Power Point - Delmar Cengage Learning
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Chapter 12 Blood © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Blood • Average adult body has 8-10 pints of blood • Function of the blood – Transport – Regulatory – Protection © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Blood Composition • • • • Plasma Erythrocytes or red blood cells Leukocytes or white blood cells Thrombocytes or platelets © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Blood Plasma • Straw colored • Comprises about 55% of the blood volume • Water – 92% of the total volume of plasma • Plasma proteins – Fibrinogen – Albumin – Globulin © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Blood Plasma • • • • Nutrients Electrolytes Hormones, vitamins, and enzymes Metabolic waste products © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Red Blood Cells (RBCs) • Hematopoiesis is the formation of all blood cells • Occurs in the red bone marrow • Certain lymphatic tissue produces some white blood cells • Develop from stem cells © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Erythropoiesis • • • • The manufacture of red blood cells (RBCs) RBCs live about 120 days Process of development and breakdown Normal ranges © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Hemoglobin • Erythrocytes contain a red pigment called hemoglobin • Made of protein molecule called globin and an iron compound called heme • Function of RBCs • Normal ranges • Hemolysis © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning White Blood Cells (WBCs) • Called leukocytes • Natural defense against injury and disease • Types of leukocytes – Granulocytes – Agranulocytes • Diapedesis • Normal ranges © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Types of WBCs – Granulocytes • • • • Made from cells called myeloblasts Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Types of WBCs – Agranulocytes • Lymphocytes – B-lymphocytes – T-lymphocytes • Monocytes © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Animation – The Blood Click Here to play Blood animation © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Inflammation • Occurs when living tissue is damaged in any way • Signs and symptoms – – – – Redness Local heat Swelling Pain • The inflammatory process © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Thrombocytes (Blood Platelets) • Function in the initiation of the blood-clotting process • Normal ranges • Blood-clotting or coagulation process is complex © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Coagulation • Injury leads to release of serotonin and thromboplastin • Prothrombin converts to thrombin • Fibrinogen converts to fibrin • Clot • Clotting time norms © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Blood Types • Types – – – – A B AB O • Antigens and antibodies © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Blood Types • • • • Agglutination Recipient and donor matching Universal donors RH factors © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Blood Norms • • • • • Bleeding time Coagulation time Hemoglobin count Platelet count Prothrombin time © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Blood Norms • • • • Sedimentation rate Red blood cell count White blood cell count Cholesterol level © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Disorders of the Blood • • • • • Anemia Iron-deficiency anemia Pernicious anemia Aplastic anemia Sickle cell anemia © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Disorders of the Blood • • • • • Cooley’s anemia Polycythemia Embolism Thrombosis Hematoma © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Disorders of the Blood • • • • • Hemophilia Thombocytopenia Leukemia Septicemia Multiple myeloma © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Bone Marrow Transplants • Autologous bone marrow transplant • Allogenic bone marrow transplant – – – – Identical twin Parent Unrelated Umbilical cord © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning Bone Marrow Transplants • Bone marrow transplant procedure • Engraftment © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
