Ch. 21 East versus West: A Global
Divide and a Cold War
Chelsea Jeanson-Ham
Social Studies
Education
Minnesota Standards
• 13. Post-World War II geopolitical reorganization produced the Cold War
balance of power and new alliances that were based on competing economic
and political doctrines. (The World After World War II: 1950-1989)
• 22. Post-World War II United States was shaped by an economic boom, Cold
War military engagements, politics and protests, and rights movements to
improve the status of racial minorities, women and America’s indigenous
peoples. (Post- World War II United States: 1945-1989)
• 2. Historical inquiry is a process in which multiple sources and different
kinds of historical evidence are analyzed to draw conclusions about how and
why things happened in the past.
Learning Objectives
The students will:
• Analyze the primary document
• Identify the strengths and weaknesses of each side
• Outline the goals of the U.S and Soviet Union
• Describe the major events
• Understand the outcome of the cold war and its lasting effects
1. Who's side are
they from?
2. What is the
message?
3. Why might that
be important to
their war
effort?
The Beginnings
• Communist regimes brought
revolutionary change
• Launched global conflict
• Western capitalist fear communism
• Allies during WWII
• Major powers
• Opposing views of history, society, and
international relations
http://tropico.wikia.com/wiki/Cold_War
Military Conflict and the Cold War
• Soviet asserts control in Eastern
Europe, but U.S and G.B want open
and democratic societies that will
be part of capitalist economy
• NATO
• Warsaw Pact
• “Iron Curtain” – divide in Berlin
http://resourcesforhistoryteachers.wikispaces.com/file/view/cold_war_mp.jpg/30572399/480x349/cold_war_mp.jpg
Document: Churchill's “Iron Curtain Speech”
1. Why does Winston Churchill feel that he can
speak freely to the audience?
2. How did the two sides of the iron curtain differ
from each other?
3. What is his tone?
4. Based on his speech what should be the next
step the U.S takes?
5. What is his opinion of Russia? How does this
differ from what we think of today?
http://quotesnsmiles.com/picture-quotes/images-20-winston-churchill-picture-quotes-to-motivate-success/
Communism extends to Asia
• China
• Mao
• Korea
• North invades south in 1950
• American and Chinese involvement
• Still divided
• Vietnam
• Efforts to unify by communists
• Massive American invasion
• Protest at home
• “Hot wars”
• America fears domino effect
• Afghanistan
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/
macarthur/maps/koreatxt.html
http://www.fasttrackteaching.com/burns/Unit_11_Cold_War/U11_Cold_War_Conflicts.html
Cuban Missile Crisis
Fidel Castro came to power in 1959
U.S pressure pushed closer to soviets
Considered revolution Marxist
Win for soviets – no army needed
Nikita Khrushchev secretly deployed
missiles to Cuba to stop U.S intervention
• Americans blockade island – invasion
• Fear of nuclear exchange
• Compromise between Kennedy and
Khrushchev
•
•
•
•
•
http://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/castros-defining-crisis
Nuclear Standoff and Third World Rivalry
Arms race for nuclear weapons
60,000 warheads
More accurate
Small amount could reduce a major city to
rubble, chaos, and possible extinction
• Both sides aware – avoid
• Both try to attract countries with military
and economic aid, educational
opportunities, political pressure, and
covert action.
•
•
•
•
http://classroom.synonym.com/after-cold-war-did-nuclear-weapons-soviet-union-possessed-go-21842.html
Duck and Cover!
The Cold War and the Superpowers - America
• Emergence of America as global super power
• Containment
• “Imperial” presidency and “National Security
state”
• Increasing middle class
• Productive economy
• Sent capital abroad 19 billion to 81 billion in
1965
• Culture spread globally
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/retailandconsumer/8279130/McDonalds-the-early-years.html?image=5
The Cold War and the Superpowers – Soviet
• Emphasis on military and defense
industries
• Propaganda vilifies U.S
• More conflict
• Invade Hungary and Czechoslovakia
• Suppression of reforms gave credit to
the other side
• Triumph in Vietnam
https://history.state.gov/milestones/1961-1968/soviet-invasion-czechoslavkia
Paths to the End of Communism
• Mao dies in 1976
• Mikhail Gorbachev came to power in 1985
• Disintegrate Soviet Union in 1991
• Stagnant economies
• Violence
http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/death-joseph-stalin
•
•
•
•
Stalin's terror
Pg 1076-1078
What did people experience?
Why might he use these tactics?
China: Abandoning Communism and Maintaining
the Party
• Deng Xiaoping becomes leader
• Wants political stability and economic growth
• Dismantle collectivized farming and return to
small scale
• State enterprises given more authority
• Welcomed foreign investment
• Produce food, clothing, and building materials
• Massive corruption, overcrowding, pollution, etc.
The Soviet Union: The Collapse of
Communism and the Country
http://ias.umn.edu/2014/11/06/kuftinec/
• Tackle economic stagnation, black markets,
apathy, and cynicism
• Freeing enterprises, cooperatives, private farming,
some foreign investment
• Glasnost policy – cultural and intellectual freedom
• Gorbachev makes cuts in forces and negotiations
with U.S
• Further decline
• Democracy movement
• 1989 miracle year
Conclusions
•
•
•
•
•
•
Ending to 45 years of war
Goals of both sides
Communism shrinks
North Korea today
Opening with Cuba
Contradictions