California Commercial
End-Use Survey
Results
Presenter: Bob Ramirez
Itron, Inc.
Mark Ciminelli
CEC Project Manager
MAESTRO/CALMAC Evaluation Showcase
Pacific Energy Center July 27, 2006
© 2005, Itron Inc.
Presentation Overview
Objective: Present an overview of the CEUS project and
the CEUS report results, and provide an informational
“CEUS-in-a-(large)-nutshell” project summary packet.
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© 2006, Itron Inc.
Overview of the CEUS Project and DrCEUS System
Primary CEUS Concepts and Definitions
CEUS Report Results
Availability of Report and Data
Questions and Additional Work\Data Requests
2
Overview of
the CEUS Project
and
DrCEUS System
© 2006, Itron Inc.
3
CEUS Project Objectives
 To characterize the way in which the commercial sector
uses energy (EUIs, load profiles and saturations)
 To support the end-use forecasting process (baseline
values)
 To support the assessment of energy efficiency
opportunities in the commercial sector (measure
saturations, applicability factors, impacts)
 To provide a tool that can be used by the CEC for
tailored analysis of commercial energy usage as well as
other custom/as-needed data requests
© 2006, Itron Inc.
4
Unique California CEUS Attributes
 Common Baseline The CEUS study encompasses all four IOUs
plus SMUD and provides a common baseline that allows “applesto-apples” comparison of energy use across the state.
 Flexible CEUS “System” not Just Data An interface for reviewing
and aggregating the site-level results was a primary deliverable, to
allow custom aggregation of CEUS data. This is the “DrCEUS
System”.
 Normal Weather Development Normal weather data for 20
weather stations was developed for the CEUS project, which also
captured both hot and cold average extremes.
 Model Visualization Survey form incorporates building geometry
aspects that can be used to visually validate the building simulation
model construction via eQUEST 3D-view capability.
© 2006, Itron Inc.
5
Key CEUS Stats
 The final dataset contains 2790 premises:
>
>
>
>
PG&E: 1001 premises
SMUD:
300 premises
SCE:
1144 premises
SDG&E: 345 premises
 12 Building Types/Segments
 13 End Uses (3 HVAC, 10 NonHVAC)
 Covers 12 Forecasting Climate Zones (FCZ); sample
design was based on FCZs.
 Limited coverage of all 16 Title 24 Standards Climate
Zones (within the FCZs used for CEUS)
 20 Weather Stations for the CEUS simulations
© 2006, Itron Inc.
6
Brief Overview of the
DrCEUS System
© 2006, Itron Inc.
7
The DrCEUS System
DrCEUS!
© 2006, Itron Inc.
8
The DrCEUS System
 Building simulation uses eQUEST/DOE 2.2
 Building characteristics defined through eQuest
> HVAC Zoning
> Building Components
> Variety of Wizard-defined Building Footprints
 MS Access or SQL Server as data storage facility
>
>
>
>
Survey Data
Simulation Support Data
Weather Data
Results
 Written using script for easy maintenance
© 2006, Itron Inc.
9
DrCEUS Modes of Operation
 Site Processor
>
>
>
>
>
Premise-level simulation tool
Both single site and batch processing capability
Results displayed graphically
Comparison of results
Premise management
 Segment Processor
>
>
>
>
© 2006, Itron Inc.
Uses results from premise level data
User-defined segment-level aggregation
Segment-level results displayed graphically
All data exportable to MS Excel workbook
10
DrCEUS Site Selection Interface
© 2006, Itron Inc.
11
Example DrCEUS System Graphics
P010102003 – RESORT
Annual Electricity Summary
P010102003 – RESORT
Monthly Use for Electricity
© 2006, Itron Inc.
12
Primary CEUS Concepts
and Definitions
© 2006, Itron Inc.
13
Primary CEUS Concepts and Definitions
Read CEUS Report Chapter 7
 Utility Service Areas
 Building Types/Segments
 13 End Uses (3 HVAC, 10 NonHVAC)
 Climate/Weather Regions
 Premise is a single contiguous business; can be part of
a building, a single building, or a campus.
 EIs (Energy Intensities) use whole premise floor area
 End Use Indexes (EUIs) use end-use/fuel floor areas
 Fuel Shares
© 2006, Itron Inc.
14
Building Types/Segments
 12 conventional building types were used for the CEUS Report
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
Small Office (<30,000 ft2)
Large Office (>=30,000 ft2)
Restaurant
Retail
Food/Liquor
Unrefrigerated Warehouse
Refrigerated Warehouse
School
College
Health Care
Hotel/Motel
Miscellaneous
 However DrCEUS can be used to create custom building type segments
to focus in on specific building types using any set of premises, and using
any of the variables available on the CEUS data set as criteria.
© 2006, Itron Inc.
15
13 CEUS End Uses
 3 HVAC End Uses
> Space Heating
> Space Cooling
> Ventilation
 10 Non-HVAC End Uses
>
>
>
>
>
© 2006, Itron Inc.
Water Heating
Cooking
Refrigeration
Interior Lighting
Exterior Lighting
Office Equipment
Miscellaneous Equipment
Air Compressors
Motors (non-HVAC)
Process Equipment
16
Forecasting Climate Zones Covered by CEUS
© 2006, Itron Inc.
Forecasting Climate
Zones
Utility
1, 2, 3, 4, 5
PG&E
6
SMUD
7, 8, 9, 10
SCE
11, 12
LADWP
13
SDG&E
14, 15
Other
16
BGP3
17
Distribution of Surveyed Sites by FCZ
Bldg Type
Code
Description
PGE
1
PGE
2
PGE
3
PGE
4
PGE
5
SMUD
6
SCE
7
SCE
8
SCE
9
SCE
10
SCGE
S07*
SDGE
S10*
SOFF
Small Office (<30k ft2)
4
7
18
25
33
30
6
49
25
19
24
10
LOFF
Large Office (>=30k ft2)
1
4
8
31
79
33
1
63
26
5
38
4
REST
Restaurant
4
5
13
22
29
17
3
38
25
17
20
4
RETL
Retail
8
8
33
45
67
63
11
96
57
54
44
11
GROC
Food Store
4
3
9
19
27
13
6
40
36
15
17
10
REFW
Refrigerated Warehouse
3
6
12
7
9
6
3
7
12
4
3
1
WRHS
Unrefrigerated Warehouse
0
9
2
11
16
9
0
19
29
22
6
3
SCHL
School
5
3
9
12
15
14
5
14
19
10
13
6
COLL
College
2
4
4
7
11
7
2
9
10
4
4
2
HLTH
Health
4
4
10
14
23
19
5
28
23
13
18
5
LODG
Lodging
3
2
5
14
22
10
3
19
10
14
23
4
MISC
Miscellaneous
14
22
61
66
84
79
16
100
79
73
52
23
* S07 and S10 are SDG&E FCZ13 Coastal and Interior strata
© 2006, Itron Inc.
18
Standards Climate Zone and CEUS Weather Stations
20 Weather Stations were used for the CEUS
project (represented by the blue dots  in the
figure to the left). There are multiple weather
stations for Title 24 Climate Zones 3 (split into
3A/3B/3C), 10 (split into 10A/10B), and 16 (split
into 16A/16B). Premises were assigned to
these weather stations based on zip code.
© 2006, Itron Inc.
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Distribution of Surveyed Sites by T24StdsCZ (CTZ)
Bldg Type
Code
Description
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
SOFF
Small Office (<30k ft2)
0
8
25
11
2
27
23
22
23
25
9
52
14
4
1
4
LOFF
Large Office (>=30k ft2)
0
3
66
26
0
40
37
30
20
8
2
52
8
1
0
0
REST
Restaurant
0
2
25
12
1
25
17
27
12
16
1
36
15
3
2
3
RETL
Retail
1
12
53
23
6
52
42
69
29
45
12
96
35
13
9
0
GROC
Food Store
0
11
26
7
1
26
14
32
18
24
3
20
12
3
0
2
REFW
Refrigerated Warehouse
0
3
9
3
1
5
3
7
7
5
0
16
14
0
0
0
WRHS
Unrefrigerated Warehouse
0
3
16
3
1
7
6
23
16
25
0
22
2
2
0
0
SCHL
School
0
8
10
7
1
8
11
14
12
11
4
23
10
2
2
2
COLL
College
1
2
11
3
1
3
4
9
6
4
1
13
5
0
0
3
HLTH
Health
1
4
17
7
1
20
15
17
15
15
2
34
10
2
1
5
LODG
Lodging
3
1
24
4
3
11
23
11
7
7
2
14
7
2
9
1
MISC
Miscellaneous
4
22
68
29
6
54
49
73
52
63
32
125
49
16
17
10
NOTE: There are many strata with zeroes because 1) the sample did not cover all T24 climate zones, 2) all building
types may not be present in all climate zones or 3) the sample was small and a building type in that climate zone
strata could not be recruited for the survey.
© 2006, Itron Inc.
20
CEUS Report Overview
© 2006, Itron Inc.
21
CEUS Report Overview
 CEC Report #: CEC-400-2006-005, March 2006
 Key Sections of the Report (325 pg, 11Mb w/o Appdx!)
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
Sample Design
Survey Design and Implementation
Electric and Natural Gas Consumption Data
Simulation Modeling Software
DrCEUS Energy Simulation and Calibration Process
Analysis of Commercial Segments-Key Concepts
Results (Statewide, Electric IOUs, and SMUD)
Summary and Recommendations
Appendices (Survey materials, simulation algorithms, SIC
code to CEUS bldg types, etc.)
 Affiliated Reports (Weather and Sample Design)
© 2006, Itron Inc.
22
CEUS Affiliated Reports (Weather)
 Weather and Data Normalization Report Describes
development of the normal weather data used for the
final CEUS simulations. Issues addressed include:
> Selection of specific variables used to evaluate and define
normal weather
> Choice of climate zones used to represent the various
microclimates in California, and which specific weather
stations to represent these climate zones, and
> The process used to convert weather conditions to
“normal” values
> The range of years considered in computing normal values
of weather variables
© 2006, Itron Inc.
23
CEUS Affiliated Reports (Sample Design)
Final Sample Design Development of the sample
design involved the investigation of a variety of different
sample design approaches. Topics covered include:
> Definition of the sampling unit as a “premise”
> Description and summary of sample frames constructed
from utility billing data
> Sample size, sample allocation, minimum quota issues
> Description of the various stratification approaches that
were examined and considered
> Special issues (e.g. two strata for the single SDG&E
Forecasting climate zone)
> Final approach used for the CEUS sample design
© 2006, Itron Inc.
24
CEUS Report Results
© 2006, Itron Inc.
25
CEUS Service Area Results
 Results are available for five “service areas”
>
>
>
>
>
“Statewide” (see clarification below)
PG&E
SCE
SMUD
SDG&E
 “Statewide” in the CEUS report refers to the combined
service areas of the four electric utilities represented in
the CEUS study
 Results not presented for SCG because much of the
SCG service area is excluded from the study (sample
design based on electric service areas).
© 2006, Itron Inc.
26
CEUS Report Result Summary
Table/Figure Headings
Figure (type)
Table (units)
Service Area Results
Overview of Energy Usage (floor stock, Eis, usage)
ft2, EI, GWh/Mth
Electricity Use by Building Type
Pie-chart
Natural Gas Use by Building Type
Pie-chart
Electric Use by Bldg Type and End Use
kWh/yr
Electric Energy Intensities by Bldg Type and End Use
kWh/ft2-yr
Natural Gas Use by Bldg Type and End Use
Mth/yr
Natural Gas Energy Intensities by Bldg Type and End Use
kBtu/ft2-yr
Building Segment Results
Electric EUIs, Fuel Shares, and EIs
EUI, shares, EI
Natural Gas EUIs, Fuel Shares, and EIs
EUI, shares, EI
16-Day Hourly End-use Load Shapes (electric-only)
© 2006, Itron Inc.
DrCEUS graphic
27
Service Area Results Example:
Statewide Results
© 2006, Itron Inc.
28
Statewide Overview of Energy Use
Annual Energy Intensities
Natural Gas
(kBtu/ft2)
Electricity
(GWh)
Natural Gas
(Mtherms)
Building Type
All Commercial
4,920,114
13.63
0.26
25.99
67077
1278.60
Small Office (<30k ft2)
361,584
13.10
0.11
10.54
4738
38.10
Large Office (>=30k ft2)
660,429
17.70
0.22
21.93
11691
144.80
Restaurant
148,892
40.20
2.10
209.98
5986
312.60
Retail
702,053
14.06
0.05
4.62
9871
32.50
Food Store
144,209
40.99
0.28
27.60
5911
39.80
95,540
20.02
0.06
5.60
1913
5.30
Unrefrigerated Warehouse
554,166
4.45
0.03
3.07
2467
17.00
School
445,106
7.46
0.16
15.97
3322
71.10
College
205,942
12.26
0.34
34.24
2524
70.50
Health
232,606
19.61
0.76
75.53
4561
175.70
Lodging
270,044
12.13
0.42
42.40
3275
114.50
Miscellaneous
1,099,544
9.84
0.23
23.34
10817
256.60
All Offices
1,022,012
16.08
0.18
17.90
16430
182.90
6.74
0.03
3.44
4380
22.40
All Warehouses
© 2006, Itron Inc.
Natural
Gas
(therms/ft2)
Floor Stock
(kft2)
Refrigerated Warehouse
Electricity
(kWh/ft2)
Total Annual Usage
649,706
29
Statewide: Electricity Use by Bldg Type
Retail, 14.7%
Food Store, 8.8%
Restaurant, 8.9%
Refrigerated
Warehouse, 2.9%
Unrefrigerated
Warehouse, 3.7%
Large Office, 17.4%
School, 5.0%
College, 3.8%
Health, 6.8%
Small Office, 7.1%
Lodging, 4.9%
Miscellaneous, 16.1%
© 2006, Itron Inc.
30
Statewide Natural Gas Use by Bldg Type
Large Office, 11.3%
Restaurant, 24.5%
Small Office, 3.0%
Retail, 2.5%
Food Store, 3.1%
Refrigerated
Warehouse, 0.4%
Miscellaneous,
20.1%
Lodging, 9.0%
© 2006, Itron Inc.
Unrefrigerated
Warehouse, 1.3%
School, 5.6%
Health, 13.7%
College, 5.5%
31
Statewide Electricity Use By End Use
Ventilation, 11.9%
Refrigeration, 13.4%
Cooling, 14.9%
Water Heating, 0.9%
Heating, 1.6%
Cooking, 4.2%
Air Compressors, 1.0%
Motors, 4.2%
Process, 0.3%
Miscellaneous, 5.8%
Office Equipment,
7.1%
Interior Lighting, 28.7%
Exterior Lighting, 5.8%
© 2006, Itron Inc.
32
Statewide Natural Gas Use By End Use
Cooling, 1.5%
Water Heating,
31.8%
Heating, 36.4%
Process, 5.9%
Cooking, 22.6%
Miscellaneous, 1.8%
© 2006, Itron Inc.
33
Statewide Electricity Use (GWh) by Bldg Type and End Use
Building Type
Heat
Cool
Vent.
Refrig.
WH
Cook
Int.
Ltg.
Ext.
Ltg.
Office
Equip.
Misc.
Air
Comp.
Motors
Proc.
Total
All Commercial
1,087
10,017
8,000
9,014
611
2,805
19,265
3,916
4782
3924
204
2811
642
67,077
Small Office
72
943
467
208
90
38
1,386
343
793
283
1
79
36
4,739
Large Office
322
2358
2,019
268
80
77
2,945
324
2365
383
18
474
60
11,691
7
858
482
1,469
56
1,546
961
300
94
168
1
41
3
5,986
55
1553
1,267
726
96
157
4,246
644
343
483
37
201
64
9,871
12
415
372
3,233
20
266
1,233
137
54
138
1
26
6
5,911
Refrigerated
Warehou
se
2
31
23
1284
3
3
262
33
17
55
4
174
22
1,913
Unrefrigerated
Warehou
se
20
183
156
154
26
12
1,223
145
131
215
9
162
32
2,467
School
56
520
429
225
43
78
1,281
330
206
110
1
37
7
3,322
159
393
423
95
25
55
790
188
148
100
2
119
28
2,524
166
901
940
166
18
101
1,119
132
200
586
1
181
50
4,561
114
650
483
244
9
185
945
165
46
301
0
128
6
3,275
104
1,212
941
942
145
287
2,874
1,175
386
1103
129
1190
330
10,817
393
3,301
2,485
476
171
115
4,331
666
3157
666
19
553
95
16,430
22
214
179
1,438
28
15
1,485
178
148
270
13
336
54
4,380
Restaurant
Retail
Food Store
College
Health
Lodging
Miscellaneous
All Offices
All Warehouses
© 2006, Itron Inc.
34
Statewide Electric Energy Intensities (kWh/ft2-yr) by Bldg Type and End Use
Total
Heat
Cool
Vent.
Refrig.
WH
Cook
Int.
Ltg.
Ext.
Ltg.
Office
Equip.
Misc.
Air
Comp.
Motors
Proc.
13.63
0.22
2.04
1.63
1.83
0.12
0.57
3.92
0.80
0.97
0.80
0.04
0.57
0.13
13.10
0.20
2.61
1.29
0.58
0.25
0.10
3.83
0.95
2.19
0.78
0.00
0.22
0.10
17.70
0.49
3.57
3.06
0.41
0.12
0.12
4.46
0.49
3.58
0.58
0.03
0.72
0.09
40.20
0.05
5.76
3.24
9.87
0.38
10.38
6.45
2.02
0.63
1.13
0.01
0.27
0.02
14.06
0.08
2.21
1.81
1.03
0.14
0.22
6.05
0.92
0.49
0.69
0.05
0.29
0.09
40.99
0.08
2.88
2.58
22.42
0.14
1.85
8.55
0.95
0.37
0.95
0.01
0.18
0.04
20.02
0.02
0.33
0.24
13.44
0.03
0.04
2.74
0.35
0.17
0.57
0.04
1.82
0.23
4.45
0.04
0.33
0.28
0.28
0.05
0.02
2.21
0.26
0.24
0.39
0.02
0.29
0.06
7.46
0.13
1.17
0.96
0.50
0.10
0.18
2.88
0.74
0.46
0.25
0.00
0.08
0.01
12.26
0.77
1.91
2.05
0.46
0.12
0.27
3.84
0.91
0.72
0.49
0.01
0.58
0.14
19.61
0.71
3.87
4.04
0.71
0.08
0.43
4.81
0.57
0.86
2.52
0.01
0.78
0.22
12.13
0.42
2.41
1.79
0.90
0.03
0.68
3.50
0.61
0.17
1.11
0.00
0.48
0.02
9.84
0.09
1.10
0.86
0.86
0.13
0.26
2.61
1.07
0.35
1.00
0.12
1.08
0.30
16.08
0.38
3.23
2.43
0.47
0.17
0.11
4.24
0.65
3.09
0.65
0.02
0.54
0.09
6.74
0.03
0.33
0.28
2.21
0.04
0.02
2.29
0.27
0.23
0.42
0.02
0.52
0.08
© 2006, Itron Inc.
35
Statewide Natural Gas Usage (Mtherms) by Building Type and End Use
Building Type
Heat
Cool
WH
Cook
Misc.
Proc.
Total
All Commercial
465.50
19.10
406.70
289.10
23.00
75.20
1278.60
31.20
0.00
6.00
0.50
0.10
0.40
38.10
113.70
3.60
17.20
1.50
0.70
8.10
144.80
11.50
0.00
72.40
228.20
0.00
0.50
312.60
21.20
0.00
5.50
3.60
1.90
0.30
32.50
13.70
0.00
11.00
14.90
0.00
0.10
39.80
0.80
0.00
0.80
1.20
0.00
2.70
5.30
14.80
0.00
1.80
0.10
0.20
0.10
17.00
44.60
0.60
20.90
4.70
0.10
0.30
71.10
40.80
7.10
17.30
3.40
1.80
0.00
70.50
76.10
3.60
73.00
7.80
3.40
11.80
175.70
19.70
0.20
78.20
11.90
3.90
0.70
114.50
77.40
4.00
102.70
11.20
10.90
50.30
256.60
144.90
3.60
23.20
2.00
0.80
8.40
182.90
15.60
0.00
2.60
1.20
0.20
2.80
22.40
Small Office
Large Office
Restaurant
Retail
Food Store
Refrigerated Warehouse
Unrefrigerated Warehouse
School
College
Health
Lodging
Miscellaneous
All Offices
All Warehouses
© 2006, Itron Inc.
36
Statewide Natural Gas Energy Intensities (kBtu/ft2-yr) by Bldg Type and End Use
Building Type
Total
Heat
Cool
WH
Cook
Misc.
Proc.
All Commercial
26.00
9.50
0.40
8.30
5.90
0.50
1.50
10.50
8.60
0.00
1.70
0.10
0.00
0.10
21.90
17.20
0.50
2.60
0.20
0.10
1.20
210.00
7.70
0.00
48.60
153.30
0.00
0.30
4.60
3.00
0.00
0.80
0.50
0.30
0.00
27.60
9.50
0.00
7.70
10.30
0.00
0.10
5.60
0.80
0.00
0.80
1.20
0.00
2.80
3.10
2.70
0.00
0.30
0.00
0.00
0.00
16.00
10.00
0.10
4.70
1.10
0.00
0.10
34.20
19.80
3.50
8.40
1.70
0.90
0.00
75.50
32.70
1.60
31.40
3.40
1.40
5.10
42.40
7.30
0.10
29.00
4.40
1.40
0.30
23.30
7.00
0.40
9.30
1.00
1.00
4.60
17.90
14.20
0.40
2.30
0.20
0.10
0.80
3.40
2.40
0.00
0.40
0.20
0.00
0.40
Small Office
Large Office
Restaurant
Retail
Food Store
Refrigerated Warehouse
Unrefrigerated Warehouse
School
College
Health
Lodging
Miscellaneous
All Offices
All Warehouses
© 2006, Itron Inc.
37
Building Segment Results Example:
Statewide, All Commercial
© 2006, Itron Inc.
38
Building Segment Results
 Electric and natural gas EIs, EUIs, and Fuel Shares are
presented for:
> 12 building types previously defined plus
> 3 additional segments: All Commercial, All Offices, and All
Warehouses
 Only the results for the All Commercial segment are
presented here as an example.
© 2006, Itron Inc.
39
Statewide Commercial Electric EUIs, Fuel Shares, and EIs
End Use
Electric EUI
(kWh/End-Use ft2)
Electric Fuel
Share
Electric EI
(kWh/ft2)
Heating
0.53
41.40
0.22
Cooling
2.97
68.60
2.04
Ventilation
2.16
75.10
1.63
Water Heating
0.27
45.70
0.12
Cooking
0.62
91.50
0.57
Refrigeration
1.94
94.40
1.83
Interior Lighting
3.92
99.90
3.92
Office Equipment
0.99
98.40
0.97
Exterior Lighting
0.89
89.60
0.80
Miscellaneous
0.87
91.30
0.80
Process
1.91
2.20
0.04
Motors
0.99
57.70
0.57
Air Compressors
0.36
36.60
0.13
All End Uses
© 2006, Itron Inc.
13.63
40
Statewide Commercial Natural Gas EUIs, Fuel Shares, and EIs
End Use
Natural Gas EUI
(kBtu/End-Use ft2)
Natural Gas
Fuel Share
Natural Gas
EI
(kBtu/ft2)
Heating
16.91
55.90
9.46
Cooling
25.68
1.50
0.39
Water Heating
14.47
57.10
8.27
Cooking
20.66
28.40
5.88
Miscellaneous
4.36
10.70
0.47
Process
46.92
3.30
1.53
All End Uses
© 2006, Itron Inc.
26.00
41
Statewide Commercial 16-Day Hourly End-Use Shapes
© 2006, Itron Inc.
42
PG&E Results Summary
© 2006, Itron Inc.
43
PG&E Overview of Energy Use
Annual Energy Intensities
Building Type
All Commercial
Small Office (<30k ft2)
Large Office (>=30k ft2)
Restaurant
Retail
Food Store
Refrigerated Warehouse
Electricity
(kWh/ft2)
Floor Stock (kft2)
Natural Gas
(therms/ft2)
Total Annual Usage
Natural Gas
(kBtu/ft2)
Electricity
(GWh)
Natural Gas
(Mtherms)
1,969,884
12.95
0.29
28.67
25,506
564.80
125,802
13.49
0.18
18.02
1,697
22.70
300,528
16.77
0.24
23.94
5,039
71.90
65,534
33.12
1.84
183.53
2,170
120.30
275,427
12.19
0.07
7.31
3,357
20.10
55,797
40.54
0.34
34.46
2,262
19.20
60,854
18.5
0.05
4.5
1,126
2.70
156,643
4.87
0.05
4.88
763
7.60
193,432
6.82
0.22
21.75
1,319
42.10
80,661
11.94
0.37
37.46
963
30.20
79,803
18.51
0.92
91.65
1,477
73.10
113,929
9.78
0.38
38.14
1,115
43.50
461,474
9.14
0.24
24.11
4,219
111.30
426,330
15.8
0.22
22.19
6,736
94.60
217,497
8.68
0.05
4.77
1,889
10.40
Unrefrigerated Warehouse
School
College
Health
Lodging
Miscellaneous
All Offices
All Warehouses
© 2006, Itron Inc.
44
PG&E Energy Use by Building Type
Retail, 13.2%
Restaurant, 8.5%
Food Store, 8.9%
Refrigerated Warehouse,
4.4%
Large Office, 19.8%
Unrefrigerated
Warehouse, 3.0%
Electricity
School, 5.2%
College, 3.8%
Health, 5.8%
Small Office, 6.7%
Lodging, 4.4%
Miscellaneous, 16.5%
Restaurant, 21.3%
Retail, 3.6%
Food Store, 3.4%
Large Office, 12.7%
Small Office, 4.0%
Refrigerated Warehouse,
0.5%
Unrefrigerated
Warehouse, 1.3%
Natural
Gas
School, 7.5%
College, 5.3%
Miscellaneous, 19.7%
Lodging, 7.7%
© 2006, Itron Inc.
Health, 12.9%
45
PG&E Energy Use by End Use
Ventilation, 12.4%
Refrigeration, 14.8%
Cooling, 12.4%
Water Heating, 0.8%
Heating, 1.8%
Air Compressors, 0.9%
Cooking, 4.6%
Electricity
Motors, 3.8%
Process, 0.3%
Miscellaneous, 5.9%
Office Equipment, 8.2%
Interior Lighting, 28.9%
Exterior Lighting, 5.2%
Cooling, 0.7%
Heating, 44.0%
Water Heating, 29.5%
Natural
Gas
Process, 5.2%
Cooking, 19.8%
Miscellaneous, 0.8%
© 2006, Itron Inc.
46
SMUD Results Summary
© 2006, Itron Inc.
47
SMUD Overview of Energy Use
Annual Energy Intensities
Building Type
All Commercial
Small Office (<30k ft2)
Large Office (>=30k ft2)
Restaurant
Retail
Food Store
Refrigerated Warehouse
Total Annual Usage
Floor Stock (kft2)
Electricity
(kWh/ft2)
Natural Gas
(therms/ft2)
Natural Gas
(kBtu/ft2)
Electricity
(GWh)
Natural Gas
(Mtherms)
227,831
16.50
0.27
26.87
3759
61.20
18,469
12.41
0.08
8.10
229
1.50
42,848
19.95
0.20
19.77
855
8.50
6,132
46.81
1.83
183.45
287
11.20
44,597
14.28
0.07
6.62
637
3.00
5,582
44.79
0.29
28.99
250
1.60
2,722
16.85
0.02
1.58
46
0.00
15,307
3.76
0.01
0.64
58
0.10
20,005
9.16
0.18
18.45
183
3.70
11,968
10.84
0.32
32.48
130
3.90
11,169
23.06
0.75
74.83
258
8.40
9,691
12.26
0.42
41.54
119
4.00
39,342
18.00
0.39
38.95
708
15.30
61,316
17.68
0.16
16.25
1084
10.00
18,028
5.74
0.01
0.78
103
0.10
Unrefrigerated Warehouse
School
College
Health
Lodging
Miscellaneous
All Offices
All Warehouses
© 2006, Itron Inc.
48
SMUD Energy Use by Building Type
Restaurant, 7.6%
Retail, 16.9%
Food Store, 6.6%
Refrigerated
Warehouse, 1.2%
Large Office, 22.7%
Electricity
Unrefrigerated
Warehouse, 1.5%
School, 4.9%
College, 3.5%
Health, 6.9%
Small Office, 6.1%
Lodging, 3.2%
Miscellaneous, 18.8%
Restaurant, 18.3%
Retail, 4.9%
Large Office, 13.9%
Food Store, 2.6%
Small Office, 2.5%
Refrigerated
Warehouse, 0.0%
Natural
Gas
Unrefrigerated
Warehouse, 0.2%
School, 6.0%
Miscellaneous, 25.0%
College, 6.4%
Lodging, 6.5%
© 2006, Itron Inc.
Health, 13.7%
49
SMUD Energy Use by End Use
Ventilation, 14.1%
Cooling, 14.5%
Refrigeration, 10.6%
Water Heating, 1.1%
Heating, 3.2%
Cooking, 3.5%
Electricity
Air Compressors, 0.8%
Motors, 3.7%
Process, 0.3%
Miscellaneous, 6.4%
Interior Lighting, 26.2%
Office Equipment, 9.4%
Exterior Lighting, 6.2%
Cooling, 0.0%
Heating, 44.3%
Water Heating, 30.7%
Natural
Gas
Process, 4.4%
Cooking, 17.8%
Miscellaneous, 2.8%
© 2006, Itron Inc.
50
SCE Results Summary
© 2006, Itron Inc.
51
SCE Overview of Energy Use
Annual Energy Intensities
Building Type
All Commercial
Small Office (<30k ft2)
Large Office (>=30k ft2)
Restaurant
Retail
Food Store
Refrigerated Warehouse
Electricity
(kWh/ft2)
Floor Stock (kft2)
Natural Gas
(therms/ft2)
Total Annual Usage
Natural Gas
(kBtu/ft2)
Electricity
(GWh)
Natural Gas
(Mtherms)
2,142,359
13.69
0.23
23.30
29,321
499.20
157,884
13.25
0.08
8.05
2,091
12.70
227,225
17.91
0.13
12.98
4,071
29.50
61,623
46.19
2.49
249.14
2,846
153.50
309,601
15.36
0.02
2.46
4,755
7.60
63,820
41.71
0.22
21.81
2,662
13.90
30,031
22.41
0.08
8.08
673
2.40
353,765
4.29
0.02
2.46
1,517
8.70
176,999
8.22
0.12
12.13
1,454
21.50
64,809
13.62
0.24
24.01
883
15.60
106,471
20.30
0.68
68.32
2,161
72.70
112,405
13.28
0.41
40.95
1,493
46.00
477,725
9.87
0.24
24.07
4,714
115.00
385,110
16.00
0.11
10.96
6,162
42.20
383,796
5.71
0.03
2.90
2,190
11.10
Unrefrigerated Warehouse
School
College
Health
Lodging
Miscellaneous
All Offices
All Warehouses
© 2006, Itron Inc.
52
SCE Energy Use by Building Type
Retail, 16.2%
Food Store, 9.1%
Refrigerated
Warehouse, 2.3%
Restaurant, 9.7%
Unrefrigerated
Warehouse, 5.2%
Electricity
School, 4.9%
Large Office, 13.9%
College, 3.0%
Health, 7.4%
Small Office, 7.1%
Lodging, 5.1%
Miscellaneous,
16.1%
Restaurant, 30.8%
Retail, 1.5%
Food Store, 2.8%
Large Office, 5.9%
Refrigerated
Warehouse, 0.5%
Small Office, 2.5%
Natural
Gas
Unrefrigerated
Warehouse, 1.7%
School, 4.3%
College, 3.1%
Miscellaneous,
23.1%
Health, 14.6%
Lodging, 9.2%
© 2006, Itron Inc.
53
SCE Energy Use by End Use
Ventilation, 11.6%
Cooling, 16.3%
Heating, 1.8%
Air Compressors,
0.9%
Motors, 5.4%
Refrigeration, 12.2%
Water Heating, 1.1%
Electricity
Cooking, 3.6%
Process, 0.1%
Miscellaneous, 5.4%
Office Equipment,
7.2%
Exterior Lighting,
6.0%
Interior Lighting,
28.4%
Water Heating,
33.6%
Cooling, 5.0%
Natural
Gas
Heating, 29.3%
Process, 7.7%
Cooking, 21.7%
Miscellaneous, 2.8%
© 2006, Itron Inc.
54
SDG&E Results Summary
© 2006, Itron Inc.
55
SDG&E Overview of Energy Use
Annual Energy Intensities
Building Type
All Commercial
Small Office (<30k ft2)
Large Office (>=30k ft2)
Restaurant
Retail
Food Store
Refrigerated Warehouse
Electricity
(kWh/ft2)
Floor Stock (kft2)
Natural Gas
(therms/ft2)
Total Annual Usage
Natural Gas
(kBtu/ft2)
Electricity
(GWh)
Natural Gas
(Mtherms)
580,041
14.64
0.26
26.45
8,491
153.40
59,429
12.13
0.02
2.07
721
1.20
89,827
19.23
0.39
38.86
1,727
34.90
15,604
43.73
1.77
176.82
682
27.60
72,428
15.49
0.02
2.44
1,122
1.80
19,010
38.79
0.27
26.53
737
5.00
1,933
35.31
0.07
7.12
68
0.10
28,451
4.54
0.02
2.08
129
0.60
54,671
6.69
0.07
7.03
366
3.80
48,504
11.32
0.43
42.97
549
20.80
35,163
18.92
0.61
61.02
665
21.50
34,019
16.10
0.62
61.75
548
21.00
121,002
9.72
0.12
12.41
1,176
15.00
149,257
16.40
0.24
24.21
2,448
36.10
30,384
6.50
0.02
2.40
197
0.70
Unrefrigerated Warehouse
School
College
Health
Lodging
Miscellaneous
All Offices
All Warehouses
© 2006, Itron Inc.
56
SDG&E Energy Use by Building Type
Retail, 13.2%
Restaurant, 8.0%
Food Store, 8.7%
Refrigerated
Warehouse, 0.8%
Unrefrigerated
Warehouse, 1.5%
Large Office, 20.3%
School, 4.3%
Electricity
College, 6.5%
Health, 7.8%
Small Office, 8.5%
Miscellaneous, 13.9%
Lodging, 6.5%
Restaurant, 18.0%
Large Office, 22.8%
Retail, 1.2%
Food Store, 3.3%
Small Office, 0.8%
Natural
Gas
Refrigerated
Warehouse, 0.1%
Unrefrigerated
Warehouse, 0.4%
School, 2.5%
Miscellaneous, 9.8%
College, 13.6%
Lodging, 13.7%
Health, 14.0%
© 2006, Itron Inc.
57
SDG&E Energy Use by End Use
Ventilation, 11.4%
Refrigeration, 12.3%
Cooling, 16.3%
Water Heating, 1.1%
Heating, 1.9%
Air Compressors, 0.9%
Cooking, 3.6%
Electricity
Motors, 5.6%
Process, 0.1%
Miscellaneous, 5.3%
Office Equipment,
7.0%
Interior Lighting, 28.4%
Exterior Lighting, 6.1%
Water Heating,
32.4%
Cooling, 5.5%
Natural
Gas
Heating, 29.9%
Cooking, 21.1%
Process, 8.4%
© 2006, Itron Inc.
Miscellaneous, 2.6%
58
PG&E versus SDG&E
Select Comparisons
© 2006, Itron Inc.
59
PG&E\SDG&E Electricity Use by Building Type Comparison
Retail, 13.2%
Restaurant, 8.5%
Food Store, 8.9%
Refrigerated Warehouse,
4.4%
Large Office, 19.8%
Unrefrigerated
Warehouse, 3.0%
PG&E
School, 5.2%
College, 3.8%
Health, 5.8%
Small Office, 6.7%
Lodging, 4.4%
Miscellaneous, 16.5%
Retail, 13.2%
Restaurant, 8.0%
Food Store, 8.7%
Refrigerated
Warehouse, 0.8%
Unrefrigerated
Warehouse, 1.5%
Large Office, 20.3%
School, 4.3%
SDG&E
College, 6.5%
Health, 7.8%
Small Office, 8.5%
Miscellaneous, 13.9%
© 2006, Itron Inc.
Lodging, 6.5%
60
PG&E\SDG&E Electric End Use Comparison
Ventilation, 12.4%
Refrigeration, 14.8%
Cooling, 12.4%
Water Heating, 0.8%
Heating, 1.8%
Air Compressors, 0.9%
Cooking, 4.6%
PG&E
Motors, 3.8%
Process, 0.3%
Miscellaneous, 5.9%
Office Equipment, 8.2%
Interior Lighting, 28.9%
Exterior Lighting, 5.2%
Ventilation, 11.4%
Refrigeration, 12.3%
Cooling, 16.3%
Water Heating, 1.1%
Heating, 1.9%
Air Compressors, 0.9%
Cooking, 3.6%
SDG&E
Motors, 5.6%
Process, 0.1%
Miscellaneous, 5.3%
Office Equipment,
7.0%
Interior Lighting, 28.4%
Exterior Lighting, 6.1%
© 2006, Itron Inc.
61
PG&E\SDG&E Natural Gas End Use Comparison
Cooling, 0.7%
Heating, 44.0%
Water Heating, 29.5%
PG&E
Process, 5.2%
Cooking, 19.8%
Miscellaneous, 0.8%
Water Heating,
32.4%
Cooling, 5.5%
SDG&E
Heating, 29.9%
Cooking, 21.1%
Process, 8.4%
© 2006, Itron Inc.
Miscellaneous, 2.6%
62
The analysis possibilities
are endless……..
© 2006, Itron Inc.
63
Availability of Report and Data
 CEC Report ID#: CEC-400-2006-005
 Report publicly available on CALMAC website:
> CALMAC Study ID#: CEC0023
 Report and presentation available on Itron website:
>
http://www.itron.com/pages/products_detail.asp?ID=itr_000806.xml&pgtype=&subID=ar#ar
 Segment-level results data will also be made publicly
available
 Premise-level data currently only available to utilities that
participated in the CEUS survey.
 CEUS data currently being used by CEC PIER for
benchmarking effort.
© 2006, Itron Inc.
64
Questions and Work/Data Requests
 Itron Contacts:
> Tom Mayer: tom.mayer@itron.com
> Bob Ramirez: bob.ramirez@itron.com
 CEC Contacts:
> Mark Ciminelli: mciminel@energy.state.ca.us
> Mohsen Abrishami: Mabrisha@energy.state.ca.us
© 2006, Itron Inc.
65