INTRODUCTION TO
MUSIC
Ch. 8: Texture
Ch 9:
Form
Ch. 10: Style
TEXTURE
 The musical “weave” or layers of
what we hear together




a melody
several melodies
a melody + accompaniment
several melodies + accompaniment
TEXTURE
monophony = a melody
vocal instrumental
Men’s chest voices are naturally an
octave
_______ lower than the women’s head voices.
Everyone in the room sings the same melody
yes
together. Is that monophony? ____
What term describes
that phenomenon? unison
_______
TEXTURE
monophony = a melody
polyphony (2 types)
 2 or more melodies of equal
importance sounding together
 imitation
vocal instrumental
2 melodies
A - ve Ma - ri ---- a
A - ve Ma - ri ---- a
A - ve Ma - ri ---- a
A - ve Ma - ri ---- a
TEXTURE
vocal instrumental
monophony = a melody
polyphony = 2 or more melodies of
equal importance sounding together
 Imitation
2 melodies
homophony = melody in the foreground
w/ subordinate accompaniment
accompaniment accompaniment accom
paniment accompaniment accompanime
nt accompaniment accompaniment acco
mpaniment accompaniment accompani
ment accompaniment accompaniment a
ccompaniment accompaniment accomp
Melody
unequal
Texture
MONOPHONY
POLYPHONY
SEVERAL DISSIMILAR MELODIES
IMITATION
HOMOPHONY
SOOOO, WHAT DO YOU HEAR? IDENTIFY THE
TEXTURE AND PERFORMING MEDIA:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
FORM
“…the organization of musical ideas in
time.” (Kamien)
Form builders:
unity
contrast
variation
repetition of musical ideas
“musical glue”
new musical ideas
creates forward motion, suspense
restated musical idea with some
change(s)
FORM
Some example forms found in music:
Time: 00:00
xx:yy
piece 1:
A
B
A
piece 2:
A
A
B
B
piece 3:
A
B
A
C
piece 4:
A
(A
A1
A’
A2
A”
A3
A4
A”’ etc.)
A
B
A
A5
A6
How many sections in each piece?
How many musical ideas in each piece?
Does a piece’s form give any information about its length?
Does each form balance new ideas and repeated ideas?
What label from the previous slide would you apply to form #4?
How does form #4 create and balance unity and contrast?
LISTENING FOR FORM
TCHAIKOVSKY, DANCE OF THE REED FLUTES
A --B BIG CONTRAST
A
B
Describe A:
melody
tone color
range
contour
motion
accompaniment
Describe B:
Compare with A
melody
similarities
tone color
dif ferences
range
contour
motion
accompaniment
3 sections
2 highly contrasting ideas
A’
Kamien
Pg. 50
LISTENING FOR FORM
TCHAIKOVSKY, DANCE OF THE REED FLUTES
A
B
A’
LISTENING FOR FORM
TCHAIKOVSKY, DANCE OF THE REED FLUTES
A --B BIG CONTRAST
a--b some contrast
A
a
b
a’
Flute
trio
melody
English Flute
horn
melody
melody repeated
B
c
Trumpet
melody
A’
a’
LISTENING FOR FORM
TCHAIKOVSKY, DANCE OF THE REED FLUTES
A
a
Flute
trio
melody
b
a
English Flute
horn
melody
melody repeated
B
c
Trumpet
melody
A’
a
LISTENING FOR FORM
TCHAIKOVSKY, DANCE OF THE REED FLUTES
A
a
a
Flute
trio
a
b
b
English
horn
a’
a’
a’
B
c
c
c’
A’
a’
a’
a’
Trumpet
melody
Track the
entire piece
ST YLE
…is what’s
fashionable
in terms of:
melody
rhythm
tone color
dynamics
harmony
texture
form
Listeners’ tastes determine the
nature of each of these
elements, and those tastes
change throughout the course of
history. For example, the 16th
century was the “golden age of
polyphony,” but homophony was
favored in the early 17th century.
17th century music was based on
long, complex melodies; 18th
century listeners preferred
simple, short, folk-like melodies.
ST YLISTIC PERIODS
450-1450
1450-1600
1600-1750
1750-1820
1820-1900
1900-2000
5-15C
16C
17C
18C
19C
20C
Middle Ages
Renaissance
Baroque
Classical
Romantic
Twentieth Century
ST YLISTIC PERIODS
5-15C
16C
17C
18C
19C
20C
Middle Ages
Renaissance
Baroque
Classical
Romantic
Twentieth Century
WORK NEXT CLASS:
Submit signed checklists.
Kamien
Part III: Ch 3, 4
BEFORE NEXT CLASS:
1 . Read the syllabus thoroughly & fill out Syllabus
Checklist.
2. Register on Connect Kamien.
3. Part I: Work through Scan read Part III: Ch, 1 , 2,
4. In class: Part III, Ch. 3, 4
4. Review Elements Part I: Learn musical term
definitions.
Practice naming instruments by sound.
YouTube Gems
Connect Kamien 3 practice tasks
5. Explore:
Text--learn structure & organization.
Connect Kamien
McGraw-Hill Online Leaning Center
ML Hartman’s S.U. website
TODAY’S PRESENTATION
is posted at the
Introduction to Music website:
http://webspace.ship.edu/mlhartman/Introhome.html