APA Style…light! APA Citation 6 th ed. for COM 115 A Guide to Style and Citations for the 6th Edition Original presentation created by Laura Burrows, former Writing Center Consultant APA 6 th Edition • About $30 • MAJOR CHANGES • new ethics guidance • new journal article reporting standards • simplified heading style • updated guidelines for reducing bias • new guidelines for reporting inferential statistics • significantly revised table of statistical abbreviations • new instruction on using supplemental files • expanded content on the electronic presentation of data • expanded discussion of electronic sources emphasizing the role of the digital object identifier (DOI) • expanded discussion of the publication process Preparation Outline Format for COM 115 Page setup Style Mechanics • 1” on every side of the document • Single-space within each section of the outline; no extra spaces between paragraphs (new Word must be adjusted!) • 12 pt font • TWO spaces follow punctuation • Avoid colloquial expressions • Avoid the use of second person “you” • Avoid biased language (see “General Guidelines for Reducing Bias,” APA Manual 6th edition, p. 71-76) • Use active rather than passive voice • Select tense carefully • Be careful about subject-verb agreement • See APA Manual 6th edition Chapters 3 and 4 for APA preferred standards Order of Pages Title Page Body References APA Title Page Running head Now included in the header NOTE: This means that the Running head appears on EVERY PAGE OF THE PAPER! Type “Running head” a colon then an abbreviated version of the title in all caps No more than 50 characters, spaces included Title Concise statement of main topic Fully explanatory on its own Author Name(s) Omit titles (Dr., Professor) and degrees (PhD, EdD, MD, etc.) Institutional Affiliation If none, list city and state of residency Author Note (if applicable) COM 115 Title Page Header Right Justified Appears on every page Type a shortened version of the title 5 spaces page number Running head: Type “Running head:” a colon An abbreviated version of the title in all caps No more than 50 characters, including spaces Title of Paper Concise statement of the main topic Fully explanatory on its own Author’s Name Omit titles (Dr., Professor) and degrees (PhD, EdD, MD, etc.) Institutional Affiliation If none, list city of residence Cite Your Sources APA Style Cites are Parenthetical COM 115 Cites are Integrated ORAL CITATION Dr. Bourhis says in his 2009 text, Civility in Public Discourse, a text in which he asserts… In 2009, Dr. John Bourhis published in Civility in Public Discourse, a text in which he asserts that… Avoiding Plagiarism Plagiarism is… …using someone else’s words or ideas as though they were your own. …deliberately stealing someone’s work. …paying someone to write a paper. …a serious offense. Common Knowledge vs. Unique Ideas Don’t need to cite: Ideas widely believed to be true. Folklore, stories, songs, or saying without an author but commonly known. Quotations widely known and used. Information shared by most scholars in your discipline. WHEN IN DOUBT… CITE! Standard APA Header Levels These have changed from the 5th edition! Level One is Centered, Bold, Uppercase and Lowercase Level Two is Flush Left, Bold, Uppercase and Lowercase Level Three is Indented, bold, lowercase paragraph heading ending with a period. The paragraph follows. Level Four is indented, bold, italicized, lowercase paragraph heading ending with a period. The paragraph follows. Level Five is indented, italicized, lowercase paragraph heading ending with a period. The paragraph follows. Good news! Now, you will follow the pattern of levels from the top down: if you have one level, use Level 1; if you have two levels, use Levels 1 and 2; and so on. American Psychological Association (2009). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association Writing the Outline for Speeches Single space the text of the outline Double space between major sections Retype the title on the first page of the outline (the 2nd page of your manuscript) Specific Purpose: Central Idea: Desired Response: Center the title of major sections Transitions are written as complete sentences Contained in parentheses Double spacing sets off transitions from the rest of the outline When to Cite You DO need to cite: You DON’T need to cite: Reference List: Basics Reference lists should be alphabetized by the last name of the first authors listed. Remember, you can not change the order of authors within the study! Nothing precedes something: Green, E. C. (2000). Greene, B. A. (1994). Harrison, M. R. (2004). Harrison, M. R., & Blake, C. D. (2001) The DOI: Digital Object Identifier The DOI is like a social security number for a source. It is meant to help readers find the exact source you are referencing. All DOI numbers begin with a 10 and contain a prefix and a suffix separated by a slash. If the source has a DOI, cite it after the rest of the citation is finished: Brownlie, D. Toward effective poster presentations: An annotated bibliography. European Journal of Marketing, 41(11/12), 1245-1283. doi:10.1108/03090560710821161 Reference List, Continued Multiple works by the same author: One author: arrange chronologically • Blake, B. R. (1990) • Blake, B. R. (1993) One author, same year: order by title • Blair, S. M. (2000a). Care and feeding… • Blair, S. M. (2000b). Observations… Common Reference Entries Book Book with editor Journal paginated by volume Journal paginated by issue Journal Pagination: Volume or Issue? Paginated by volume Some journals begin each issue where the last left off: These journals are paginated by volume, and do not require the issue number in the reference citations Paginated by issue Journals whose issues each begin on page one require the issue number in the reference page to specify the issue in which an article appears: [An article listed in volume 23, page 189, would not tell a reader which issue contained the article] Online References Article From an Online Periodical Stroop, J. R. (1935). Studies of interference in serial visual reactions [Electronic version]. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 121(1), 15-23. no print version Article from a Database Holliday, R. E., & Hayes, B. K. (2001, January). Dissociating automatic and intentional processes in children’s eyewitness memory. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 75(1), 1-5. Retrieved February 21, 2001, from Expanded Academic ASAP database (A59317927). Non-Periodical Web Document Chovil, I. (n.d.). What is schizophrenia? Retrieved November 6, 2005, from http://www.chovil.com/first.html Keep them in this order! When no DOI is included and the URL is given, a retrieved date is needed unless the source material may change over time (e.g., wikis) Misc. References Encyclopedia Entries Newspaper Articles 193-215. Contact Information Michael Frizell, Writing Center Director michaelfrizell@missouristate.edu Writing Center Supplemental Instruction