America becomes a world power:
imperialism
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DEFINITION OF IMPERIALISM
The policy in which
stronger nations extend
their economic, political,
or military control over
weaker territories
The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition
Copyright © 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company.
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IMPERIALISM IN THE 19TH AND EARLY 20TH
CENTURIES
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PACIFIC ISLANDS “UP FOR GRABS”
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•Traditional foreign policy
•Definition of imperialism
•Reasons and
rationalizations for
imperialism
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TRADITIONAL UNITED STATES FOREIGN
POLICY WAS ISOLATIONIST
“It is our true policy
to steer clear of
permanent
alliances with any
portion of the
foreign world”
PRESIDENT GEORGE
WASHINGTON, 1796
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Most of the 19th century was spent exploring and
settling the western frontier of the united states,
this changed the perception of American boundaries
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“Manifest destiny” extended beyond
the borders of the united states
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REASONS AND RATIONALIZATIONS FOR
IMPERIALISM
•To gain more power in the
international arena by following
the European example (Global
Competition)
•Missionary zeal
•To gain more wealth
•Desire for military strength
•Belief in cultural superiority
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Which countries were the most powerful
based on this map alone?
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Great Britain, a major world power, served
as a role model of an imperialist power
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Missionary zeal, the desire to convert
“heathen, non-believers” led to
people moving to “uncivilized” areas in
hopes of helping natives
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SOCIAL DARWINISM
Based on Charles Darwin's theory of evolution
and the survival of the fittest but applied to
society and politics. The wealthy are the
strong and therefore have the right to rule
the poor who are weak. The united states as a
strong nation must dominate the weaker
nations.
philosopher Herbert
Spencer who
developed the
theory of social
Darwinism
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•Hawaii
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Missionaries from the U.S. went to Hawaii in
the late early 19th century
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Hawaii, Why?
•
•
•
•
Missionary work
Perfect stop for ships on way to Asia
Sugar
Pearl Harbor
Queen Liliuokalani,
LAST QUEEN OF HAWAII
Read pg 344
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SANFORD DOLE
Became president of the republic of Hawaii after
the queen was overthrown. Hawaii was annexed as
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part of the u.s. in 1898
Something to think about!
• Should America continue with Imperialistic
views?
• Should America give back places they
took over?
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•Role of media
•U.S.S. Maine
•War in Cuba
•Teller amendment
•Philippines
•Differing opinions on imperialism
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PROBLEMS BETWEEN CUBA AND THEIR SPANISH
RULERS DOMINATE AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY AT
THE END OF THE 19TH CENTURY
CUBA
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American Interest in Cuba
• In 1854 Cuba was under control of Spain
• America wanted to buy it
• Cubans revolted against Spain but lost.
– Demanded slavery be outlawed
• Spain crushed them and put in
concentration camps
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YELLOW JOURNALISM
CARTOON
WHERE THE
TERM “YELLOW
JOURNALISM”
CAME FROM
IN 1898 NEWSPAPERS PROVIDED THE
PUBLIC WITH INFORMATION. PEOPLE
LACKED THE ABILITY TO VERIFY IF
THE STORIES WERE BIASED OR
INACCURATE AND THEREFORE
RELIED UPON NEWSPAPERS TO TELL
THE TRUTH. PULITZER AND HEARST
TOOK ADVANTAGE OF THE PUBLIC’S
IGNORANCE BY TWISTING THE TRUTH
TO SELL MORE NEWSPAPERS.
SENSATIONALIZED STORIES WERE
FEATURED HEAVILY IN THEIR
NEWSPAPERS SINCE EXCITING
HEADLINES INCREASED
CIRCULATION.
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Yellow journalism is a type of journalism that
downplays legitimate news in favor of eyecatching headlines that sell more
newspapers.
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• Yellow journalism is any kind of reporting that fans the
flames of hate against another group of people and
demonizes them so as to legitimize obliteration of the
‘other’. By that definition, all news coverage leading up to
and including the ongoing war against Iraq and
Afghanistan, and the coverage of Iran is yellow
journalism.
An easy way to think abut it is if the news is covered in
such a way that the reader or TV viewer is encouraged
to cheer the death and destruction of the ‘other’
(‘enemy’) is yellow journalism. In a civilized society, it is
wrong to cheer the death of anyone, even the ‘other’ who
may not be so nice to us.
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PULITZER
HEARST
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NEWSPAPERS FOCUSED ON SPANISH
ATROCITIES TOWARDS THE CUBAN PEOPLE TO
IGNITE PASSIONS AGAINST SPAIN
SPANISH GENERAL
WEYLER WAS SEEN AS
A “BUTCHER” IN THE
US FOR HIS
TREATMENT OF THE
CUBAN PEOPLE
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The u.s. public was especially
sympathetic towards women
in Cuba. Hearst focused on a
young woman, known in the
United States as Evangelina
Cisneros, who was imprisoned
in Havana. Petitions for her
freedom were signed by
prominent U.S. women and the
pope, and addressed to the
Queen regent of Spain.
Evangelina managed to
escape with the help of
correspondent Karl Decker,
who probably bribed her
guards. The story presented
to the public was that of a
heroic "journalist that
acts."
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ALL THAT WAS NEEDED TO START A WAR WAS A
SPARK AND THIS CAME ON FEBRUARY 15TH,
1898, IN HAVANA HARBOR.
USS MAINE IN HAVANA, CUBA HARBOR
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Yellow journalists were quick to blame the
Spanish
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What is the message of this
cartoon?
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U.S Demanded
• 6 month cease fire, and many other things.
• Did not matter
– America was thirsty for blood
– April 20, 1898 U.S. declares war on Spain
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Troops mobilizing for war
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FIGHTING IN CUBA
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US GATLING GUNS: AN EARLY TYPE OF
MACHINE GUN
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BATTLE SCENE WITH TEDDY
ROOSEVELT ON THE HORSE
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THEODORE ROOSEVELT AND THE “ROUGH
RIDERS” IN CUBA
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US FORCES CONQUER THE PHILIPPINES
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US OCCUPIES TWO MORE SPANISH
COLONIAL POSSESSIONS
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Treaty of Paris
• Ended the Spanish American War
– Granted independence of Cuba from Spain.
– U.S. helped with infrastructure.
– U.S. had right to use Cuba for military
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US DESTROYS THE SPANISH FLEET AT MANILA BAY
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•Spheres of influence
•Boxer rebellion
•Open door policy
•Japan becomes imperialist
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FOREIGN INTERVENTION IN CHINA TAKES
CENTER STAGE AT THE END OF THE 19TH
CENTURY
RUSSIA 18961898
BRITAIN
1898
GERMANY
1898
BRITAIN 1842
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BOXER REBELLION, 1900
Boxers were a group of people who did not want
outside influences in China
Boxer rebel
BOXER SOLDIER
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Boxer troops entered the foreign
held Peking (Beijing)
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An international force
retaliated and seized control
of Peking
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WHO ARE THE LAND GRABBERS? WHY DO YOU THINK UNCLE
SAM IS TRYING TO STOP THEM?
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Why did U.S. Do this?
• Why did U.S. believe in this cause
– 1. the growth of U.S. economy depended its
exports.
– 2. We felt we had right to intervene abroad to
keep foreign markets open
• 3. The fear of closing an area of world to trade
would cripple U.S. economy.
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TEDDY ROOSEVELT’S FOREIGN
POLICY
“Speak softly and carry a big stick”
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WHAT INTERNATIONAL ROLE DID ROOSEVELT
ENVISION FOR THE UNITED STATES?
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•The need for a canal ,Why?
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US INTERESTS TURNED TOWARD CENTRAL AMERICA AND A
QUICKER WAY OF MOVING SHIPS BETWEEN THE EAST AND
WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA
15,000 MILES
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ADVANTAGE OF AN ISTHMIAN CANAL
8,000 miles
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PANAMA, A PROVINCE OF COLOMBIA, WAS CHOSEN
FOR THE SITE OF THE PROPOSED CANAL
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Big Problem!
• Columbia controlled Panama and wouldn’t
sell the land to U.S. for the proposed $40
million.
• U.S. helped Panama declare
independence.
• Fixed the problem
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ROOSEVELT’S SOLUTION WAS TO SUPPORT
A PANAMANIAN REVOLUTION
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In Cuba dr. Gorgas
learned yellow fever
was transmitted through
mosquitoes. his discovery
allowed the canal to be
built.
1905 fumigation car
eradicating
the mosquitoes
WILLIAM C. GORGAS
1905 Yellow
Fever Quarantine
Station63
Construction of the canal
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51 miles long, 43,000 workers,
5,600 deaths, $380 million to build
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•
•
•
•
Locks are 1,000 ft long
110 ft wide
41 ft deep
170 ft elevation change
PRESIDENT
ROOSEVELT VISITS
THE CANAL
CONSTRUCTION
SITE IN 1906
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Mira Flores, Panama
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1914 Opening of the Panama
Canal
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Panama canal today
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