HONORS
NOTES- Chapter 20, Section 1: English Parliament in Early Modern Europe
Charles I: King of England who was executed.
English Civil War: War fought from 1642 to 1649 between the Royalists, or Cavaliers, and the Puritan supporters of Parliament.
Oliver Cromwell: Leader of the Puritans.
Restoration: Period after the monarchy was restored in England.
Habeas Corpus: Law giving prisoners the right to obtain a document saying that the prisoner cannot go to jail without being
brought before a judge.
Glorious Revolution: Bloodless overthrow of King James II.
Constitutional Monarchy: Government in which laws limit the monarch’s power.
Cabinet: A group of government ministers that was a link between the monarch and a Parliament
How did Early Modern Europe Develop?
•
•
•
How did European states resemble those in other parts of the world in the mid-18th century? How did they differ?
What was the relationship between military technology, especially naval power, and the growth of European
colonial empires?
What factors led to the political and economic transformation of Western Europe and its emergence as a region that
would eventually (for a time) dominate much of the world?
Characteristics of Early Modern Europe
•
Era of European dominance in mid-17th through mid-20th centuries
• Impact on virtually every civilization
•
Dominance of five major states
• Great Britain, France, Austria, Prussia, Russia
• Shift in power from Mediterranean to north
• Military conflict common
•
Economic advances led to dominance
• Stable food supply
• Population growth
• The Industrial Revolution brought productive capacity previously unknown
Two Models of State Building
•
•
•
•
Monarchs seek new sources of revenue
 Rising military costs
Two models of government emerge
French Absolutism (Louis XIV)
 Centralized government independent of nobles, diets, and parliaments
English parliamentary monarchy (Stuart kings)
 Governed with and through the support of Parliament
Chronology of English History
1603:
1625:
1629:
1640:
1642:
1649:
1649-1660:
1660:
1670:
1672:
1685:
1688:
1689:
1701:
1702-1714:
1714:
1721-1742:
James VI of Scotland became King James I of England after the death of Elizabeth I
Charles I became king of England.
Charles I dissolved Parliament and embarked on 11 years of personal rule.
April thru May- Short Parliament; Nov- Long Parliament convenes
Outbreak of the English Civil War
Charles I executed.
Various attempts at a Puritan Commonwealth.
Charles II restored to the English throne as ruler.
Secret Treaty of Dover between France and England was signed.
Parliament passed the Test Act
King James Ii became king of England.
Glorious Revolution
William III and Mary II came to the throne of England
The Act of Settlement was passed; provided for Hanoverian Succession to the throne.
Queen Anne ruled England (last of the Stuart monarchs)
King George I of Hanover became the king of England.
Ascenendancy of Sir Robert Walpole
England: The First Stuart Monarchs
•
James I (1603–1625)



•
Charles I (1625–1649)

•
Hoped to summon Parliament only rarely
Puritans wanted a more radical reformation
James I favored peaceful relations with Roman Catholic Spain and France
Followed ideals of his father, James I
Both faced political and religious opposition in their attempts to make the English monarchy supreme
English Civil War (1642–1646)
• Causes



•
Religion
Arbitrary taxation
The Stuarts’ disregard for Parliament
Outcome

Parliament and Puritan forces triumph, 1645
• Disputes continue
• Parliament votes to execute Charles I, 1649
• Monarchy, House of Lords, and Church of England abolished
England Under the Rule of Oliver Cromwell
•
•
Leader of new Puritan republic
 Victorious general from the civil war
 Eventually encountered problems with the Parliament
 Governed from 1653 as military dictator
Death in 1658 resulted in restoration of Stuart monarchy
 People had become disillusioned with Puritan strictness
 Political uncertainty
Restoration of the Stuart Kings
• Charles II (1660-1685)



•
Parliament imposed strict religious code
Charles favored religious toleration
• Secret treaty with France
Parliament passes Test Act
James II (1685-1688)


Roman Catholic
• Extended toleration
Still attempting to subject all institutions to the power of the monarchy
Glorious Revolution
•
•
People hoped that James II would be succeeded by Mary, his Protestant eldest daughter
 Wife of William of Orange of the Netherlands
Catholic second wife of James II gave birth to a male heir in 1688
 The Parliament invited William to invade England
• William was received without opposition
 James II fled to France
 William and Mary rule from 1689
• Bill of Rights and the Toleration Act of 1689
• Act of Settlement in 1701
Age of Walpole
•
•
•
King George I assumed the throne
Robert Walpole (1676-1745)
 First prime minister of Great Britain; had the support of King George I
 Control over government patronage
Supremacy of Parliament provided Britain with unity achieved elsewhere through absolutism
 Walpole brought England tremendous stability
 Military power and political liberty