Chapter 6: Sensation & Perception
The Eyes Have It
Theories and Concepts Rules of Organization
The better to
hear you with.
Amazing!
Sensational
It’s a mirage!
Deprivation and Adaptation Imagine that!
I was expecting something else!
The Eyes Have It
500
400
300
200
100
The better to hear you with.
500
400
300
200
100
Sensational
500
400
300
200
100
Theories and
Concepts
500
400
300
200
100
Amazing!
500
400
300
200
100
It’s a mirage.
500 30
400
300
200 27
100
Rules of Organization
500
400 34
300
200
100
Deprivation and Adaptation
500 40
400 39
300
200
100
I was expecting something
else!
500
400
300
200
100 41
Imagine that!
500
400
300
200
100
1. Cones are different from rods in
that:
• A) rods respond to color and are
located in the peripheral.
• B) cones respond to black/white and
are located in the peripheral.
• C) rods respond to black/white and
are located in the fovea.
• D) cones respond to color and are
located in the fovea.
2. The adjustable center of the
eye that changes due to light is
called ___.
•
•
•
•
•
A) fovea
B) iris
C) cornea
D) pupil
E) lens
3. The lens thins or thickens to
focus light in a process known as:
•
•
•
•
•
A) visual sharpening.
B) lens bending.
C) accommodation.
D) optic chiasm.
E) assimilation.
4. Weber’s law has to do with the
___ of a stimulus.
•
•
•
•
•
A) absolute threshold
B) just noticeable difference
C) subliminal threshold
D) sensory adaptation
E) SDT matrix
5. If someone is severely damaged
in the left visual cortex, they
would be unable to see:
•
•
•
•
•
A) anything in their left eye.
B) anything in their right eye.
C) anything in their right visual field.
D) anything in their left visual field.
E) anything at all.
6. Frequency is to ___ as amplitude is to
___.
•
•
•
•
•
A) overtones; timbre
B) loudness; pitch
C) pitch; timbre
D) decibels; hertz
E) pitch; loudness
7. The sequence of hearing is in the
order of:
• A) eardrum, auditory canal, middle ear,
inner ear.
• B) cochlea, eardrum, middle ear, inner
ear.
• C) eardrum, middle ear, auditory canal,
cochlea.
• D) auditory canal, eardrum, middle
ear, cochlea.
8. This accounts for the different
sound qualities of the same note
played by different instruments.
•
•
•
•
•
A) Intensity
B) Frequency
C) Pitch
D) Timbre
E) Loudness
9. The ___ has the sensory receptors
for sound consisting of tiny, hair-like
fibers.
•
•
•
•
•
A) ear canal
B) stirrup
C) basilar membrane
D) tympanic membrane
E) pinna
10. Sensorineural hearing loss
(nerve deafness):
• A) can be caused by viruses, diseases,
and genetics.
• B) can be completely corrected by a
simple hearing aid.
• C) is more likely the result of heavy traffic
than by a rock concert.
• D) can be caused by foreign object, ear
wax, and malformation.
• E) all of the above.
11. Which of the following senses is
best described as a chemical sense?
•
•
•
•
•
A) touch
B) vision
C) audition
D) kinesthesis
E) smell
12. Receptor cells have been
identified for five tastes including
sweet, salty, sour, ___ and ___.
•
•
•
•
•
A) bitter; spicy
B) hot; bitter
C) spicy; umami
D) bitter; umami
E) glutamate, umami
13. The kinesthetic sense
involves:
• A) the sense of balance or equilibrium.
• B) the sense of pain.
• C) the location and position of body
parts in relation to each other.
• D) hair-like receptor cells in the
semicircular canals.
• E)
mmmBus.
14. The gate-control theory has to
do with:
• A) how the brain regulates pain.
• B) how the brain sensitizes us to feel
You
remember:
LARGE
fibers
in
the
more acutely.
spinal cord CLOSE off the pain gate
• C)
information
about
andproviding
the small fibers
open the pain
gate.body
position and movement.
• D) difference thresholds in the
sense of touch.
15. Although Jeremy lost his left leg
beneath the knee, he often
experiences great pain in his left
foot. This is known as:
•
•
•
•
•
A) psychosomatic pain.
B) phantom limb pain.
C) substance P overload.
D) ineffective pain gate.
E) CIPA
16. Analyzing that begins with the
sensory receptors and works up to the
brain’s integration of data is called:
•
•
•
•
•
A) sensory processing.
B) bottom-up processing.
C) top down processing.
D) informational flow.
E) natural order integration.
17. The minimum stimulus necessary
to detect it 50% of the time is called
the:
•
•
•
•
•
A) central tendency.
B) minimum flash point.
C) absolute threshold.
D) sensory half-life.
E) just noticeable difference (JND)
18. A movie theater’s manager wants to
sell more popcorn by flashing subliminal
advertising during the previews. You tell
him:
• A) flash his ad with a soft drink.
• B) he needs to do it several times.
• C) he must accompany it with a bell.
• D) he has to time it differently for it
to work on different people.
• E) subliminal persuasion doesn’t work.
19. According to the Young-Helmholtz
trichromatic theory, the retina contains
color receptors:
• A) which pick up opponent colors of red/green,
blue/yellow, black/white.
• B) of three types, sensitive to red, green and blue.
• C) of three types, sensitive to red, blue and
yellow.
• D) that are turned “on” by red and turned “off” by
green.
• E) none of the above.
20. Applying Weber’s Law to business, if
a man holding 50 lbs has to have 1 lb
added to notice a difference, how much
would a man holding 600 lbs have to
add for him to notice?
•
•
•
•
•
A) 12
B) 24
C) 36
D) 48
E) 60
Stimulus
Constant (k)
Light
8%
Weight
2%
Tone
0.3%
21. Mr. Jones has sensorineural
hearing loss. What way would
assist Mr.Jones’ in being able to
hear?
•
•
•
•
A) a hearing aid.
B) through using bone conduction.
C) a cochlear implant.
D) any of the above would be
helpful.
• E) Accept that there is no help
22. ___ theory assumes that stimulus
detection depends on experience,
expectations, motivation, and level of
alertness.
•
•
•
•
•
A) Stimulus-response
B) Difference Threshold
C) Signal Detection
D) Subliminal Stimulation
E) Absolute Threshold
23. In nearsightedness, the light rays
coming into the eye:
•
•
•
•
•
A) fail to focus in the eye.
B) focus in front of the retina.
C) focus behind the retina.
D) always register as a blur.
E) are diverted by a defective cornea.
24: The blind spot does not normally
impair vision because:
•
•
•
•
•
A) the eyes are constantly moving
B) what one eye misses the other sees.
C) our brain fills in the spaces.
D) all of the above.
E) none of the above
25. Unlike computers, our brain is
able to perform several operations at
once, called:
•
•
•
•
•
A) sensory redundancy.
B) serial processing.
C) cognitive flow.
D) feature detection.
E) parallel processing.
26. When two or more lights blink on and
off in quick succession, it gives the
appearance of movement. This is called
the:
•
•
•
•
•
A) movement illusion.
B) phi phenomenon.
C) visual capture.
D) optical tracking illusion.
E) perceptual constancy
27. Even though these two figures are
identical in size, one looks larger due to
the ___ illusion.
•
•
•
•
•
A) visual capture
B) Müller-Lyer
C) Ponzo
D) parallax
E) proximity
28. The Müller-Lyer illusion is caused
by:
•
•
•
•
•
A) cultural experience.
B) light and shadow.
C) shape constancy.
D) size constancy.
E) phi phenomenon
29. The St. Louis arch appears
taller than it is wide. This is due to:
•
•
•
•
•
A) relative height.
B) size constancy.
C) shape constancy.
D) interposition.
E) relative size.
30. Because of motion parallax, when you
are moving and fixate on something
in the distance:
• A) more distant objects appear to be
standing still.
• B) the fixation point starts to move faster.
• C) it becomes more difficult to stay awake.
• D) closer objects appear to be moving in
the opposite direction.
• E) more distant objects appear to be
moving in the opposite direction.
31. We sometimes reverse images
because of changes in the relationship of:
•
•
•
•
•
A) light and shadow.
B) figure-ground.
C) size and dimension.
D) connectedness.
E) similarity
32. We see this as two figures
together rather than as many curved
and straight lines because of the rule
of:
•
•
•
•
•
A) connectedness.
B) proximity.
C) closure.
D) similarity.
E) continuity.
33. Relative Clarity helps us to
determine ___ because:
• A) size; clear objects appear larger.
• B) depth; clear objects appear farther.
• C) luminescence; nearer objects are
brighter.
• D) depth; distant objects appear
hazy.
• E) size; clear objects appear smaller.
34. If we assume that two objects are
similar in size, the one that casts the
smaller retinal image is assumed to be:
•
•
•
•
•
A) closer.
B) smaller.
C) farther away.
D) larger.
E) all of the above.
35. Pablo is a landscape artist who was
known for the depth of his paintings. After
an accident, he had vision only from one
eye. Since then, his paintings:
•
•
•
•
A) will have less depth.
B) will have just as much depth.
C) will have no depth.
D) may have depth but will lack in
accuracy.
• E) will have more depth
36. If a person were to wear glasses
that distorted vision upside down,
that person:
• A) would eventually adapt.
• B) would never adapt.
• C) would have his vision permanently
distorted.
• D) would adapt but now must
always wear the glasses to see.
• E) would adapt quickly.
37. Psychics who claim to be
clairvoyant are able to:
• A) aid police departments in catching
criminals.
• B) locate missing persons.
• C) sense when something bad will
happen.
• D) make many guesses, some of
which may be true.
• E) can read the thoughts of others.
38. Dave was listening to sad music
when he heard the word, “morning,”
which he mistook for, “mourning.” He
was influenced by:
•
•
•
•
•
A) clinical depression.
B) context effect.
C) perceptual adaptation.
D) a low level of serotonin.
E) perceptual set.
39. Children who are visually impaired at
birth, but are allowed to see clearly years
later have difficulty perceiving because:
• A) their brains were irreparably
damaged.
• B) they missed a critical period in
visual development.
• C) their eyes have to fully mend.
• D) none of the above.
• E) all of the above.
40. When watching a movie, we see
the actors as moving because:
• A) the film is moving.
• B) the pictures move in front of us.
• C) motion is constructed in our
heads.
• D) of strobe lights.
• E) extrasensory perception
41. “The whole is greater than the sum of
its parts,” has been most associated with
a:
• A) Clinical psychologist.
• B) Gestalt psychologist.
• C) Cognitive-Behavioral
psychologist.
• D) Perceptual psychologist.
• E)
mmmmmBusologist.
42.Retinal disparity refers to the:
• A) tendency to see parallel lines as coming
together in the distance.
• B) tendency to see stimuli that are near each
other as parts of a unified object.
• C) somewhat different images our two eyes
receive of the same object.
• D) extent to which our eyes turn toward
each other when looking at an object.
43. The perceptual tendency to fill in gaps
in order to perceive disconnected parts as
a whole object is called:
• A) closure.
• B) constancy.
• C) interposition.
• D) convergence.
• E) similarity.
44. All of the following are
monocular cues of depth perception
except:
•
•
•
•
•
A) motion parallax.
B) linear perspective.
C) convergence.
D) relative height.
E) texture gradient.
45. Two-thirds of individuals giving
directions failed to notice a change in
the individual asking for directions:
•
•
•
•
•
A) change blindness.
B) selective inattention.
C) choice blindness.
D) pop out phenomenon.
E) Ponzo Illusion.
46. When we expect to see something
because of prior learning experiences,
such as seeing clouds as UFO’s, it is
because of:
•
•
•
•
•
A) bottom-up processing.
B) previous abductions.
C) hypnotic suggestion.
D) perceptual set.
E) context effects.
47. Human factors psychologists
may use a technique called, “natural
mapping,” which is:
• A) drawing a plan of attacking a
problem.
• B) moving your eyes in a repeated
pattern.
• C) arranging controls to make them
easier to understand.
• D) moving in precise directions.
48. Even though a door may reflect quite
a different retinal image when it is open
than when it is closed, we still see it as
the same, rectangular door because of:
•
•
•
•
•
A) lightness constancy.
B) shape constancy.
C) perceptual adaptation.
D) perceptual closure.
E) size constancy
49: The fact that the Amazing Randi
has never paid off on his claim
illustrates that:
• A) while ESP phenomena exist, replicating
them in a laboratory is not possible.
• B) he fails to be convinced even though the
evidence is obvious.
• C) he is a non-believer and a cheapskate.
• D) ESP phenomena have never been
proven to be anything more than
chance events or fakery.
50. As she gazed down from a bridge
at the rapidly flowing river, Nancy felt
as thought she were moving. Her
experience best illustrates the
phenomenon of:
•
•
•
•
•
A) retinal disparity.
B) perceptual adaptation.
C) location constancy.
D) interposition.
E) visual capture
1.
D
17.
C
2.
D
18.
E
3.
C
19.
B
4.
B
20.
A
5.
C
Answers
26.
B
27.
C
28.
21.
34.
C
42.
C
35.
B
43.
A
36.
A
44.
C
37.
D
45.
A
38.
B
46.
D
A
D
29.
A
D
6.
E
7.
D
23.
B
30.
8.
D
24.
D
31.
B
25.
E
32.
E
39.
B
47.
C
33.
D
40.
C
48.
B
41.
B
49.
D
9.
C
10.
A
11.
E
12.
D
13.
C
14.
A
15.
B
16.
B
22.
C
50.
E
Answers
26.
B
34.
C
42.
C
27.
C
35.
B
43.
A
28.
A
36.
A
44.
C
29.
A
37.
D
45.
A
30.
D
38.
B
46.
D
31.
B
39.
B
47.
C
32.
E
40.
C
48.
B
33.
D
41.
B
49.
D
50.
E
Vader
Undercard
fight
Kirk
vs
Dylan Dewitt