CHAPTER 5 - NOMENCLATURE
IONIC COMPOUNDS
NAMING
Name the cation first, then name the anion second
CATIONS
1)
Metals that form only one monatomic cation
Name as the elemental name
4A-1 (of 32)
Al3+
Group 1 (1+)
Group 2 (2+)
Zn2+
Ag+
4A-2
Ca2+
K+
Al3+
calcium
potassium
aluminum
4A-3
2)
Metals that form more than one monatomic cation
Name as the elemental name, followed by their charge as a roman
numeral in parenthesis
4A-4
Mn2+
Mn3+
Sn4+
manganese (II)
manganese (III)
tin (IV)
George Foreman
George Foreman
George Foreman
George Foreman
George Foreman
4A-5
3)
Cations that are polyatomic
NH4+
UO22+
Hg22+
ammonium
uranyl
mercury (I)
4A-6
ANIONS
1)
Nonmetals that form a monatomic anion
Name as the root of the elemental name, ending in -ide
4A-7
H (1-)
Group 17 (1-)
Group 16 (2-)
Group 15 (3-)
4A-8
O2-
Cl-
N3-
oxide
chloride
nitride
S2-
P3-
H-
4A-9
2)
Anions that are polyatomic
Name polyatomic anions that contain oxygen as the root of the
elemental name, ending in –ate or –ite
CO32-
NO3-
NO2-
carbonate
nitrate
nitrite
PO43-
SO42-
SO32-
phosphate
sulfate
sulfite
4A-10
Some elements can make 4 oxyions
ClO4-
perchlorate
ClO3-
chlorate
ClO2-
chlorite
ClO-
hypochlorite
4A-11
Name the following:
CaCl2
Na2O
calcium chloride
sodium oxide
4A-12
MgS
AuI3
PbBr2
3+ 111-
2+ 11-
gold (III) iodide
lead (II) bromide
4A-13
Cu2O
Cr2S3
K2SO4
3+ 23+ 22chromium (III) sulfide
4A-14
potassium sulfate
SnCO3
FORMULAS
Base formulas on charge balance
barium fluoride
Ba2+
F-
potassium oxide
K+
O2-
(2+) + (1-) + (1-) = 0
(1+) + (1+) + (2-) = 0
Need 2 to make total
charge 0
Need 2 to make total
charge 0
BaF2
K2O
4A-15
lithium nitride
aluminum sulfide
Al3+
S2-
(3+) + (3+) + (2-) + (2-) + (2-) = 0
Makes 6+
Al2S3
4A-16
Makes 6-
cobalt (III) chloride
Co3+
Cl-
(3+) + (1-) + (1-) + (1-) = 0
lithium nitrate
Li+
(1+) + (1-) = 0
Need 3 to make total
charge 0
CoCl3
4A-17
NO3-
LiNO3
Sodium bicarbonate
Na+
HCO3-
(1+) + (1-) = 0
barium hydroxide
Ba2+
OH-
(2+) + (1-) + (1-) = 0
Need 2 to make total
charge 0
NaHCO3
BaOH2
Ba(OH)2
4A-18
NO!
iron (III) nitrate
Fe3+
NO3-
(3+) + (1-) + (1-) + (1-) = 0
Need 3 to make total
charge 0
Fe(NO3)2
4A-19
zinc phosphate
HYDRATES
Compounds with water molecules trapped in their crystals
Name ionic compound first, then a prefix for the number of waters,
followed by -hydrate
1
2
3
4
5
4A-20
mono
di
tri
tetra
penta
6
7
8
9
10
hexa
hepta
octa
nona
deca
CuCl2.6H2O
iron (III) nitrate nonahydrate
copper (II) chloride hexahydrate
Fe(NO3)3.9H2O
4A-21
COVALENT COMPOUNDS
NAMING BINARY COMPOUNDS
Name the 1st nonmetal as element name, using prefix if more than 1
atom
Name the 2nd nonmetal with –ide, always use a prefix
CO2
CO
N2O
carbon dioxide
carbon monoxide
dinitrogen monoxide
4A-22
FORMULAS OF BINARY COMPOUNDS
Base formulas on prefixes
Phosphorus triiodide
PI3
4A-23
diarsenic pentasulfide
NAMING ACIDS
ARRHENIUS ACID – A compound that loses hydrogen ions in solution
ARRHENIUS BASE – A compound that loses hydroxide ions in solution
Out of water – named as an ionic compound
HCl (g)
hydrogen chloride
Dissolved in water – name based on name of the acid’s anion
4A-24
Anion in acid ends in –ide
hydro–root–ic acid
HBr
Anion in acid ends in –ate
root–ic acid
bromide ion
Anion in acid ends in –ite
root–ous acid
4A-25
Br-
hydrobromic acid
Anion in acid ends in –ide
hydro–root–ic acid
H2S
Anion in acid ends in –ate
root–ic acid
sulfide ion
Anion in acid ends in –ite
root–ous acid
4A-26
S2-
hydrosulfuric acid
Anion in acid ends in –ide
hydro–root–ic acid
HNO3
Anion in acid ends in –ate
root–ic acid
nitrate ion
Anion in acid ends in –ite
root–ous acid
4A-27
NO3nitric acid
Anion in acid ends in –ide
hydro–root–ic acid
H2SO4
Anion in acid ends in –ate
root–ic acid
sulfate ion
Anion in acid ends in –ite
root–ous acid
4A-28
SO42sulfuric acid
Anion in acid ends in –ide
hydro–root–ic acid
H3PO3
Anion in acid ends in –ate
root–ic acid
phosphite ion
Anion in acid ends in –ite
root–ous acid
4A-29
PO33phosphorous acid
FORMULAS OF ACIDS
Anion in acid ends in –ide
hydro–root–ic acid
hydrofluoric acid
Anion in acid ends in –ate
root–ic acid
F-
Anion in acid ends in –ite
root–ous acid
4A-30
fluoride ion
HF
FORMULAS OF ACIDS
Anion in acid ends in –ide
hydro–root–ic acid
carbonic acid
Anion in acid ends in –ate
root–ic acid
CO32-
Anion in acid ends in –ite
root–ous acid
4A-31
carbonate ion
H2CO3
FORMULAS OF ACIDS
Anion in acid ends in –ide
hydro–root–ic acid
nitrous acid
Anion in acid ends in –ate
root–ic acid
NO2-
Anion in acid ends in –ite
root–ous acid
4A-32
nitrite ion
HNO2