Iliofemoral Joint (Hip)
Presented By:
Angela, Clifford, Casey
Hip Joint Cut & Labeled
A. Ligaments


Iliofemoral
ligament #3
Pubofemoral
ligament #4
® Anterior view (both)
A. Ligaments

Ischiofemoral ligament
#5
® Posterior view
A. Ligaments

Ligament of the head
(aka – ligamentum teres
femoris)
A. Ligaments


Transverse ligament of the acetabulum
Zona orbicularis
A. Ligaments

Sacrotuberous ligament

Inguinal ligament
B. Bursae



Trochanteric bursa
Ischial Bursa
Gluteofemoral bursa (aka – intermuscular bursa)
The Gluteofemoral
bursa is found here
under the muscle
F. Clinical Concerns
Piriformis Syndrome
How to get rid of a pain in the
buttocks.
It is thought to be caused by an
impingement of the sciatic
nerve by the shortening or
tightening of the piriformis
muscle.

G. Surface Anatomy


Gluteal fold (aka Gluteal sulcus)
Intergluteal cleft
G. Surface
Anatomy
Supracristal Plane (SCR)
This is best described as a transverse plane passing
through the tops or summits of the iliac crests; it
usually passes through the fourth lumbar spinous
process.

G. Surface Anatomy

Posterior Superior Iliac
Spine
G. Surface Anatomy



Sacrum
Anterior superior iliac spine
Iliac crest
G. Surface Anatomy

Tip of Greater Trochanter

Inguinal ligament
G. Surface
Anatomy
The Hip (Iliofemoral) Joint is a diarthrosis, or
synovial triaxial articulation permitting movement
in all three planes. Structural Classification: Balland-socket
Cartilage
Articular Cartilage
Acetabular Labrum
Acetabular Labrum:
projecting rim located
on the fibrocartilaginous
layer which increases
depth of joint cavity
Articular Cartilage
of Head of Femur:
opposing cartilage
surface (shown in blue)
Articular Capsule
Dense collagen fiber sleeve which surrounds the joint providing
protection and stabilization. Covers approximately the proximal
two thirds of the neck of the femur posteriorly. Synovial
Membrane: lines the joint cavity and produces synovial fluid.
Fibrous Layer: attaches proximally on the hip bone to the rim of
the acetebelum and the transverse acetabular ligament
The Hip Joint is composed
of the articulation between
the Os Coxae and the
Femur. The Os Coxae is
made up of three bones: the
Ilium, the Ishium and the
Pubis. (The Os Coxae also
articulates with the Sacrum at
the Sacroiliac Joint) The
Acetabulum is a concave
socket shared by all three
bones on the lateral surface
which articulates with the
Head of the Femur.
Movements of the Hip Joint
Circumduction
and complex
motions
Four Iliac Spines can be found
on the margins of the Ilieum.
These spines are attachment
points for muscles and ligaments
and include the AnteriorSuperior and Inferior spines
and the Posterior-Superior and
Inferior spines. The very
superior point of the Ileum is
called the Iliac Crest. Inferior to
the Iliac Crest on the medial
portion is a shallow depression
called the Iliac Fossa, or Wing.
Just inferior to the PosteriorInferior Iliac Spine lies
the Greater Sciatic Notch.
The Ischium forms the posterior, inferior portion of the Os
Coxae. The Ischial Spine projects superior to the Lesser
Sciatic Notch. The Ischial Tuberosity lies at the posterior
and lateral edge of the Ischium. The Ischial Ramus connects
the Ischium to the Pubis. The Inferior Ramus of the Pubis
meets the Ischium and extends to the Pubic Crest. Just
superior to the crest the Superior Ramus connects the
Pubis to the Ilieum. Together, the Ischium and the Pubis
encircle the Obturator Foramen.
The Symphysis Pubis, a pad of fibrocartilage, interconnects
the medial anterior surfaces of both hip bones together.
The Pubic Arch is formed by the inferior rami of the Pubis and
Ishium of the two sides.
A male pelvis has a pubic angle of 90 degrees or less.
A female pelvis has a pubic angle of 100 degrees or more.
Femur: The longest and
heaviest bone in the body
The rounded Head of the Femur
articulates with the acetabulum of the
pelvis to form the Hip Joint. The Femur
runs from the Hip Joint to articulate
with the Tibia to form the Knee Joint.
The Neck of the Femur joins the shaft
at 125 degrees.The Greater Trochanter
projects laterally. The Lesser Trochanter
projects posteriorly and medially. These
trochanters are where large tendons attach
to the Femur.
The Linea Aspera is
a prominent elevation
which runs along the
posterior surface and
serves as an attachment
site for hip muscles.
The Pectineal Line is
located just beneath the Lesser
Trochanter.
The Adductor Tubercle
is a bony prominance
which can be found just
above the medial
epicondyle.
Tibia
The Tibia articulates with
the Femur at the Medial
and Lateral Tibial
Condyles. The condyles
are separated by a ridge
called the Intercondylar
Eminence. The Tibial
Tuberosity lies near the
condyles and is large
and rough enough to be
felt through the skin.
The Anterior Margin or
Crest of the Tibia runs
from the Tibial Tuberosity
down the anterior surface.
Sites
of
Bony
Attachment
Muscles


Psoas Major
 Ant. and Lat. Surface of T12L5
 Lesser Tochanter
 Hip Flexion
 L2 and L3 nerve
Iliacus
 Iliac fossa
 Lesser trochanter
 Hip Flexion
 Femoral nerve
Psoas Major
Iliacus


Adductor Brevis
 Pubis
 Pectineal line and Prox. Linea aspera
 Hip Adduction
 Obturator nerve
 Obturator and Deep femoral artery
Adductor Magnus
 Ishcium and pubis
 Entire linea aspera and adductor
tubercle
 Hip Adduction
 Obturator nerve
 Obturator artery

Semimembranosus






Ischial tuberosity
Post. Surface of medial condyle of
Tibia
Extend hip and flex knee
Sciatic nerve
Inf. Gluteal artery
Semitendinosus





Ischial tuberosity
Anteromedial surface of Prox. Tibia
Extend hip and flex knee
Sciatic nerve
Deep femoral

Rectus Femoris






Ant. Inf. Iliac spine
Tibial tuberosity
Hip flexion, knee extention
Femoral nerve
Lat. Circumflex femoral artery
Sartorius





Ant. Sup. Iliac spine
Prox. Medial aspect of tibia
Hip flexion, abduction, lat. Rotation
Femoral nerve
Lateral circumflex femoral artery
Sartorius

Adductor Longus






Gracilis





Gracilis
Pubis
Middle one-third of the linea aspera
Hip adduction
Obturator nerve
Obturator and Deep femoral artery
Pubis
Ant. Med. Surface of Prox. end of tibia
Hip adduction
Obturator nerve
Obturator artery

Biceps Femoris
 Long head: Ischial tuberosity
 Short head: Lat. Lip of linea aspera

Fibular head

Long head: Extend hip and flex knee
Short head: Flex knee


Long head: Sciatic nerve
Short head: Common peroneal nerve

Inf. Gluteal artery



Pectineus
 Sup. Ramus of pubis
 Pectineal line of femur
 Hip flexion and adduction
 Femoral nerve
 Medial circumflex femoral artery
Tensor Fascia Latae
 Ant. Sup. Iliac spine
 Lateral condyle of tibia
 Hip flexion and abduction
 Superior gluteal nerve
 Superior gluteal artery


Gluteus Maximus
 Post. Sacrum and ilium
 Post. Femur distal to greater tochanter
 Hip extension, hyperextension, lateral
rotation
 Inferior gluteal nerve
 Superior gluteal artery
Gluteus Medius
 Lateral ilium
 Greater tochanter
 Hip abduction
 Superior gluteal nerve
 Superior gluteal artery


Gluteal minimus
 Lateral ilium
 Ant. Surface of the greater tochanter
 Hip abduction, medial rotation
 Superior gluteal nerve
 Superior gluteal artery
Piriformis
 Internal surface of sacrum,
Sacrotuberous ligament
 Sup. Border of the greater tochanter
 Lateral rotation, abduction, helps hold
femur in acetabulum
 L5, S1-S2 nerves
 Sup. And Inf. Gluteal arteries
Questions?