A style that developed in the sixteenth century ( 1526-1600, after the sack of Rome )as a reaction to the classical rationality and balanced harmony of the High Renaissance;
They rejected many conventions of the Renaissance and their work could be characterized by the dramatic use of space and light, exaggerated colour, elongation of figures, and distortions of perspective, scale, proportion.
They were a very individual and expressive group that had a variety of styles.
Parmigianino's Madonna with the
Long Neck

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 born Crete, studied Italy moved to Spain. His name is Spanish for ‘the Greek’. influenced by Parmigianiomo (who painted
Madonna of the Long Neck).
The Burial of Count Orgaz
(1586)
Top of Painting:
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Eternal Heaven, Christ,
Bottom of Painting:
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Angels, 16th century Spaniards, Count Orgaz,
Greco’s friends, his son on the bottom left
Uniting feature:
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Angel bearing the soul, looks like a doll, priest looking up, Mary looking down
Known for:
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 elongated bodies, strong sense of movement,
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 flickering light, bright colours (some say acid colours) intense emotion.
Technique: consisted of the application of thick oil paint over a red ochre gessoed animal-skin canvas. The light areas were blocked in white or gray oil paint. He applied the paint in broken short brush strokes which were almost impressionistic.

Mannerism in El Greco's jarring
"acid" color sense, his figures' elongated and tortured anatomy, the irrational perspective and light of his breathless and crowded composition, and obscure and troubling symbolism

Main differences between the Northern Renaissance and the Italian Renaissance:
Northern Renaissance
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Realism
Attention to detail
Everyday life, everyday objects
Symbolism in everyday objects
Italian Renaissance
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Idealized beauty antiquity

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These Northern countries were known for certain achievements (strengths) during the
Renaissance:
Low Countries (Belgium, Holland): oil paint, allowed them to paint in detail
Germany: art centre of Europe
France: excelled in architecture during this time
Spain: used wealth and privilege to draw artist to their court.

Jan Van Eyck (1390-1491)
Meaning of the following symbols:
The Arnolfini Marriage size- 32” x 23” !!!!! This is not a large painting.
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Raised right hand- Fidelity
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Dog- Fidelity and Loyalty
((the common canine name Fido originated from the Latin fido, "to trust").
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Ripened peaches- Fertility
Clogs cast aside- standing on holy ground
St. Margaret on bedpost- saint of childbirth
Wisk broom- domestic care
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Lit candle- oath of marriage, devotion of newlyweds, seeing eye of G-d
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Crystal beads- Virgin Mary
What is written above the mirror:
Jan Van Eyck was here in 1434 (he was a witness of the marriage)
Who is in the mirror?
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Jan Van Eyck and another witness
What is around the mirror?
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10 scenes of Christ’s passion
No she is not pregnant, it was the style of the day

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High realism, unity, meticulous detail, realistic light coming from the left.
When was this painted in relation to other Italian
Renaissance paintings?
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1434- Donatello’s David
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60 years before Leonardo’s “Last Supper”
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100 years before Michelangelo’s “Last
Judgment”

BOTERO FERNANDO (1932)
He also did his take on this painting.

Portrait of a lady (1455)
Compare it to Mona Lisa ( 1503-5) ? What personality do you think she has? What station in life? What’s the feeling of the painting?
 sharply contrasting outlines of lips and nose, or his emphasis on the slenderness of limbs - idealise his sitters, lending them a greater sophistication

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Great imagination
World of weird images and puzzling symbols
Packed with people (mostly naked, many things going on)

Left Panel- Garden of Eden
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Amid exotic animals, plants and landscape, God is introducing Adam to Eve
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God’s beautiful creation

•Fantastic landscape
•Humanities constant search to satisfy its earthly delights with overindulgence and sin

Right Panel- The Garden of
Satan
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Bosch version of Hell
Hundreds of figures are being tortured while the eggshell human tree trunk of
Satan in the center supervises it all
The overindulgences and sin eventually lead people to
Hell
Bosch is very pessimistic, no chance of salvation is shown

Death
AVARICE
Hell
ENVY
The last
Judgement
GLUTTONY
SLOTH
Radiant all seeing eye of God
LUST
VANITY
Seven Deadly
Sins and the
Four Last
Things-1480-
1500-decorated table top for King
Phillip II of Spain
ANGER
Heaven

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Painted peasants in their daily activities in ordinary landscapes
How has Brugel created depth in the return of the Hunters?

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German painter, printmaker, draughtsman and art theorist, generally regarded as the greatest German Renaissance artist.
Dürer traveled, and found, he says, more appreciation abroad than at home. The
Italian influence on his art was of a particularly Venetian strain
He had an arranged marriage, and friends considered his wife, Agnes, to be mean and bad-tempered, though what their real marital relations were, nobody can tell. For all his apparent openness, Dürer is a reserved man, and perhaps it is this rather sad reserve that makes his work so moving.
Self-Portrait at 26 (1498)
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Any similarities to the Mona Lisa (painted
1503-5) ?

Printmaker- woodcuts and copper engraving- Guttenburg invented the printing press in 1446)

St. Michael's fight against the dragon
1498 (330 kB);
Woodcut, 39.2 x 28.3 cm (15 x 11 1/8 in)

The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse
1498 ; woodcut

The Knight, Death and The Devil 1514
25x19 cm
Copper Engraving

A Young Hare
1502 (140 kB);
Watercolor and gouache on paper