Trajan’s
Forum
Ali and Athena
Forum and Layout
A
forum is a large public
square; Trajan’s includes a
market, basilica, temples,
and libraries on the outskirts
 Built by Apollodorus of
Damascus
 Last of the imperial fora
Forum and Layout (cont.)
 Forums
are the center of
social and political life
during these times
 News and important events
are discussed here
 Contains vital governmental
buildings
About the Trajan Forum
 Paved
with white marble
and lined with stoa
 Large equestrian statue of
Trajan in the middle
 On the northern side is the
Basilica Ulpia, a judicial
building, with a sqinch
 Has exedrae on lateral sides
of the central piazza
(square shaped open area)
Trajan’s Market
 Next
to forum on the
Northeast side
 Made of concrete and
brick (they’re fireproof!)
 150+ shops and offices
on multiple levels
 Groin vaulted main hall
 Floor levels added in
middle ages; it was
fortified for defensive
purposes
Pompeii and the House of the
vettii
 Marx
Zhan, John Stokes, Andrew Brennen
History
The oldest ruins in Pompeii date back to the
8th century BCE
Pompeii was a major port city, thriving in
trade
Due to the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79
CE, it was lost for nearly 1700 years before
being discovered in its nearly pristine state
Many buildings and art pieces are very well
preserved
House of the vettii - history
Built in the 2nd century BCE, then rebuilt in
approximately 62 CE as part of a remodeling
project.
Frescoes and art were finished shortly after
the remodeling was completed.
Example of traditional Roman home design
Owned by two wealthy merchant brothers,
Aulus Vettius Restitutus and Aulus Vettius
Conviva.
HOUSE OF THE VETTII ARCHITECTURE AND ART
Contained a large peristyle garden just
after the entranceway and atrium
Large amount of wealth meant it had lots
of water, a pool was located in the atrium
of the house
Many frescoes lined the walls of the home
tRaditional roman home
FLOORPLAN
House of the vettii
floorplan
Used to celebrate the initiation rites for the god
Bacchus (60-50BCE)
Pompeii - Villa of the mysteries
The Pantheon
Dominique Wilson, Emily
Norton, Gabbi Thatcher
In the aftermath of the Battle of Actium,
Marcus Agrippa built and dedicated the
original Pantheon during 27 BCE.
 Originally, the temple was meant to
worship Olympian gods. (Pantheon
literally meaning “all the gods”)
 The inscription across the front reads:
“Marcus Agrippa son of Lucius, who was
consul three times.”
 In 609, the Byzantine emperor Phocas
gave the building to Pope Boniface IV,
who converted it to a Christian church.
 Rebuilt twice after fires in 80 and 110 AD.

History
Plan of the Pantheon




A series of transverse barrel vaults hidden within
the twenty foot wall concentrates the weight of
the dome on eight massive supports.
The concrete was poured in sections of over a
huge molds.
The weight of the dome is relieved by a series of
coffers- which also adds geometrical articulation
to the hemisphere.
These coffers may have once contained gilded
bronze rosettes or stars suggesting the heavens.
The Dome




A large dome makes up the center of the
Pantheon. The dome has a large hole in it to
let light in.
Despite this hole, when it rains, the concrete
soaks up the extra water.
When rain does manage to get in, it falls
through and then drains off through conduits.
Marble veneer (facing) and two tiers of richly
colored architectural detail conceal the
internal brick arches and concrete structure
of the twenty feet thick walls.
 Originally,
the façade of the porch
was literally all viewers could see of
the building. Since their approach
was controlled by an enclosed
courtyard, the actual circular shape
of the Pantheon was concealed.
Viewers were therefore surprised to
pass through the rectilinear and
restricted aisles of the portico and
the huge main door to encounter the
gaping space of the circular room.
Original Pantheon
Floor Plan
Ambulatory
Dome
The Coliseum
Monty Farish
Maria Ortiz
Alex Cravero
Random Facts!
 Originally
the Flavian Amphitheatre
 Elliptical amphitheater in the center of
Rome
 Largest ever built by Roman Empire
 Built of concrete and stone
Pretty, Pretty Floor Plan
More Random Facts!




Ruined because of earthquakes and stonerobbers.
Construction started in 72 AD under the
emperor Vespasian, finished in 80 AD under
Titus
Further modifications made during Domitian’s
reign (81-96 AD)
Area used to be a very populated village
before it was destroyed by the great fire of
Rome.
Soooo Much Random Facts




Capable of seating 50000 spectators
People were seated according to rank.
Used for gladiatorial battles and public
spectacles such as mock sea battles, animal
hunts, executions, re-enactments of famous
battles, and dramas based on Classical
mythology
Later reused for housing, workshops, quarters
for religious order, a fortress, a quarry, and a
Christian shrine
Ara Pacis and
Pont-du-Gard
Jake Tapia
Joey Avioli
Ara Pacis - Background
 Commissioned
for the return of Augustus
to Rome
 Located in the Northern Outskirts of Rome,
Campus Martius
 Altar of Peace
Ara Pacis - East & West Walls
 East
Wall – female warrior sitting on
weapons symbolizing peace.
 West Wall – Romulus and Remus were
discovered by a farmer.
Ara Pacis – North and South
Wall
 South
Wall – realistic figures, Augustus and
Tiberius
 North Wall – modern figures. Consists of
members of the imperial family. Shows
some kind of Hellenistic Prince
Pont-du-Gard
 Roman
aqueduct located in France
 Built from 40 to 60 AD 160 feet high, 902
feet long (upper), 21 feet wide.
 Built of shelly limestone
Pont-du-Gard
 Cranes
and pulleys built the aqueduct
 Part of the Nimes aqueduct to carry
water from a spring to Roman colony of
Nimes
Arch of Titus
By: Laira Kelley, Kirby
Fitzpatrick, and Sydney Toth
Basic Information
 Created
in 81 C.E. during the Flavian
period
 Located in Rome
 Built by Domitian to commemorate his
brother’s capture of Jerusalem in 70 C.E.
Architecture
 Made
of concrete and faced with marble
 50 feet tall
 Engaged composite columns
 Originally a base for a bronze statue of
the Emperor in a four horsed chariot
says “The
Entablature
Senate and the
 Inscription
Roman people to
the deified Titus
Vespasian
Augustus, son of the
deified Vespasian.”
 Relief on inside walls
shows Titus’s soldiers
carrying sacred
treasures from
Jerusalem through
Rome.
Inside the Arch
 Spoils
from the Temple of Solomon
 Passageway on the inside of the arch
 Menorah, return into Rome
Inside The arch
 Sacking
of Jerusalem
The Basilica of Constantine
Or Aula Palatina
Lydia Livas
Wilson Ward
History
 Built
320 AD
 In Trier, Germany
 Constantine
 “In this sign, you shall conquer”
 Edict of milan
 Middle ages
 Bishop of Trier
 World war II
 Burned in air raid of allied forces
 Rebuilt, but the inner decorations were not
restored
 Currently a protestant church
Apse
NAVE
AISLES
N
A
R
T
H
E
X
Architecture
 Long,
high ceiling (220 feet long, 90 feet wide, 98
feet high)
 Brick, concrete
 Building elongation due to the window size
 Originally not a free standing structure-had smaller
rooms attached
 Hollow floor heating system
 Engaged Columns
 Round arches
Floor Plan
Current Interior
Bath of
Caracalla
Christina Pistilli
Rachel Masterson
Aubrey Walter
The YMCA of RomeA-Calidarium (hot bath)
B-Nymphaeum
C-Great Hall
D-Frigidarium (Swimming
Pool)
E-Courts
G-Palaestra (gym for boxing)
H-Lecture Halls
I-Vestibules
L-Dressing Rooms
N-Steam Baths
Q-Lounges
S-Gymnasia
T-Study Rooms
V-Nymphaea
Bath of Caracalla general
information
 Location-
Roman Italy
 Time- 212AD – 216 AD during the reign of
emperor Caracalla
 Would have to install 2000 tons of material
for 6 years to complete this
History







211 CE septimius severus began the construction
of the public baths on the south east side of Rome
For recreational and educational uses
Colored of colorful marble and mosaics
Groin and barrel vault
Had large bay windows for natural light
They had low ground furnaces that warmed up
baths
Other facilities included exercise rooms, shops,
dressing rooms, gardens, stadium, libraries,
painting gallery, auditoriums, and huge water
reservoir
Art found inside
 Baths
were a site for important sculpture
like Farnese Bull and Farnese Hercules
La Banditaccia
Necropolises
Of
Cerveteri
By Kemplin Kaley
And Keagan Lee
City
of the
Dead
 La
Banditaccia, was laid out similar to a
town
 Streets linked burial mounds and tombs
 Tomb chambers partly or completely
excavated underground, some
completely cut out of solid bedrock.
 All burial tombs had roofs, some with
corbel vaulting



In tombs such as
these, equestrian
painter depicted
happy bright
subjects showing a
tangible world
beyond the tomb
Brightly colored
scenes of everyday
leisurely life
,decorated the
tombs walls
Though the Tomb of
the Diver is from
Terquinia, it depicts
the frivolity of these
paintings well



Some tombs are carved out of the rock to
mimic rooms and houses.
The Tomb of Reliefs is fully furnished, even
Couches jugs and even robes were carved
and molded.
 Remains
of the deceased were either
cremated and placed in a funerary urn
or placed into a Sarcophagus
 Sarcophagus from Certeveri, depicts a
couple happily engaging the viewer.
 Despite the archaic smile this piece
holds a very different feel compared to
the Greek funerary steala
Thanks for
watching!
Arch of
Constantin
e
Valerie Sarge and
Neelav Dutta
The Arch
 “To
the Emperor Constantine, from the Senate
Inscription
and the Roman people. Since through divine
inspiration and great wisdom he has delivered
the state from the tyrant and his party with his
army and noble arms, [we] dedicate this arch
decorated with triumphal insignia.”
 Commemorates the victory over Maxentius in
312 CE.
 Three arches; larger than the Arch of Titus
nearby.
Hadrianic Tondi
tondi and other ‘triumphal insignia’
Hadrian
The
were derived from other monuments.
For example, the tondi were recovered
from a monument to Hadrian.
The left tondi represents a boar hunt; the
right represents a sacrifice to Apollo.
Constantine had them re-carved to
represent himself in Hadrian’s place.
Reliefs: Marcus Aurelius
Marcus
panelsAurelius
to the top left and right were
The
derived from a monument to a victory by
Marcus Aurelius over the Germans.
The statues above the columns are
unrelated; those were derived from a
monument by Trajan.
Trajan
inner walls contain reliefs showing
The
Trajan’s victory over the Dacians, and
above the columns are large statues of
prisoners also made under Trajan.
Purpose
reuse led to a partial transferal of
This
the old Roman virtues, comparing
Constantine to earlier emperors.