Inner core
Outer core
Mantle
Crust
Increases
Seismic Waves.
Iron and Nickel
*Mostly IRON
*Outer Core=liquid
1.
2.
3.
Geological: Mountains in S. America
line up with those in Africa
Fossils: Glossopteris and dinosaur
remains in certain areas
Climate: Glaciers in Africa and tropical
plants in Antarctica
http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/images/history/fossils3.gif
Notice how fossils lined up across continents!
Did you know...
1. that India was once in the Southern Hemisphere
connected to Antarctica?
2. that North America was once surrounded by warm,
tropical seas?
3. that Africa was once covered by glaciers, which were
kilometers in thickness?
4. that the Sahara desert was once a tropical rain forest?
The supercontinent of all
continents as one landmass
Remains of living things. Has to
have rapid burial and be
preserved
The longest chain of mountains
in the world. Found at the
bottom of the Atlantic Ocean.
Formed at a divergent boundary
where molter material is coming
up from the mantle
: www.ocean.udel.edu
Did you know that the Earth’s longest mountain range is
underwater and is called the mid-ocean ridge?
The Mid-Ocean Ridge system, shown above snaking its way
between the continents, is more than 56,000 kilometers (35,000 mi)
long. It circles the earth like the stitching on a baseball!
Sea-floor happens at a divergent
boundary at the mid-ocean
ridge. New crust is being made
and getting pushed further from
the boundary.
Old crust=further away from
boundary
Convection Currents
1.
2.
Plate Tectonics=plates are in
constant motion due to
convection currents.
Continental drift=all
continents were once a single
land mass named Pangea
1.
2.
3.
Covergent: collide/coming together.
Produces: Mountains, trenches,
volancoes, volcanic islands
Divergent: apart. Produces: rift valleys
and mid-ocean ridges
Transform: slide horizontally. Produces:
earthquakes and faults
Diverge on continental plates
Continental crust diverging from continental
Made up of the upper mantle
and crust. It is the tectonic plates
that are moving on top of the
asthenosphere
The plastic like layer that is
found in the upper mantle. The
plates float on this!
Convection=transfer of heat. It
happens in the mantle because
the molten material is getting
heated from the inner core.
Hot=less dense=rises
Cold=more dense=sinks
Mid-ocean ridges
*Sea floor spreading
This is a model of sea floor spreading at a
divergent boundary is called a mid ocean ridge.
1.
2.
3.
C + C=mountains
C + O= subduction of O.
Volcanoes and trenches form.
O + O=subdction of one of
the O’s. Volcanic islands and
trenches form
Inner core.
*The liquid outer core makes the
inner core spin
Ocean crust is being formed at
divergent boundaries.
The ocean crust is being
subducted back into the mantle
causing a trench
Density = mass/volume!
Divergent
Asthenosphere
It’s MORE DENSE. Twice as
much elements!!!