FIRST AID REVIEW
BURNS
•
•
•
•
•
Check that scene is safe
Remove from source
Apply cool water
Cover loosely with sterile dressing
Chemical Burns: Flush with water for at least
20 minutes, especially eyes.
MUSCULOSKETAL INJURIES
•
•
•
•
Dislocation – displacement of bones from normal position at joint
Fracture- break or disruption in bone tissue
Sprain- partial or complete tearing or stretching of ligaments at joint
Strain- excessive stretching and tearing of muscles or tendons, pulled or torn muscle
R. I. C. E.
• R- Rest
• I- immobilize
• C- Cold (ice)
• E- Elevate
SPLINTING
Sling and Binder- check for feeling, warmth and color beyond the injury (Shoulder)
Rigid Splint- padding or board under injured part ( (forearm)
Anatomic Splint- bandage injured body part to uninjured body part (leg injury)
Soft Splint- Wrap a soft object around injured body part , pillow/blanket (ankle injury)
CHEST, ABDOMEN AND PELVIS INJURIES
•
•
•
•
•
Call 9-1-1 first
Limit movement
Monitor breathing and signs of life
Control bleeding
Take steps to minimize shock
• Rib fractures- Use sling and binder, monitor breathing,
• Call 9-1-1, use blanket or pillow for support
• Puncture Wounds- Call 9-1-1, cover wound, monitor
breathing
HEAD, NECK AND SPINE INJURIES
• Support head and neck in position you find it.
• Do not attempt to align it.
• Use Manual Stabilization (Hands on both sides of person’s
head , gently holding the person head in the position found.
• Care for shock: Help person rest in a comfortable position.
• Serious head, neck or spine injury: Changes in level of
consciousness is key.
• Actively bleeding wound: Apply direct pressure with a sterile
or clean dressing to the wound and then apply a pressure
bandage.
SUDDEN ILLNESS
Common Signals include:
• Changes in level of Conscious
• Loss of vision or blurred vision
• Signals of shock
Stroke Recognition (FAST)
F ace
A rm
S peech
T ime
Seizure: After seizure, check for life-threatening conditions and for
possible injury while trying to provide privacy for the person.
POISONS, STINGS
Poisons can enter the body by:
Ingestion
Inhalation
Injection
Absorption
Severity of a poisoning depends on the type and amount, time
elapsed since poison entered the body, person’s size, weight and
age. Call 9-1-1 immediately.
Removing a bee sting: Scrape the stinger away from the skin
with the edge of a plastic card.
HEAT / COLD RELATED EMERGENCIES
Heat Related
Heat related illnesses include:
Heat Cramps, Heat exhaustion, Heat Stroke
Heat Cramps: Painful spasms of skeletal
muscles that develop after heavy exercise or
work outdoors in warm or moderate
temperatures.
Heat Exhaustion: Early stage and most
common form of heat related illness. Get
person out of heat and into cool place.
Heat Stroke: A life-threatening condition that
develops when the body’s cooling mechanism
fails.
Cold Related
2 Conditions that result in overexposure to the
cold:
Frostbite: Get person to warm environment
and then warm parts using skin-to-skin
contact. DO NOT immerse frostbite parts in
hot water. Freezing of body tissues.
Hypothermia: A life-threatening condition
that develops when the body’s warming
mechanisms fail to maintain normal body
temperature.
Dehydration: Can be heat or cold related.
Replace lost fluids.