Susan M. Pojer
Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY
Indo-European Migrations: 4m-2m BCE
The Middle East: “The Crossroads of Three Continents”
The Ancient Fertile Crescent Area
The Middle East: “The Cradle of Civilization”
Sumerians
Sumerian Religion - Polytheistic
Enki
Innana
Anthropomorphic Gods
Mesopotamian Trade
“The Cuneiform World”
Cuneiform: “Wedge-Shaped” Writing
Cuneiform Writing
Deciphering Cuneiform
Sumerian Scribes
“Tablet House”
Sumerian Cylinder Seals
Gilgamesh
Gilgamesh Epic Tablet:
Flood Story
Ziggurat at Ur
 Temple
 “Mountain of
the Gods”
The Royal Standard of Ur
Mesopotamian Harp
Board Game From Ur
Sophisticated Metallurgy Skills
at Ur
Sargon of Akkad:
The World’s First Empire [Akkadians]
The Babylonian Empires
Hammurabi’s
[r. 1792-1750 B. C. E.]
Code
Hammurabi, the Judge
Babylonian Math
Babylonian Numbers
A View of Egypt by Satellite
The Fertile Nile Valley
The Annual Flooding of the Nile
Nile Irrigation-the Shaduf
Ancient Egyptian History
Periods
Time Frame
Nile Culture Begins
Archaic
Old Kingdom
Middle Kingdom
New Kingdom
3900 B. C. E.
3100 – 2650 B. C. E.
2650 – 2134 B. C. E.
2040 – 1640 B. C. E.
1550 – 1070 B. C. E.
Late Period
Greek Ptolemaic Era
750 – 332 B. C. E.
332 – 30 B. C. E.
Roman Period
30 B. C. E. – 395 C. E.
Menes:
Unifier of Upper & Lower Egypt
c. 3050 B. C. E. ?
Ancient Egyptian Housing
Middle Class
Homes
Peasant
Homes
Scenes of Ancient Egyptian
Daily Life
Making Ancient Egyptian Beer
Making Ancient Egyptian Wine
An Egyptian Woman’s “Must-Haves”
Mirror
Perfume
Whigs
Egyptian Social Hierarchy
Some Famous Egyptian Pharaohs
Tutankhamon
1336-1327 B. C. E.
Thutmose III
1504-1450 B. C. E.
Ramses II
1279-1212 B. C. E.
Egyptian Nobility
Egyptian Priestly Class
Egyptian Scribe
Papyrus  Paper
Hieratic Scroll Piece
Papyrus Plant
Egyptian Math & Draftsmenship
1
10 100 1000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000
What number is this?
Champollion & the Rosetta Stone
Hieroglyphic
“Cartouche”
Hieroglyphics “Alphabet”
24 “letters” + 700 phonetic symbols
Egyptian Creation Myth
The Goddess Nut
Egyptian Gods & Goddesses:
“The Sacred ‘Trinity’”
Osiris
Isis
Horus
Preparations for the Underworld
ANUBIS weighs the dead
person’s heart against a
feather.
Priests protected your
KA, or soul-spirit
Materials Used in Mummification
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Linen
Sawdust
Lichen
Beeswax
Resin
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Natron
Onion
Nile Mud
Linen Pads
Frankinsense
Preparation for
the Afterlife
Egyptian Mummies
Seti I
1291-1278 B. C. E.
Queen Tiye, wife of
Amenhotep II
1210-1200 B. C. E.
Ramses II
1279-1212 B. C. E.
Journey to the Underworld
The dead travel on
the “Solar Bark.”
A boat for the
journey is provided
for a dead pharaoh
in his tomb.
Egyptian Book of the Dead
The Final Judgement
Anubis
Horus
Osiris
Shabtis: The Pharaoh’s Servants
in the Afterlife
Stepped Pyramid at Saqqara
“Bent” Pyramid of King Sneferu
Giza Pyramid Complex
Plan of the Great Pyramid
of Khufu
The Valley of the Kings
Archaeologist, Howard Carter (1922)
Entrance to King “Tut’s” Tomb
King Tutankhamon’s Death Mask
1336-1327 B. C. E.
King Tutankhamon
King Tutankhamun’s Tomb
Treasures From Tut’s Tomb
The Valley of the Queens
1473-1458 B. C. E.
Temple of Queen Hatshepsut
Ankhenaton: First Monotheist?
1352-1336 B. C. E.
The Ankh – The “Cross” of Life
Queen
Nefertiti
Abu Simbel:
Monument to Ramses II
1279-1213 B. C. E.
Routes of the “Sea Peoples”
The end of the Bronze Age!
Hittite Empire
Hattusas:
Capital of the Hittites
Hattusas – Lion’s Gate
Hittite Chariots & Warriors
Hittite Writing
A Balance of Power:
1200 B. C. E.
The Battle of Kadesh
Ramses II at Kadesh
Treaty of Kadesh
Phoenician Sea Routes
A Phoenician Bireme Ship
The “Royal Purple” Dye
Phoenician City of Byblos:
“Home of the Alphabet”
Phoenician Alphabet
Carthage: Phoenicia’s Mightiest
Colony
The Assyrian Empire
Assyrian Military Power
Assyrian soldiers
carrying away the
enemy’s gods.
Jewish Captives:
c
8
BCE
Babylon under the Chaldeans
Nebuchadnezzar II’s Babylon
Ishtar
Gate
Hanging Gardens
of Babylon?
Israelites in Captivity
Alexander the Great & the
Hellenization of the Near East
The Great Library at Alexandria.
Egypt