Chapter 12
Diseases of the Endocrine System
Glands and Function
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Pituitary – regulated by hypothalmus,
produces hormones for growth, follicle
stimulating, thyroid stimulating, and
luteinizing; also antidiuretic hormone;
manages uterine contraction hormone and
breast milk stimulation
Thyroid– releases thyroxine for cellular
oxygen consumption/heat and energy
Parathyroid – release parathormone to
regulate calcium and phosphate circulation
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Adrenal – secrete steroid hormones for salt
balance, sodium retention, potassium
secretion by kidneys, regulate carbohydrate,
lipid and protein metabolism and sex
hormones
Island of Langerhans – Pancreas secretes
insulin, islets of Langerhans secrete
Glucagon to work antagonistically with
insulin, together they maintain blood glucose
levels
Testis- release testosterone
Ovaries- release estrogen
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Signs and symptoms
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Thyroiditis – Pain, swelling, thyroid
tenderness, goiter
Addison’s disease – Weight loss, fatigue,
anorexia, abdominal discomfort, vomiting,
diarrhea
Cushing’s syndrome (benign) –
Hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, fluid
retention, weight gain, weakness, fatigue,
hypertension
Hypergonadism – Precocious sexual
development
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Signs and symptoms
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Hyperparathyroidism- Weak bones (deform,
fx) kidney stones, depressed nervous system,
bone pain, weak muscles, slow heart rate,
abdominal pain, vomiting, constipation
Type 1 Diabetes – Polyuria, polydipsia,
polyphagia, weight loss
Type 2 Diabetes – Polyuria, polydipsia
Hypogonadism – Lack of sexual
development, eunichism
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