The People of the Civil War
Developed by: Todd Goodwin
Bob Jones
Marilyn Zavorski
Applewild School
Fitchburg, MA
Fitchburg State College, Fitchburg, MA
Teaching American History: Secession, Civil War and Reconstruction
July 2005
Focus: The War Begins, 1861 – 1862
Confederate High Tide, 1862 –1863
Yankee Resurgence, 1863 – 1865
Billy Yank and Johnny Reb
Fitchburg State College, Fitchburg, MA
Teaching American History: Secession, Civil War and Reconstruction
July 2005
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Between 1861 and 1865 the people of the United States
were involved, as Abraham Lincoln reminded us at
Gettysburg, in “a great civil war, testing whether
that nation or any nation, so conceived and so
dedicated can long endure.”
Who were these people?
Some, like Abraham
Lincoln, President of the
United States of America,
are still very familiar to us
today.
Can you name the
president of the
seceding states,
also called the
Confederate States
of America?
Jefferson Davis
http://www.civil-war.net/cw_images/files/images/151.jpg
What is the term
used to describe the
official advisors to
the president?
Cabinet
Here is President
Lincoln’s cabinet.
Here is the
Confederate Cabinet.
Many remember Generals Grant and Lee. Which side did each lead?
General Grant
The Union
General Lee
The Confederates
Which Union general is
remembered for his famous
“march to the sea” through
Georgia?
William Tecumseh Sherman
Which Confederate
general, who Lee
called his right arm,
was tragically killed by
his own men at
Chancellorsville,VA?
Hint: His nickname
was Stonewall.
Thomas J. Jackson
There sure were many generals in the Civil War.
This is Winfield Scott, the
highest ranking Federal
general at the beginning of
the war.
Whom did he recommend
to Lincoln for field
commander of the Union
Army?
Robert E. Lee
Here
Hereare
aretwo
twoConfederate
Confederategenerals:
generals:
P. G. T. Beauregard
Joseph E. Johnston
For much of the war Lincoln
sought a general who would
aggressively attack the
Confederate Army.
Pictured here with President
Lincoln is one of his more
controversial generals, who
later ran for president
against Lincoln.
Can you name him?
George B. McClellan
Here are three other
Union generals.
Both sides in the war used
soldiers riding on horseback.
What is the term for this type
of soldier?
Cavalry
Here is Lee’s most famous cavalry
commander, J. E. B. Stuart.
Note the the high boots and
saber and plumed hat of this
cavalry leader.
Here is another group of southern cavalry raiders under the
leadership John S. Mosby in the center with the plumed hat.
On the left is General Philip Sheridan, a Union cavalry leader and his staff.
The man sitting on the chair on the right is nicknamed the “boy general.”
Can you name him?
Hint: Later he will be known for his “last stand.”
George Armstrong Custer
Many of the officers on both
sides of the war were graduates
of the United States Military
Academy at West Point.
On the right is Custer as a
lieutenant.
On the left is his West Point
classmate, James Washington of
the Confederate Army, who had
just been captured.
Both sides also had navies, though the Union’s was much stronger.
The fleets of
these two men
helped control
the Mississippi
River for the
Union.
Admiral David G. Farragut
Admiral David Dixon Porter
In addition to the famous, people
of all walks of life were involved
in the Civil War. They were the
farmers, teamsters, mill workers,
craftsmen, women, children and
slaves. Some we know by name,
some remain anonymous.
All over the country
there were state and
local militia groups.
Here are some
Virginian militia on
the eve of the war.
To meet the increased
demand, soldiers were
recruited from all walks
of life.
Northern
Recruitment
Poster
http://www.wildwestweb.net/cwphotos.html
As the war progressed, both sides resorted to drafting men
to fight. This was not popular with all citizens.
http://www.hangmansknot.com/images/pic_riots.gif
Over 3 million people
served in the armies of
the Civil War.
http://www.civil-war.net/
http://www.civil-war.net/cw_images/files/images/007.jpg
Here is a Union regimental band in training camp.
What were bands and musicians
used for in the war?
Click on the drum
to hear the Battle
Cry of Freedom.
They provided signals and
directions during battle and
entertainment in camp.
Close the website X and
advance this slide with arrow key.
Here is the crew of the USS Monitor. What was a monitor?
It is was a class of ironclad ships built by the Union Navy.
However, the war wasn’t just fighting.
Fraternization - Federal and Confederate pickets trading between
the lines -- usually northern coffee for southern tobacco.
Original pencil drawing by Edwin Forbes.
Drawing: Library of Congress
Here are some of Sherman’s soldiers tearing up
southern railroad tracks on their “march to the sea.”
Here are Lee’s men just after learning about the
southern surrender at Appomattox.
Women played a valuable role in this era.
First published in 1852,
Harriet Beecher Stowe's
novel greatly helped the
anti-slavery movement.
http://www.wildwestweb.net/cwphotos.html
Harriet Beecher Stowe worked to awaken the North
to the harshness of slavery.
Slave Pen, Alexandria, Va.
Photographer: Andrew J. Russell.
http://www.wildwestweb.net/cwphotos2.html
For over 200 years black slaves toiled to build America
from agriculture and the crafts . . .
http://images.encarta.msn.com/xrefmedia/sharemed/targets/images/pho/t001/T001921B.jpg
to urban labor.
Black Laborers on a Wharf - James River, VA
http://www.civil-war.net/cw_images/files/images/014.jpg
The coming of war
changed the status
of many blacks.
Escaped slaves seek refuge behind Union lines Such blacks were often called "contrabands."
Historical photo: Library of Congress
The great abolitionist leader,
Frederick Douglass, urged the
North to enlist Blacks to fight
for the cause.
Frederick Douglass - Anti-slavery leader (1817-95).
Historical photo: Library of Congress
Company E, 4th US. Colored Infantry Fort Lincoln, District of Columbia
By the end of the war, over 200,00 blacks served
in the Union Army and Navy.
Recruitment Handbill
“In this Civil War handbill
for black recruits, African
American soldiers are
shown liberating slaves
and bringing new hope for
a good education and a
productive way of life.”
http://americanhistory.si.edu/brown/history/1-segregated/detail/recruitment-handbill.html
Women served in a variety of ways.
Clara Barton was given a
nickname for helping the
sick and wounded soldiers
on the battlefield.
What was it?
“Angel of the Battlefield”
Annie Ethridge
"Civilian"
(aka Gentle Annie,
Michigan Annie)
Daughter of the Regiment/Nurse
http://www.geocities.com/Pentagon/Quarters/8558/2ndMich/bios/bioannie.html
•Served with: 2nd, 3rd and 5th Michigan Infantry, also closely connected with the 40th
New York (Mozart Regiment) Volunteer Infantry
•Present at: First Bull Run, Williamsburg, Second Bull Run, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg,
Wilderness, Spotsylvania, Petersburg, Cold Harbor, Blackburn's Ford, Appomattox and
New York to help limit draft riots; also worked on several transport ships: Knickerbocker,
Louisiana, Daniel Webster, Wenona
http://www.vivandiere.net/unionvivs.html
Dr. Mary Edwards
Walker
November 26, 1832 February 21, 1919
http://www.undelete.org/military/mil3walker.html
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/changingthefaceofmedicine/physicians/biography_325.html
Surgeon, Spy, Suffragette, Prisoner of War, Proponent of Style
and Congressional Medal of Honor Winner
These two women were spies for the Confederacy.
Pauline Cushman was
a spy for the USA.
Rose Greenhow warned the
Confederacy of the Union
advance, which led to the
first Battle of Bull Run.
She is pictured here with
her daughter while in
Union custody.
Some women even fought in combat.
Malinda Blalock, alias Sam Blalock
“This is a photograph of
‘Sam’ Blalock of Co. F
(The Hibriten Guards) of
the 26th NC Troops. She
is holding a photograph of
her husband, William
McKesson (Keith) Blalock,
who also served in Co. F.
‘Sam’ was born in 1842
and, at age 20, she and
her husband would
embark on a remarkable
adventure.”
http://www.cojoweb.com/malinda_blaylock.html
She served
many months
in Missouri
artillery and
cavalry units
disguised as a
man.
Frances Clayton
Photos from Boston Public Library
Sarah Emma Edmonds
of Michigan
(originally from Canada)
alias Frank Thompson,
Civil War soldier and spy
Loreta Janeta Velazquez, b. 1842
http://docsouth.unc.edu/velazquez/velazquez.html
Alias, Harry T. Buford, C.S.A.
Children also served in the war.
Photographers and
illustrators helped us
remember the people of the
Civil War.
Mathew Brady
Alexander Gardner
Brady's photographic outfit in
the field near Petersburg, Va.,
1864.
http://www.treasurenet.com/images/civilwar/CIVIL067.JPG
Alfred Waud
They photographed and drew
both the living and the dead
http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/gtburg.htm
The Dead at Antietam by Alexander Gardner
http://www.ipeters.de/photography.html#gardner
Reconnaissance by Buford’s Calvary towards the Rapidan River [published in Harper's Weekly,October 3, 1863]
by Alfred Waud
http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/treasures/trm041.html
Those who actually lived during this period are no longer with us.
Confederate and Union soldiers shaking hands - Old
soldiers are reunited in peaceful times at the 50th anniversary
of the Battle of Gettysburg, 1913.
Historical photo: Library of Congress
President Lincoln
helped us remember
these people with
his words in the
Gettysburg Address.
Gettysburg, PA - Audience during Lincoln's Address, November 19, 1863.
This is the only known photo taken of the event.
Historical photo: Library of Congress
Gettysburg Address
in
President Lincoln's
handwriting.
http://www.wildwestweb.net/cwphotos.html
“… we here highly resolve that these
dead shall not have died in vain, that
this nation under God shall have a
new birth of freedom, and that
government of the people, by the
people, for the people shall not perish
from the earth.”
Click on Abe to hear
Johnny Cash read the
Gettysburg Address.
Close the website X and
press the right arrow key to
continue.
Image credits
Miller, Francis Trevelyan, ed., Photographic History of the Civil War, 10 volumes,
Springfield, MA: Patriot Publishing, 1911. (brown-tint images)
Civil War ClipArt CD by Finley-Holiday Film Corp., Whittier, CA
Civil War Picture CD by Finley-Holiday Film Corp., Whittier, CA
http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/brady-photos/
http://www.civil-war.net/ excellent
http://civilwarclipart.com/Clipartgallery/clipart1.htm
http://classroomclipart.com/
http://216.247.171.108/Clipartgallery/illus.html
http://www.mdhs.org/library/Z24CivilWar.html excellent
http://www.wildwestweb.net/cwphotos.html
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/cwphtml/cwphome.html
http://www.tennessee-scv.org/Camp1513/clipart.htm
http://www.wisegorilla.com/images/civilwar/civilwar.html
These websites may be
opened by clicking on them.
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