HAZARD
COMMUNICATION
DEPARTMENT OF RISK
MANAGEMENT AND
SAFETY
SAFETY CONTACTS
•
Emergency (Fire, Police, Medical)
911
•
Poison Control Center
(800) 222-1222
•
UPD (non-emergency)
(254) 968-9002
•
Control Center (after-hours, weekends, holidays)
(254) 968-9265
•
RMS (8 – 5, Monday through Friday)
(254) 968-9842 / 9237 / 9429 / 9898
•
E-mail
hcdavis@tarleton.edu, lockenour@tarleton.edu, cjordan@tarleton.edu. wkstyron@tarleton.edu
•
Facilities Maintenance (repair call)
(254) 968-9065
PURPOSE OF HAZARD COMMUNICATION
To ensure that employers and
employees know about work
hazards and how to protect
themselves so that the
incidence of illnesses and
injuries due to hazardous
chemicals is reduced.
TEXAS HAZARD COMMUNICATION
Applies to all employees working for this state
who may be exposed to hazardous chemicals
under normal operating conditions or foreseeable
emergencies
TEXAS HAZARD COMMUNICATION ACT
An official Texas
Department of State
Health Services “Notice
to Employees” must be
posted at the
location(s) within each
workplace where
notices are normally
posted
EMPLOYEE RIGHTS
As an employee, you have a right to know about the hazardous materials used in your work
area and the potential effects of these materials upon your health and safety.
•
Employees have rights to:
o Access copies of MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheets)/SDS (Safety Data Sheets)
o Information on their chemical exposures
o Receive training on chemical hazards
o Receive appropriate protective equipment
o File complaints, assist inspectors, or testify against their employer without fear of
reprisal
HAZCOM REQUIREMENTS FOR
TARLETON STATE UNIVERSITY
Provide information to employees on the hazards of chemicals they
work with or may be exposed to and how they can protect
themselves from these hazards.
Make this information available by compiling chemical inventory
lists, by conducting training programs, by maintaining MSDS/SDS
files, and by properly labeling containers.
CHEMICAL INVENTORY
The Act requires employers to compile and maintain a workplace chemical list that is
to be updated at least annually and be readily available to employees upon request.
Information on the workplace inventory form shall include:
•
The common name and chemical name used on MSDS/SDS and container labels
•
The product name and hazardous ingredients
•
The work areas where the chemical/product is stored or used
•
The quantity of the chemical/product
Items intended for personal consumption by employees are exempt from the
provisions of the Hazard Communication Act.
TRAINING REQUIREMENTS
Other times you may be required to complete additional training may include:
• Beginning a new assignment which requires use of a hazardous chemical
• Whenever a new or increased hazard is introduced
• Whenever new and significant hazard information is received for a chemical
in the work area
GENERAL SAFETY TRAINING
This presentation covers the general requirements you will need to know
concerning working with hazardous chemicals:
• Information on MSDS/SDS and how to obtain them
• Information on labels
• Generic information on hazardous chemicals
• First Aid
• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
• Chemical spill clean-up
• Chemical Waste Disposal
WORK AREA SPECIFIC TRAINING
Your supervisor may cover topics concerning jobsite specific
requirements you will need to know:
• Information on hazardous chemicals
• Location of MSDS/SDS
• PPE
• First Aid
• Spill Clean-up
• Chemical Waste Disposal
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET/SAFETY DATA SHEET
REQUIREMENT
• Readily Accessible
o Work Area File
o Manufacturer/Distributor
o RMS: (254) 968-9842 / 9237 / 9429 / 9898
o http://msdssearch.com/find.htm
• MSDS/SDS for each and every chemical product
MSDS/SDS FORMAT EFFECTIVE JUNE 1, 2015
Chemical manufacturers or importers shall ensure that MSDS/SDS for their products include the
following sections in order:
•
Identification of substance or mixture and the supplier
•
Hazard identification
•
Composition/information on ingredients
•
First aid measures
•
Fire-fighting measures
•
Accidental release measures
•
Handling and storage
•
Exposure control/personal protection
•
Physical and chemical properties
•
Stability and reactivity
•
Toxicological information
•
Ecological information
•
Disposal information
•
Transport information
•
Regulatory information
•
Other information, including preparation or last revision of SDS
PRIMARY CONTAINER LABELING
In addition to the MSDS/SDS, many
times you can find the applicable
hazards, identity and chemical
manufacturer on the primary
container label:
Hazards
Identity
Manufacturer
LABELING – NFPA 704
In addition to MSDS/SDS
and primary container
labeling, you can also
obtain information on a
chemical or material using
the NFPA 704 label
system:
Flash Point
4-Below 73oF
3-Below 100oF
2-Above 100oF
Not Exceeding 200oF
1-Above 200oF
0-Will Not Burn
OX-Oxidizer
4-May Detonate
ACID-Acid
3-Shock and Heat
May Detonate
ALK-Alkali
W-Use no Water
2-Violent Chemical
Change
1-Unstable if Heated
0-Stable
LABELING – DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
(DOT)
These are examples of
DOT labels, which are
used during the transport
of chemicals and
hazardous materials:
GLOBALLY HARMONIZED SYSTEM (GHS)
Soon mandatory for ALL chemical products sold in the U.S. GHS standardizes chemical
labels and safety data sheets (SDS), formerly known as material safety data sheets (MSDS),
to better communicate hazards to employees.
•
Provided below are links to GHS documents from OSHA and the U.N.
OSHA Guide to the GHS
U.N. Guide to the GHS
GLOBALLY HARMONIZED SYSTEM (GHS)
GHS labels must include six elements,
the 1st three of which are standardized:
1. Symbols (Hazard pictograms): visually convey health, physical and environmental hazard
information.
May Cause
Cancer
2. Signal word: "Danger" or "Warning“ emphasize hazards and indicate the relative level of severity.
3. Hazard statement: standard phrases describe the nature of the hazard.
The standardized pictograms, signal words, and hazard statements should be
located together on the label, but the label format or layout is not specified.
4. Precautionary statement: linked to each GHS hazard statement and type of hazard, these mostly
standard phrases describe measures to minimize or prevent adverse effects, including first aid.
5. Product identifier: should match the SDS (MSDS)
6. Supplier identification: Name, address, and telephone number of the manufacturer, importer, or other
responsible party.
Next, let’s take a closer look at the first four label elements.
GLOBALLY HARMONIZED SYSTEM (GHS)
A Pictogram is a symbol that conveys visual cues about the hazards of a chemical.
Eight pictograms are designated by OSHA and GHS. Here are four of the five assigned to
already be familiar with them, but examine their lists of associated hazards.
physical hazards .
You may
COLOR: The OSHA standard does not assign colors to hazard classes.
• The colors shown above are roughly equivalent to those used in Department of Transportation (DOT) shipping labels and placard s.
• The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) uses blue for health, red for flammability and yellow for instability.
GLOBALLY HARMONIZED SYSTEM (GHS)
Four pictograms are assigned to health hazards . The skull & crossbones symbol is familiar, but
the others may not be so obvious. “Corrosion” can be both a physical and a health hazard.
MULTIPLE HAZARD CLASSES: A product may have more than one
hazard class, so two or more pictograms may appear on a label.
SIMPLE ASPHYXIANTS: GHS has no pictogram for these substances
that displace oxygen and can cause oxygen deprivation/death.
GLOBALLY HARMONIZED SYSTEM (GHS)
Signal word indicates the relative level of severity of hazard. The two standard GHS signal
words are:
“DANGER” – used for the more severe hazards. When you see “DANGER,” be especially
careful with handling or using as it may cause devastating physical effects (e.g., explosion;
fire; severe burns or eye damage), or be fatal or severely toxic to an exposed person.
“WARNING” – used for the less severe hazards, such as combustible materials or those that
are harmful or irritating to an exposed person.
A signal word may not appear for some lower level hazard categories. Nevertheless, be
cautious and follow directions when using or handling any chemical product.
DANGER
Warning!
GHS does not specify color or font, so the signal word, if there is one, may be
prominent, or it may be somewhat hard to find on the label.
GLOBALLY HARMONIZED SYSTEM (GHS)
Hazard statement describes the nature of the hazard(s) of a chemical, including, where appropriate, the degree
of hazard, “1” being the worst.
Hazard statements are short, standardized phrases categorized as:
• Physical hazard statements (29 in all) or
• Health hazard statements (52 in all)
A single product may have one, two or even several hazard statements.
In this example, each hazard statement is set apart by bullets.
GLOBALLY HARMONIZED SYSTEM (GHS)
Precautionary statement describes recommended
measures to minimize or prevent adverse effects resulting
from exposure or from improper storage or handling.
There are five types of precautionary statements:
1. General;
2. Prevention;
3. Response (in case of accidental spillage or exposure,
emergency response and first-aid);
4. Storage; and
5. Disposal.
On a label, they may be in a table, a list, or combined for
readability or to save space.
Precautionary statements are selected from a large, coded
list of standard phrases, but manufacturers may remove or
add words or descriptions.
GLOBALLY HARMONIZED SYSTEM (GHS)
Let’s put it all together on a real product label.
Here is an example of an actual GHS LABEL for
TOLUENE
KEY TO GHS LABEL ELEMENTS
11. Pictograms depicting hazards, in this case, from left to
right: flammable, chronic health hazard, acute health
hazard;
2. Signal word, either DANGER or WARNING;
3. Hazard statement: a written list of associated hazards;
4. Precautionary statements related to the hazard;
55. Product identifier and codes, in this case the name of the
compound and its synonyms; and
6. Supplier information.
5
1
GLOBALLY HARMONIZED SYSTEM (GHS)
EXAMPLE of an actual GHS LABEL for
TOLUENE
1.
2.
2
3.
3
4.
4
5.
6.
6
Pictograms depicting hazards
Signal word, either DANGER or
WARNING;
Hazard statement: a written list of
hazards;
Precautionary statements related
to the hazard;
Product identifier and codes; and
Supplier information.
6
2
3
4
GLOBALLY HARMONIZED SYSTEM (GHS)
GHS Classification Criteria
• Unlike many systems where hazard severity increases from low to high
numbers, GHS is the opposite, with Category 1 being highest risk and
higher numbers indicating lower risk.
• Let’s illustrate with GHS categories of acute toxicity as in Section 2 of
an SDS.
Route of
Exposure

LD50 (oral) or LC50 (inhalation)
Category 1
Category 2
Category 3
Category 4
(MOST SEVERE)
Category 5
(RELATIVELY LOW ACUTE TOXICITY)
Oral
(mg/kg)
≤5
>5
≤ 50
> 50
≤ 300
> 300
≤ 2000
Gases
(ppm)
≤ 100
> 100
≤ 500
> 500
≤ 2500
> 2500
≤ 5000
Criteria:
• Oral LD50 from 2000 and 5000 mg/kg;
• Significant effect in humans;
• Any mortality / clinical signs at class 4.
LD50 (abbreviation for “lethal dose, 50%”) or LC50 (lethal concentration, 50%) is the that kills half the members of a test group.
LD50 / LC50 can be found in Section 11 of an SDS.
GLOBALLY HARMONIZED SYSTEM (GHS)
Other Toxicity Hazard Rating Systems
To get an intuitive sense of acute toxicity, compare the GHS categories for
ingestion to information provided by the National Research Council.
Comparison of LD50 to Probable Lethal Dose for Humans
GHS Toxicity
Category
NRC Toxicity
Rating
Animal LD50
(per kg body
wt.)
Category 1
Extremely toxic
<5 mg
A taste (<7 drops; <0.4 ml)
Category 2
Highly toxic
5 to 50 mg
Between 7 drops and 1 tsp (0.4 to 5 ml)
Category 3 – 4
Moderately toxic
50 to 500 mg
Between 1 tsp and 1 oz (5 to 30 ml)
Category 4 – 5
Slightly toxic
500 mg to 5 g
Between 1 oz and 1 pint (30 – 500 ml)
Practically nontoxic >5 g

Lethal Dose When Ingested
by a 150-lb (70-kg) Human
>1 pint (>500 ml)
Adapted from: National Research Council. 2011. Prudent Practices in the Laboratory: Handling
and Management of Chemical Hazards: Updated Version. Committee on Prudent Practices in the
Laboratory. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
CHEMICAL STORAGE
When not in immediate use, all chemicals should
be properly stored. This means that they should
be stored in an appropriate location, off of the
floor with other compatible chemicals – and away
from incompatible chemicals.
Chemicals should never be stored alphabetically!
•
Store by hazard class
•
Date when received and when opened
•
Keep from heat/sunlight
•
Label properly (secondary container)
•
Minimize quantities
•
Do not store flammables in household
refrigerator or freezer
•
Protect against spills
•
Dispose of outdated, questionable or
unneeded chemicals
WHAT’S WRONG WITH THIS PICTURE?
Many times, there can be dangers
which are not readily apparent:
•
Chemical staining outside bottle
•
Open date not documented
•
Old crystallizing chemicals
WHAT’S WRONG WITH THIS PICTURE
Some dangers are immediately
visible!
•
No catch basin or absorbents
•
Spills
•
Build-up on bottles
WHAT’S WRONG WITH THIS PICTURE
Improper storage can also
be very dangerous! Storage
of chemicals on the floor or
outside of a proper container
can lead to accidents and
spills.
ACCIDENTS HAPPEN WHEN SAFETY IS NOT
IMBEDDED INTO YOUR PROCESSES
PROTECTIVE MEASURES / HAZARD REDUCTION
Through training and communication you
can learn the proper methods to reduce
hazards and protect yourself while working
with chemicals. Listed below are several
ways that you can protect your health and
physical safety while using hazardous
materials:
•
Personal monitoring
•
Personal protective equipment (PPE)
•
Product substitution
•
Safe work practices
•
Engineering controls
•
Chemical substitution
•
Exhaust system
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
• Equipment designed to protect the user from
hazards of the chemical or material.
• To find out what PPE is necessary for a particular
chemical or material refer to the MSDS/SDS.
• PPE information is listed under exposure limits
and personal protection.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
•
Eyes
o Safety Glasses, Chemical Splash Goggles, Full Face Shield
(with protective eyewear)
•
Hands
o Appropriate Type of Gloves
•
Body
o Lab Coat, Apron, Tie Long Hair Back, Closed Toe Shoes, and Other Appropriate
Clothing
•
Respiratory
o Dust Mask, Full and Half Face Respirators, SCBA
WHAT IS A HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL?
Any element, chemical compound or mixture of
elements or compounds that is a physical
hazard or a health hazard.
COMMON EXAMPLES OF HAZARDOUS
CHEMICALS
•
Fuels
•
Cleaning Products
•
Compressed Gases
•
Pesticides/Herbicides
•
Laboratory Chemicals
•
Solvents
•
Many types of oils and paints
•
Cement
•
Refrigerant
•
Welding Rods
HELPFUL DEFINITIONS
•
Health Hazard – a health hazard includes chemicals which are
carcinogens, toxic or highly toxic agents, reproductive toxins, irritants,
corrosives, sensitizers, hepatotoxins, nephrotoxins, neurotoxins, agents
which act on the hemopoietic system and agents which damage the
lungs, skin, eyes or mucous membranes.
•
Physical Hazard – a physical hazard includes chemicals which are a
combustible liquid, a compressed gas, an explosive, a flammable, an
organic peroxide, an oxidizer, pyrophoric, an unstable (reactive) or water
reactive.
•
Work Area – a work area is a defined space within a workplace where
hazardous chemicals are produced, used, or stored and employees are
present.
•
Workplace – an establishment at one geographical location containing
one or more work areas.
TYPES OF HEALTH HAZARDS
•
Corrosive – destroy tissue at the point of contact (acids, bases, dehydrating agents,
strong oxidizing agents)
•
Reactive – undergo violent reaction under certain conditions (explosive, rapid
polymerization, water reactive, air reactive, strong oxidizers)
•
Flammable – any liquid with a flashpoint below 100 F (differs from combustible
liquid), or a solid that is liable to cause fires through friction/absorption of moisture,
etc./can be readily ignited.
•
Toxic – substance that is harmful to living organisms because of its detrimental
effects on tissues, organs, or biological processes.
•
Carcinogen – a chemical known or believed to cause cancer in humans.
ACUTE EFFECTS
The acute effects of a chemical are the symptoms that occur immediately or very soon after
you come into contact with them.
The acute effects of a chemical can be found on the MSDS/SDS.
Know all the acute effects of the material before work begins.
Examples of some acute effects that a person may experience include:
•
Skin irritation
•
Dizziness
•
Burning sensations
CHRONIC EFFECTS
The chronic effects of a chemical are the symptoms that result from long-term exposure to a
substance.
•
Any chronic effect that a chemical might cause can be found on the MSDS/SDS.
•
Know the short and long term effects of a chemical before you use it.
•
If the chemical is unknown, treat it as if it poses an immediate and long term health hazard.
•
Most harmful effects can be prevented or greatly reduced by simply wearing the proper PPE.
WORKING WITH CORROSIVES
•
Protect Eyes and Skin
•
Large Quantities - wear protective clothing
•
Dilution
WHEN CONTACT WITH CORROSIVES OCCUR:
•
Remove contaminated clothing
•
Rinse in safety shower or eyewash for at least 15
minutes
•
Seek Medical Attention
WORKING WITH REACTIVES
•
Preplan to reduce exposure
•
Isolate from cause of reaction
•
Storage
o Separate from other chemicals
o Keep in Cool/dry area
o Out of sunlight
IF REACTION OCCURS:
o Emergency Equipment
• Refer to MSDS/SDS for required
equipment
o Contact
•
Flush for 15 minutes (except with water reactives)
WORKING WITH FLAMMABLES
•
Remove Ignition Source (heat or spark)
•
Keep away from oxidizers and combustible materials
•
Work in a fume hood or a well ventilated area
•
Be familiar with operation and location of fire extinguisher,
building alarms and evacuation procedures
•
Storage:
o
Well ventilated area
o
Flammable storage cabinet
o
Lab-safe refrigerator
o
Isolated from incompatible chemicals
WORKING WITH TOXINS
•
Read MSDS/SDS for exposure limits and proper handling information
•
Use Fume Hood if available
•
Proper Protective Gear
•
No food or drinks while working
•
Safe levels of exposure are established by three entities: NIOSH, OSHA, and ACGIH*
•
o
REL – Recommended Exposure Limit (NIOSH)
o
PEL – Permissible Exposure Limit (OSHA)
o
TLV – Threshold Limit Value (ACGIH)
Types of Toxins
o
Carcinogens - cause growth of abnormal tissue
o
Reproductive Toxins - interfere with reproduction of adult
o
Teratogens - interfere with embryo/fetus development
o
Mutagens - alters DNA
o
Neurotoxins - damage nervous system
*NIOSH, OSHA and ACGIH are the regulatory agencies that establish occupational exposure limits for employees working with che micals
FIRST AID
•
Remove contaminated clothing
•
Refer to MSDS/SDS for chemical specific first
aid
•
Medical attention call 911
ROUTES OF EXPOSURE
There are several ways chemicals can get
into the body an cause harm.
The common routes of entry into
the body are through:
 Inhalation
 Skin absorption
 Ingestion
INHALATION
Inhalation is the most common route of
exposure.
This includes breathing in dust, fumes, oil mist,
and vapors from solvents and various gases.
To prevent this always read the precautions on
labels or MSDS/SDS and wear the appropriate PPE.
SKIN ABSORPTION
•
Some chemicals are readily absorbed into the body through contact with the skin.
•
Always look under the occupational exposure limits on the MSDS/SDS to see if
the chemical is readily absorbed by the skin.
•
It is very important to wear all the appropriate PPE while working with this type of
hazardous material.
INGESTION
•
To avoid accidental/indirect ingestion:
o Never eat foods, drink or put anything in your mouth in areas where chemicals are
used
o Never smoke in areas where chemicals are used
o Wash your hands and face with soap and water after working with chemicals before
you eat, drink, smoke or apply cosmetics, etc.
EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT
Areas around emergency equipment such as showers, eyewashes,
fire extinguishers and emergency electrical cutoffs must be
kept clear.
Accidents occur without warning. All users should know what
emergency equipment is available and where it is located.
SAFETY EQUIPMENT TO LOOK FOR
CHEMICAL SPILL CLEAN UP
Rule of thumb: you can clean the spill up yourself if it can be done without hurting yourself or
others and it’s not an emergency or likely to become an emergency.
If not, call 911.
If you do clean it up you’re still required to call Risk Management & Safety.
CHEMICAL SPILL CLEAN UP
•
Develop plan of action
o Know when to call for HELP!
o How to contain spill
o Who is responsible for the clean up
o How to Decontaminate the area
• Identify the chemical
• Protect yourself
• Notify others
• Attend to injured or exposed
CONCLUSION
•
Know safety contacts and phone numbers
•
Report all accidents immediately
•
Be sure to get appropriate training when a new hazard in introduced
•
Always use a current MSDS/SDS to know the characteristics and specific hazards of each
chemical you will be working with
•
Know proper first aid procedures for each chemical you will be working with
•
Know where your safety equipment is located and how to use it
•
Label all containers with their contents
•
Practice proper chemical storage and handling
•
Know the hazards and risks in your work area and the consequences of an accident or spill
•
Wear the proper protective equipment at all times
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