & away from the jet. Find the
efficiency of the jet.
A horizontal jet of water is delivered under an effective
head of 25m. Calculate the diameter of the jet if the force
exerted by the jet on a vertical fixed plate is 2.22kN. Take
coefficient of velocity as 0.99.
A jet of water 50mm diameter , moving with a velocity of
15 m/s impinges on a series of vanes moving with a
velocity of 6m/s. Find efficiency of the jet.
Write the formulae of force exerted by the jet of water on
moving vertical plate & work done.
A jet of water of diameter 75mm moving with velocity of
25 m/s strikes a fixed plate in such a way that angle
between jet & plate is 600 .Find the force exerted by the jet
on plate –
(1) In the direction normal to plate.
(2) In the direction of jet
A jet of water of diameter 50mm moving with velocity of
40m/s , strikes a curved fixed symmetrical plate at the
centre. Find the force exerted by the jet of water in the
direction through an angle of 1200 at outlet of curved
plate.
Derive the equation of force exerted by the jet on inclined
moving plate in direction of jet.
Define the term Impact of jet.
A jet of water of diameter 10 cm strikes a flat plate
normally with a velocity of 15 m/sec. The plate is moving
with a velocity of 6m/sec in the direction of jet. Find: i)
The force exerted by the jet on the plate ii) Work done by
the jet on the plate per sec.
A jet of water is moving with velocity of 20m/sec impinges
at the centre of curved vane, which deflects it through
1500 . Find the force acting on the fixed vane in direction
of jet, if the vane is symmetrical and smooth. What will be
the resultant force per Newton of water?
Derive an expression for Force exerted by a jet of dia. ‘d’
strike on a flat plate moving with a velocity ‘v’
Exam
Marks
W2014
2
W2014
4
W2014
4
W2014
4
S2014
4
S2014
4
S2014
4
S2014
4
Sample Paper
G Scheme
2
Sample Paper
G Scheme
4
Sample Paper
G Scheme
4
Sample Paper
G Scheme
8
19
Year : SYME (2014-15)
Sub: Fluid Mechanics & Machinery (17411)
13
Define the term impact of jet.
14
A jet of water of 5 cm diameter with a velocity of 12 m/s
strikes a fixed curved vane at an angle of 35and the jet
leaves the vane at an angle of 20. If there no frictional
losses, find the normal and tangential forces of the jet on the
vane.
Draw a neat ketch for impact of jet on a moving vertical flat
plate and write the formula to determine the work done with
the meaning of each term.
A jet of water of 0.05 m diameter with a velocity of 15 m/s
impinges on a series of vanes moving with a velocity of 6 m/s.
Find i) Force exerted by the jet, ii) Work done by the jet,
iii) Kinetic energy of the jet and iv) Efficiency of the jet.
A jet of water strikes on series of cup shaped vanes which
deflect it through 1650. If the velocity of jet is that
corresponding to a head of 40m and velocity of vanes is such
that the efficiency is maximum. Find the work done on vane
per kg of water.
Draw a neat sketch for impact of jet on a moving vertical
flat plate and write the formula to determine the work done
with the meaning of each term.
A jet of water 80 mm diameter moving with a velocity 20
m/sec, strikes a stationary plate. Find the normal force on
the plate, when
i)
The plate is normal to the jet
ii)
The angle between jet and the plate is 300.
A jet of water diameter 5 cm and velocity 30 m/sec striking
on a curved blade having an angle 1350 at outlet, determine
force workdone and efficiency if
i)
A single fixed blade
ii)
A single moving blade moves with 18 m/sec in the
direction of jet
Define the term impact of jet.
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
A jet of water 50 mm diameter is discharging under a
constant head of 70 meters. Find the force exerted by
the jet on a fixed plate. Take coefficient of velocity as
0.9
A jet of water 75 mm in diameter having velocity of
20 m/s. strikes of the flat plates arranged around the
periphery of a wheel such that each plate appears
successively before the jet. If the plates are moving at
a velocity of 5 m/s, compute the force exerted by the
jet on the plate, the work done per second on the
plate and the efficiency of the jet.
Write any four losses in pipe
A jet of water 50 mm diameter , moving with a velocity of
Sample Paper
E Scheme
2
Sample Paper
E Scheme
4
Sample Paper
E Scheme
4
Sample Paper
E Scheme
4
S2011
4
S2011
4
S2011
4
W2011
8
S2011, W2012,
S2012
2
S2012
4
S2012
4
W2012
W2012
2
8
20
Year : SYME (2014-15)
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
Sub: Fluid Mechanics & Machinery (17411)
15m/sec . impinges on a series of vanes moving with a
velocity of 6m/sec. Find 1)Force exerted by the jet .
2) Workdone by the jet .3)Efficincy
Draw a neat sketch of jet on a fixed vertical flat plate and
write the formula to determine force exerted by the jet and
state the meaning of each term .
Draw inlet and outlet velocity diagram of impact of jet on
moving curved vanes.
Define the terms impact of jets and jet propulsion.
State the formulae of force exerted by a jet on flat vertical
plate moving in the direction of jets.
Water is flowing through a pipe at the end of which a nozzle
is fitted. The diameter of nozzle is 100 mm and the head of
water at the centre of nozzle is 100 m. Find the force exerted
by the jet of water on a fixed vertical plate. The co-efficient
of velocity is given as 0.95.
Find the force of impact of jet when it strikes on a flat plate
at right angle when the plate is fixed.
A jet of water of 60 mm diameter strikes a curved vane at
the centre with a velocity of 18 m/sec. The curve vane is
moving with a velocity of 6 m/sec in the direction of the jet.
The jet is deflected through an angle of 1650. Assume the
plate to be smooth. Find
i) Force on the plate in the direction of jet
ii) Power of the jet.
A nozzle of 50 mm in diameter delivers a stream of water
at 20 m/sec perpendicular to plate that moves away from
the jet at 5 m/s. Find
i) Force exerted by the jet
ii) Work done by the jet and
iii) efficiency of the jet.
Draw inlet and outlet velocity diagram of impact of jet
when jet strikes tangentially at one of the tips on curve
vane
A jet of water 50 mm in diameter, moving with a velocity 15
m/s, impinges on a series of vanes moving with a velocity of
6 m/s. Find
i) Force exerted by the jet
ii) Work done by the jet and
iii) efficiency of the jet.
A jet of water of diameter 7.5 cm strikes a curved plate at its
centre with a velocity of 20 m/sec. The curved plate is
moving with a velocity of 8 m/sec. in the direction of jet. The
jet is deflected through an angle of 1650. Assuming plate to
be smooth. Find
i) Force exerted on the plate
ii) Power of the jet
iii) Efficiency of jet
W2012
4
W2012
4
S2013
2
S2013
2
S2013
8
W2013
2
W2013
4
W2013
4
W2013
4
S2008
4
21
Year : SYME (2014-15)
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
Sub: Fluid Mechanics & Machinery (17411)
Water is flowing through a pipe with a nozzle at one end. The
diameter of nozzle is 100 mm and head of the water at the
S2008
centre of nozzle is 100 m. Find force exerted by the jet on a
fixed vertical plate. Take coefficient of velocity as 0.98
A jet of water 50 mm in diameter, moving with a velocity 15
m/s, impinges on a series of vanes moving with a velocity of
6 m/s. Find
W2008
i) Force exerted by the jet
ii) Work done by the jet and
iii) efficiency of the jet.
A flat plate is stuck normally by jet of water 50 mm in
diameter with velocity of 25 m/s. Calculate work done per
S2009
second.
Why single flat plate moving continuously in one direction is
not useful in actual practice? What is done in actual practice,
S2009
show by sketch.
A jet of water of diameter 10 cm strikes a flat plate normally
with a velocity of 15 m/sec. The plate is moving with a
velocity of 6 m/sec in the direction of jet. Find
W2009
i) Force exerted by the jet on the plate
ii) Work done by the jet on the plate per sec.
A jet of water having a velocity of 40 m/s strikes a curved
vane, which is moving with a velocity of 20 m/s. The jet
makes an angle of 300 with the direction of motion of vane at
inlet and leaves at angle of 900 to the direction of motion of
W2009
vane at outlet. Draw the velocity triangles at inlet and outlet
and determine the vane angles at inlet and outlet so that the
water enters and leaves the vane without shock.
State the procedure for drawing the inlet and outlet triangles
S2009
for moving curved vanes with usual notations. [ Note: Jet
W2009
striking a moving curved vanes at one of the tips]
A jet of water 50 mm in dia. Under constant head of 50m
impinges on a fixed blade normally. Find force exerted by jet
S2010
if coefficient of velocity is 0.95.
A jet of water having velocity 35 m/sec impinges on a series
of vanes moving with velocity 20m/sec. The jet makes an
angle of 300 to the direction of motion of vanes when
entering and leaving an angle of 1200. Draw triangles of
velocities at inlet and outlet,Find –
S2010
1. Angle of vane tip so that enters and leaves with out
stock.
2. Work done per unit weight of water entering vanes
3. Efficiency
A jet of water having velocity 15m/sec strikes a curved vane
which is moves with velocity of 5m/sec in the same direction
W2010
as that of jet at inlet. The vane is so shaped that the jet is
deflected through 1350. The dia of jet is 100mm.Assume vane
4
8
4
4
4
4
6
4
6
4
22
Year : SYME (2014-15)
47
48
Sub: Fluid Mechanics & Machinery (17411)
to be smooth, find:
1. Force exerted by jet on the vane in the direction of
motion
2. Power output of a vane
3. Efficiency of a vane
A tank has two identical orifices in one of its vertical sides.
The upper orifice is 3m below the water surface and lower
W2010
one is 5m below the water surface. If the value of Cv for each
orifice is 0.96, find the intersection of two jets.
A pipe of dia 300mm and length 3500m is used for the
transmission power by water. The total head at the inlet of the
W2010
pipe is 500m. Find the max. power available at the outlet of
the pipe, if the value of f=0.006.
6
6
23
Year : SYME (2014-15)
Sub: Fluid Mechanics & Machinery (17411)
Assignment No. 6
Hydraulic Turbines
Sr.
No.
1`
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
Question
Classify the hydraulic turbine.
A Pelton wheel is having a mean bucket diameter of 1m
and running at 1000 rpm. A net head on pelton wheel is
700m.If the side clearance angle (Φ) is 150 and discharge
through nozzle is 0.1 m3/s. Find (i) Power available at
nozzle
(ii) Hydraulic efficiency of nozzle.
Explain construction and working of Kaplan turbine.
What is draft tube? State the types of draft tube. Explain
any one in detail.
Define cavitation and separation.
Differentiate between Francis and Kaplan turbine.
List any four commonly used draft tubes.
Compare impulse with reaction turbine .
Classify hydraulic turbines with examples.
Draw inlet & outlet velocity triangles for Francis turbine
& give the name of each term used.
Explain the working of Kaplan turbine.
Explain the function of spear and breaking jet in pelton
turbine.
Classify water turbines with an example of each.
Explain water hammer. How it is minimized?
A Pelton wheel turbine is to operate under a head of 42 m
at 430 r.p.m. If the discharge is 11.5 m3/s and turbine
efficiency is 90%, calculate power generated by the
turbine.
Explain the need of draft tube in reaction turbine.
Draw a neat labeled sketch of Pelton turbine
List the types of draft tubes.
Classify hydraulic turbines and give application of each.
Explain with a neat sketch the layout of a hydroelectric
power plant.
Explain the working of Francis turbine with a neat sketch
State different types of draft tubes for reaction turbine.
Exam
Marks
S2014
2
S2014
4
S2014
4
S2014
8
S2014
S2014
W2014
W2014
W2014
4
4
2
4
4
W2014
4
W2014
4
W2014
4
Sample Paper
G Scheme
Sample Paper
G Scheme
3
3
Sample Paper
G Scheme
4
Sample Paper
G Scheme
Sample Paper
G Scheme
Sample Paper
G Scheme
Sample Paper
G Scheme
4
4
2
4
Sample Paper
G Scheme
4
Sample Paper
G Scheme
Sample Paper
E Scheme
8
2
24
Year : SYME (2014-15)
23
24
25
Sub: Fluid Mechanics & Machinery (17411)
Distinguish between impulse turbine and reaction turbine
on the basis of principles of working, pressure head,
discharge and application.
A pelton wheel operates under a head of 300 m with a
speed ratio 0.5. The buckets are bent backwards by 300.
Determine the power developed per unit weight of water
flow.
With the help of neat sketch explain the construction and
working of Kaplan turbine.
2 6 Define cavitations in turbines.
What are different types of draft tubes. Explain any one
27
with neat sketch.
A pelton wheel 2.5 m diameter operates under the
following conditions.
Net available head = 300 m, speed = 300 rmp
Coefficient of velocity of jet = 0.98
28 Blade friction coefficient = 0.95, Blade angle = 1650
Diameter of the jet = 20 cm, Mechanical efficiency = 0.95
Determine: i)
Power developed
iii)
Hydraulic efficiency
iv)
Specific speed.
29 Compare Kaplan turbine and Fransis turbine.
Draw the inlet and outlet velocity triangle for the buckets
30
in Pelton wheel with the meaning of the terms.
31 Explain with a neat sketch Governing of a Pelton Wheel.
Why draft tube is provided in case of a Reaction Turbine.
32
Sketch elbow type circular draft tube.
Define the term ‘Specific speed’ in case of a turbine. If the
33 specific speed of a turbine is 68 rpm, determine the type
of a turbine.
What is the difference between Impulse Turbine and
34
Reaction Turbine give atleast eight points.
35 Compare Impulse turbine and Reaction Turbine
State necessity of draft tube in turbines. Explain any one
36
with neat sketch.
A pelton wheel turbine is to operate under a head of 25 m
at 200 r.p.m. If the discharge is 9 m3/s and turbine
efficiency is 900 %, calculate power generated by the
37
turbine, specific speed of the turbine and performance of
turbine under a head of 20 m. Also state the type of
turbine.
Draw a layout of Hydro- electric power plant and write
38
function of its major components.
How are hydraulic turbines classified according to the
39
action of water?
40 A Fransis turbine produces 3160 kW under a head of 144
Sample Paper
E Scheme
4
Sample Paper
E Scheme
8
Sample Paper
E Scheme,
W2012
S2011
8
2
S2011
4
S2011
8
S2011
8
W2011
4
W2011
4
W2011
4
W2011
4
W2011
8
S2012
2
S2012
4
S2012
8
S2012
8
W2012
2
W2012
8
25
Year : SYME (2014-15)
41
42
Sub: Fluid Mechanics & Machinery (17411)
m at an overall efficiency of 86%. It rotates at 1000 rpm.
Taking speed ratio as 0.9 and flow ratio as 0.3 Find the
guide blade angle, vane angle at inlet, diameter of runner
and width of the runner at inlet. Assume radial discharge
and hydraulic efficiency of 9%
State principle of working of Impulse turbine
What is cavitation in turbines
Explain with a neat sketch, the construction and working
of Pelton wheel.
What is the function of Draft Tube? Expalin with neat
44
sketches, the various types of draft tubes.
A Pelton wheel is supplied with water under a head of 35
m at the rate of 40.5 kilo litre/min. The bucket deflects the
45 jet through an angle of 1600 and the mean bucket speed is
13 m/s. Calculate the power and hydraulic efficiency of
the turbine.
4 6 State the function of draft tube in reaction turbine.
The following data is given for a Fransis turbine
Net head = 70 m, shaft power = 330 kw, speed = 700 rpm,
ηoverall = 85 %
Ηhydraulic = 92 %, flow ratio = 0.22, Breadth ratio = 0.1
Outer diameter of runner = 2 X Inner diameter of runner
The thickness of vanes occupy 6% of circumferential area
47 of runner. Velocity of flow is constant at inlet.
Outer discharge is radial at outlet.
Determine:
i) Rate of flow
ii) Guide blade angle
iii) Inner and outer diameter of runner.
iv) Runner vane angle at inlet.
Give selection criteria for a Turbine at a particular
48
location/place.
A pelton wheel working under a head of 50 m develops 80
49 KW at 230 rpm. Calculate the diameter of jet if the overall
efficiency is 78 %. Assume Cv = 0.98
Draw outlet velocity triangles for slow, medium and fast
50
runner of a pelton wheel with usual notations.
51 State the function of nozzle in a Pelton turbine.
52 Draw a layout of a hydro-electric power plant and explain.
A pelton wheel working under a head of 500 meters,
produces 13000 kW at 430 rpm. If the efficiency of the wheel
is 85 % determine
53
i) the discharge of turbine
ii) diameter of wheel and
iii) diameter of nozzle
54 Differentiate between Impulse Turbine and Reaction Turbine.
43
S2013
2
S2013
2
W2012,
S2013, W2013
8
S2013
8
S2013
8
W2013
2
W2013
8
W2013
8
S2008
8
S2008
6
W2008
W2008
2
8
W2008
6
W2008
6
26
Year : SYME (2014-15)
Sub: Fluid Mechanics & Machinery (17411)
55 Explain the construction and working of a Kaplan Turbine.
5 6 Classify turbines according to direction of flow.
Two jet strike the buckets of pelton turbine which is having
shaft power as 15500 kW. The diameter of each jet is 200
57
mm. If net available head on the turbine is 400 mm. Find
overall eff. Of turbine. Take Cv = 1.0
State name of turbine you select for.
 High speed and minimum discharge
58
 Minimum discharge and high head
 Moderate discharge and head
 Max. discharge and low head
A pelton wheel having semi circular buckets is 1 m in dia.
Pressure head at nozzle when it is closed is 15 bar. The
59 discharge when nozzle is open is 3.5 m3/min. If speed is 600
rpm. Calculate power developed and hydraulic efficiency.
Take Cv = 0,98, ηo = 85 %
State the types of draft tubes.
60
Draw a neat sketch of Pelton wheel showing all important
components. Give complete classification of ‘Pelton wheel’.
State the shape of bucket.
61
An inward flow reaction turbine has external and internal
diameters as 1 m and 0.5 m respectively. The velocity of flow
through the runner is constant and is equal to 1.5 m/s.
62 Determine:
i) Discharge through the runner.
ii) Width of the turbine at outlet if the width of the
turbine at inlet = 200 mm.
A pelton wheel is having a mean bucket diameter of 1 m and
is running at 1000 r.p.m. The net head on the Pelton wheel is
700 m. If jet gets deflected through an angle of 1650 and
63
discharge through nozzle is 0.1 m3/s. Find:
i) Power available at the nozzle and
ii) Hydraulic efficiency of the turbine
S2009
6
2
S2009
4
S2009
4
S2009
4
W2009
2
W2009
4
W2009
8
W2009
6
W2008
27
Year : SYME (2014-15)
Sub: Fluid Mechanics & Machinery (17411)
Assignment No. 7
(Centrifugal Pumps)
Sr.
No.
1
2
3
4
Question
16
Define slip & negative slip.
Define NPSH for Centrifugal pump.
Explain the working of jet pump.
A centrifugal pump is to discharge water at the rate of
110 lit/sec at the speed of 1450 rpm against head of 13m.
Impeller diameter 250mm & its width is 50mm. If
manometric efficiency is 75% , determine vane angle at
outer periphery.
Explain the working of self priming device.
Define the following for centrifugal pump :
(i)
Static head
(ii)
Manometric head
(iii) Mechanical efficiency
(iv)
Manometric efficiency
Explain ideal indicator diagram of reciprocating pump.
Explain the working of double acting reciprocating pump.
Write the types of impellers & casing of Centrifugal
pump.
A centrifugal pump having outer diameter equql to two
times the inner diameter & running at 1000rpm works
against a total head of 40m. Velocity of flow through
impeller is constant & equal to 2.5 m/s.The vanes are set
back at an angle at 400 at outlet. If diameter of impeller is
500 mm & width at outlet is 50 mm. Calculate :
(i)
Discharge
(ii)
Vane angle at inlet
(iii) W.D. by impeller on water per second
(iv)
Manometric efficiency
What is multistage pumps? Explain construction &
working of multistage pumps.
Define :
(i)
NPSH
(ii)
Manometric efficiency
Explain the methods of priming in brief.
Explain the construction & working of single acting &
double acting reciprocating pump in brief with neat
sketch.
State and draw different types of impellers in centrifugal
pumps with application of each
Explain the concept of cavitation in pumps
17
Explain with a neat sketch working of submersible pump.
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Exam
Marks
W2014
W2014
W2014
2
2
4
W2014
8
W2014
4
W2014
4
W2014
W2014
4
8
S2014
2
S2014
8
S2014
8
S2014
4
S2014
4
S2014
8
Sample Paper
G Scheme
Sample Paper
G Scheme
Sample Paper
G Scheme
4
4
4
28
Year : SYME (2014-15)
18
Sub: Fluid Mechanics & Machinery (17411)
22
Explain the working of centrifugal pump with a neat labeled
sketch.
State the meaning of ‘NPSH’ with reference to centrifugal
pumps.
A centrifugal pump delivers 30 litres of water per second to
a height of 18 meters through a pipe 90 m long and 100 mm
diameter . If the overall efficiency of the pump is 75%. Find
the power required to drive the pump. Take f=0.012
Explain the construction and working of jet pump with a
neat diagram
Define Manometric Head and Manometric Efficiency
23
List the various losses in Centrifugal pump.
24
With the help a neat labeled sketch, explain in brief the
functioning of “volute casing” of a centrifugal pump.
State any four reasons for the fault “no liquid delivered” in
Sample Paper
fault finding of centrifugal pump? Suggest probable
E Scheme
remedies also.
A centrifugal pump having impeller diameters 0.3 m and 0.6
m at inlet and outlet respectively is running at 1000 rpm.
The vanes are curved back at an angle of 30at outlet. If the Sample Paper
E Scheme
velocity of flow through the impeller is 3 m/s constant.
Find i) Vane angle at inlet and
ii) Work done per kg of water on the wheel.
What is priming?
S2011, S2013
Explain construction and working of submersible pump.
S2011
Write any eight applications of centrifugal pump.
S2011
State and explain the possible causes if centrifugal pump fail
S2011, W2012
to start pumping.
What is priming? Why it is required in case of a centrifugal
W2011, S2012
pump.
List out the various types of casings used in centrifugal
W2011
pump and draw neat sketch of volute casing.
Centrifugal pump not delivering water give atleast four
W2011
reasons and remedies.
A Centrifugal pump works against 10 m at 1000 rpm. The
vanes are curved back at an angle of 300 to the tangent at the
outer periphery. The impeller diameter is 30 cm and has
W2011
width 5 cm at outlet. Determine the discharge if manometric
efficiency is 95%, also determine power required to operate
overall efficiency is 65%
What is NPSH related to centrifugal pump?
S2012
A centrifugal pump delivers 30 litres of water per second to
a height of 18 metres through a pipe 90 m long and of 100
S2012
mm diameter. If overall efficiency of the pump is 75%. Find
the power required to drive the pump. Take f = 0.012
Define cavitation in centrifugal pump.
W2012
What is meant by multistage pump? Explain multistage
W2012
19
20
21
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
Sample Paper
G Scheme
Sample Paper
G Scheme
8
2
Sample Paper
G Scheme
8
Sample Paper
G Scheme
Sample Paper
G Scheme
Sample Paper
E Scheme
Sample Paper
E Scheme
8
8
2
4
4
8
2
4
4
8
4
4
4
8
4
8
2
4
29
Year : SYME (2014-15)
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
Sub: Fluid Mechanics & Machinery (17411)
pump with impeller in series.
Draw and explain the main characteristics curves of
centrifugal pump in following cases.
i)
Discharge Vs Hm
ii)
Discharge Vs Overall efficiency
Define suction and delivery head.
Define static and manometric head.
Explain with a neat sketch, the principle and working of a
centrifugal pump.
Explain with neat sketches the types of casings and impellers
of a centrifugal pump.
The internal and external diameters of impeller of
centrifugal pump are 200 mm and 400 mm respectively.
The pump is running at 1200 rpm. The vane angles at
inlet and outlet are 200 and 300 respectively. The water
enters the impeller radially and velocity of flow is
constant. Determine the workdone by the impeller per
unit weight of water.
What is priming? Why it is necessary for centrifugal
pumps?
What is the difference between single stage pump and
submercible pump? Describe multistatge pump with
impellers in parallel.
Write any four operational difficulties commonly
experienced in centrifugal pump and their remedies.
A centrifugal pump having outer diameter equal to two
times the inner diameter and running at 1000 rpm works
against a total head of 40 m. The velocity of flow through the
impeller is constant and equal to 2.5 m/sec. The vanes are set
back at an angle of 400 at outlet. If the outer of the impeller
is 500 mm and width at outlet is 50 mm determine:
i)
Vane angle at inlet
ii)
Work done by impeller on water per second
iii)
Manometric efficiency.
State hydraulic function of casing which is used for
centrifugal pump.
What is ‘NPSH’ for centrifugal pump? How it is calculated?
What is significance in the installation of centrifugal pump?
What is priming? Why it is necessary for centrifugal pumps?
Draw inlet and outlet velocity triangles for impeller of
centrifugal pump when the impeller is having –
i)
Backward curved vane
ii)
Radial vane
iii)
Forward curved vane.
Explain the different types of casing for a centrifugal pump.
A centrifugal pump delivers 30 litres of water per second to a
height of 18 meters through a pipe 90 m long and 100 mm
diameter. If the overall efficiency of the pump is 75 % Find
W2012
8
S2013
S2013
2
2
S2013
8
S2013
8
S2013, S2008
8
W2013
2
W2013
4
W2013
4
W2013
8
S2008
2
S2008
4
S2008
4
S2008
8
W2008
6
W2008
6
30
Year : SYME (2014-15)
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
Sub: Fluid Mechanics & Machinery (17411)
the power required to drive the pump. Take f = 0.012
Draw neat labeled sketch of
iv)
Vortex casing
v)
Volute casing
State the meaning of NPSH. A centrifugal pump has an
impeller with outer dia. Of 70 cm and inner dia. Of 35 cm.
Angles of vane at inlet and outlet are 400 and 250 resp. The
width at the inlet is 7 cm and outlet 3 cm. Pump runs at 1440
rpm. Assume radial entry at inlet of the pump and vanes bent
backwards, calculate discharge, power required to drive the
pump.
State any three troubles and their remedies commonly
experienced during operation of centrifugal pump.
Draw a neat labeled sketch of multi stage centrifugal of
pump. Why priming is necessary? Give reason.
Define ‘Suction Lift’ and ‘Suction Head’ for a centrifugal
pump. Draw the block diagram showing the position of
centrifugal pump with respect to suction lift and suction head.
In which position priming is not necessary?
Name different types of casing used for centrifugal pump.
Explain any one of them with neat sketch and label sketch.
The outer diameter of an impeller of a centrifugal pump is
400 mm and outlet width 50 mm. The pump is running at 800
r.p.m. and is working against a total head of 15 m. The vane
angle at outlet is 400 and manometric efficiency is 75%.
Determine:
vi)
Velocity of flow at outlet
vii)
Velocity of water leaving the vane
viii) Angle made by the absolute at outlet with
the direction of motion at outlet and
ix)
Discharge
List the different type of casing used in centrifugal pump with
their application.
A centrifugal pump has an impeller of 500mm external dia
and 350mm internal dia and runs at 1000rpm. The vanes are
set back an angle of 300 to outer rim. If radial velocity of
water through impeller is maintained constant at 2m/sec.
Find:
1. Angles at inlet
2. Velocity of water outlet
3. The work done when velocity at inlet circumference
of the wheel is half the velocity of outer
circumference of the wheel.
State any two faults in centrifugal pumps and their remedies.
Stat any four reasons for the fault “no liquid delivered” in
fault finding of the centrifugal pump.
S2009
4
S2009
8
S2009
6
W2009
8
W2009
4
W2009
8
W2009
6
S2010
4
S2010
6
S2010
6
W2010
4
31
Year : SYME (2014-15)
66
67
Sub: Fluid Mechanics & Machinery (17411)
Define the following terms with respect to centrifugal pump:
1. Total head
2. Manomatric head
3. Manometric efficiency
4. Overall efficiency
A centrifugal pump is to discharge water at the rate of 110
litres/sec at the speed of 1450rpm.Against the head of 23m.
The impeller dia is 250mm and its width is 50mm. If
manometric efficiency is 75% determine vane angle at outer
periphery.
W2010
4
W2010
6
32
Year : SYME (2014-15)
Sub: Fluid Mechanics & Machinery (17411)
Assignment No. 8 (Reciprocating Pumps)
Sr.
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Question
Exam
State the function of air vessel.
Sample Paper
G Scheme,
W2013
2
Sample Paper
G Scheme
4
Sample Paper
G Scheme
4
Sample Paper
G Scheme
8
Define
i) Negative Slip
ii) State the working principle of single acting
reciprocating pump
Describe separation and cavitation in pumps?
Draw and explain indicator diagram for a single acting
reciprocating pump with effect of acceleration head and
frictional head.
Define separation in Reciprocating pump.
Draw the indicator diagram considering both acceleration
head and friction head for reciprocating pump.
Explain the construction and working of double acting
reciprocating Pump with the help of neat sketch. Why the
reciprocating pump is called as the Positive displacement
pump.
Define i) Slip ii) Negative slip
Define the term ‘Negative Slip’ why it takes place in case of
Reciprocating pump.
What is the difference between Centrifugal pump and
Reciprocating pump. Give atleast eight points.
With the help of neat indicator diagram explain the
separation and Cavitation in the Reciprocating pump. What
are the effects and how to minimize it.
Explain the concept of vapour pressure.
Explain construction, working principle and applications
of double acting reciprocating pumps.
High speed is not desirable in reciprocating pump. Give
reasons. State advantages of air vessel when used on
suction side.
What is negative slip in reciprocating pump?
Draw the indicator diagram with effect of ‘acceleration
head’ and ‘friction head’ for single acting reciprocating
pump. Why aie vessel is required for reciprocating pump.
What is i) Slip ii) Negative slip
Compare reciprocating pump and centrifugal pump (any
eight points)
Draw the indicator diagram for reciprocating pump and
show effects of acceleration head and frictional head on it.
Explain with a neat sketch, the principle of working of a
single reciprocating pump. Also brieflt explain about the
Marks
Sample Paper
E Scheme
Sample Paper
E Scheme
2
8
Sample Paper
E Scheme
S2012
8
S2011
2
W2011
4
W2011
8
W2011
8
S2011, W2012
4
S2011
8
S2011
8
S2012
2
S2012
8
W2012
2
W2012, W2013
8
W2012
8
S2013
8
33
Year : SYME (2014-15)
Sub: Fluid Mechanics & Machinery (17411)
phenomena ‘Slip’
21 Explain the working of double acting reciprocating pump
with neat sketch and write its applications compare it
with single acting reciprocating pump.
22 Define “slip” in case of reciprocating pump.
23 Distinguish between centrifugal pump and reciprocating
pump on the basis of working principle, pressure head and
discharge.
24 Describe with a neat sketch the working of single acting
reciprocating pump.
25 Why is a reciprocating pump not coupled directly to the
motor? Give reason.
26 Draw a neat sketch of double acting reciprocating pump and
label the components.
27 Draw an indicator diagram with effect of accelerator head
and frictional head for a reciprocating pump.
28 What is –ve slip in case of reciprocating pump? When it
occurs? Also explain cavitation.
29 Draw theoretical indicator diagram for reciprocating pump.
30 State applications of reciprocating pump. State differences
between reciprocating pump and centrifugal pump. (any four)
31 Draw a neat and labeled indicator diagram considering the
effect of acceleration and friction in suction and delivery
pipes in case of single acting reciprocating pump.
32 What is an air vessel? Explain the function of the air vessel
for reciprocating pumps. Sketch the system. List the types of
fluid flows.
33 Explain function of air vessel related to reciprocating pump.
34 Diff. between reciprocating and centrifugal pump.
35 Draw indicator diagram considering both acceleration and
friction head for reciprocating pump.
36 What is air vessel? To which pump is used. State three main
reasons.
W2013
8
S2008
2
S2008
4
S2008
8
S2008
6
S2008
6
W2008
6
S2009
4
S2009
4
S2009
6
W2009
4
W2009
6
S2010
S2010
4
8
S2010
6
W2010
4
Note: For Class Test 2 Question Bank is from Assignment No. 3 and 6 (Bold
Questions)
34