Italiano II il 22 di
Settembre 2015
1.
provino
1. Pulire
2. mettere
3. pagare
4. giocare
5. pensare
6. ubbidire but for block III - Spedire
7. soffrire
8. riferire
9. restituire
10.
cercare
Bonus
1. The classroom=
2. Hotel=
3. Subjects=
La Lezione
L’ introduzione alla la lezione I
1. Attivita’ alla lavagna
2. Ripasso I verbi
-are
-ere
-ire
Oggi in Italia
3. Ripassi di QUESTION WORDS:
Italian question words
It may be a little late in the game for discussing these, but it's
still worth covering the topic of question words in Italian and
looking at some ways they might be used which aren't
immediately apparent.
Che?
The word che in Italian means what, but when asking "what"
questions it is preferred to ask che cosa, or "what thing". In fact,
this is so common that it is actually possible to omit che and just
ask cosa as if it were a question!
Che cosa fai?
What are you doing?
Cosa hai detto?
What did you say?
Chi?
The word chi means who. It can be used to ask and answer
question about people.
Chi hai incontrato?
Who did you meet?
chi riceve gli ospiti
host (the one who receives guests)
Dove?
The word dove is used to ask where questions. Also, one
interesting thing to note is that for questions of "how far?",
Italians ask fin dove? or "ending where?".
Di dove sei?
Where are you from?
Fin dove andrai?
How far will you go?
Quando?
The Italian word quando means when. It asks and answers
"when" questions. When paired with da (from), it can be used to
form the present perfect tense.
Quando torni?
When will you return?
Da quando sei qui?
How long have you been here?
Perché?
The word perchè means both why and because.
Sono in ritardo perché avevo dimenticato di mettere la sveglia.
I an late because I forgot to set my alarm clock.
Dimme perchè.
Tell me why.
Come?
The word come means both how and like. It is capable of both
asking and answering "how" questions.
Come è vestido?
How is he dressed?
È vestido come un poliziotto.
He is dressed like a policeman.
It can also be used in the phrase come mai to ask "why"
questions (how come).
Come mai non sei venuto alla festa?
Why didn't you come to the party?
Quanto?
The Italian word quanto translates both as how much and how
many, depending on its ending. In English, we have separate
words for questions about single or plural quantities. In Italian,
you just pluralize the question word as you would any other word.
Quanto sono grandi i cani?
How big are the dogs?
Quanto anni hai?
How old are you?
Quale?
The word quale is the equivalent of the English question word
"which".
Quale preferisci?
Which one do you prefer?
Quale macchina è la tua?
Which car is yours?
4. Vocabolario delle presentazioni.
Introducing yourself
First impressions are important — they can start a friendship or
set the tone for your interaction with someone.
Start with a greeting.
1. The simplest greeting is Ciao or Buon giorno, which means
Hello or Good Day.
2. Introduce yourself
The two most common ways to introduce are to say Mi chiamo
Name (My name is Name) or Sono Name (I'm Name).Since
you are meeting the person for the first time, you should
use the more formal form of you
3. Use the formal Lei (singular you) when speaking to people
you don't know well; in situations such as in stores,
restaurants, hotels, or pharmacies); and with professors,
older people, and your friends' parents. Save the informal tu
(singular you) and voi (plural you) for friends, relatives,
younger people, and people you know well.
4. The formal Loro (plural you) is rarely used and is gradually
being replaced by the informal voi when addressing a group
of people:
5. Come ti/si chiami? (What's your name? [Informal])
6. Lei come si chiama? (What's your name? [Formal])
7. After they tell you their name you should express
pleasure. For example.
8. Piacere! (Nice to meet you!)
9. Piacere di conoscerla (Pleased to meet you.)
Asking "Where are you from?"
You don't need to stop at introductions; you could also take this
opportunity to talk about where each of you is from. To tell them
where you're from, say Sono degli Stati Uniti. (I'm from the
United States.) To ask where the person is from, you can say:
● Di dove sei? (Where are you from? [Informal])
● Di dov'è Lei? (Where are you from? [Formal])
If you want to talk about where you live on the other hand, you
can use the verbs abita or vivere — both of which mean to live:
● In quale città abita? (What city do you live in?)
● Lei abita qui? (Do you live here?)
● Dove vive? (Where do you live?)
● Vivo a Los Angeles. (I live in Los Angeles.)
Introducing other people
The second most common type of introduction is to introduce
someone else, such as your spouse, child, or friend. The following
phrases are typical of introducing someone else.
● Permette che mi presenti mia moglie? (May I introduce
my wife?)
● Permette che mi presenti mio fidanzato, Antonio? (May
I introduce my fiancé, Antonio?)
● Le/ti presento un amico mi, James. (This is my friend,
James. [F/M])
Put the steps together and see how it comes together in a
conversation.
Larry: Buongiorno. Mi chiamo Larry. Lei come si chiama?
(Hello. My name is Larry. What's your name?)
Maria: Sono Maria. (I'm Maria.)
Larry: Piacere di conoscerla. (It's a pleasure to meet you.)
Maria: E lei. (And you.)
Larry: Lei abitaqui? (Do you live here?)
Maria: Sì. Di dov'è Lei? (Yes. Where are you from?)
Larry: Sono degli Stati Unit. Vivo a Los Angeles. (I'm from
the United States. I live in Los Angeles.)
Maria: Permette che mi presenti mio fidanzato, Antonio?
(May I introduce my fiancé, Antonio?)
Larry: Piacere! (Nice to meet you!)
Nouns and articles in Italian .
Definite Articles
Here are the Italian definite articles. Notice that there are different forms based on gender,
number, and the beginning letter of the noun. Remember that articles are used to specify the
application of a noun.
The forms of the definite article in Italian
lo - used before masculine nouns (in the singular form) beginning with "z" or with "s" + a
consonant
l'- used before masculine nouns (in the singular form) beginning with any vowel
gli - used as the plural form for the above 2 examples
il - used before masculine nouns (in the singular form) beginning with any other consonant
i- used as the plural form for "il"
la - used before feminine nouns (in the singular form) beginning with any consonant
l'- used before feminine nouns (in the singular form) beginning with any vowel
le - used as the plural form for all feminine nouns
Examples:
l'amico (the [male] friend) becomes gli amici (the [male] friends)
l'amica (the [female] friend) becomes le amiche (the [female] friends)
Indefinite Articles
Here are the Italian indefinite articles. Notice that there are different forms based on gender,
number, and the beginning letter of the noun.
The forms of the indefinite article in Italian
uno - used before masculine nouns (in the singular form) beginning with "z" or with "s" + a
consonant
un - used before masculine nouns (in the singular form) beginning with a vowel or any
other consonant
una - used before feminine nouns (in the singular form) beginning with any consonant
un' - used before feminine nouns (in the singular form) beginning with any vowel
Gender of Nouns
In Italian, nouns have grammatical gender and are either masculine or feminine. For the most
part, you can tell the gender of a noun in Italian by looking at the ending.
A noun ending in "o" is usually masculine and a noun ending in "a" is usually feminine. When a
noun ends in "e" (which is a common ending), you will have to memorize the gender when you
memorize the word.
Here is a list of endings that usually correspond to either the masculine or the feminine,
however there are a few exceptions.
Masculine Endings in
Italian
Feminine Endings in
Italian
è - il caffè, etc.
ì - il tassì, etc.
ò - il comò, etc.
amma - il programma, etc.
ema - il problema, etc.
ore - il colore, etc.
Alla Facolta’
Vocabolario
Italian Vocabulary
à - la città, etc.
ù - la virtù, etc.
ione - la televisione, etc.
si - la crisi, etc.
.
I OGGETTI IN UN'AULA
Italiano
English
l'aula f
classroom
il blocchetto per appunti
notepad
la borsa
bag
il cancellino
board eraser
la carta
paper
la cartella
folder
la classe
class
l'evidenziatore m
highlighter pen
un foglio di carta
a sheet of paper
il gessetto
piece of chalk
la gomma
eraser (US), rubber (GB)
la lavagna
blackboard
la lavagna bianca
whiteboard
il lettore di cassette
tape player
il libro
book
il libro di esercizi
workbook
la matita
pencil
il pastello
crayon
il pennarello
board pen, felt-tip pen
la perforatrice
hole punch
il portafogli
briefcase
il registratore
tape recorder
il righello
ruler
la scrivania
desk
la scuola
school
la sedia
chair
il taccuino
notebook
il temperamatite, il temperino
pencil sharpener
alzare la mano
to raise one's hand
aprire/chiudere il libro
to open/close the book
ascoltare una cassetta
to listen to a tape
cancellare la lavagna
to clean the board
condividere il libro
to share a book
fare una domanda
to ask a question
guardare un video
to watch a video
lavorare a coppie
to work in pairs
lavorare a gruppi
to work in groups
parlare col tuo compagno
to talk to your partner
scambiare i posti
to swap places
The classroom
SCHOOL LIFE
lesson
La lezione
pupil
L'allievo
boarder
Il convittore
bell
La campanella
homework
Il compito
timetable
L'orario
term/semeste
r
Il periodo / quadrimestre
detention
Il penso
study period
Il periodo di studi
STATIONERY
Biro
La penna a sfera
fountain pen
La penna stilografica
pencil
La matita
eraser
STATIONERY
Biro
La penna a sfera
fountain pen
La penna stilografica
pencil
La matita
eraser
La gomma
chalk
Il gessetto
blackboard
La lavagna
paper
La carta
sheet of paper
Il foglio di carta-
book
Il libro
text book
Il libro di testo
exercise book
Il quaderno
rough book
Il quaderno di brutta
note book
Il notes
calculator
La calcolatrice
ADJECTIVES
Italian and English differ in their usage of adjectives. Italian descriptive adjectives are usually
placed after the noun they modify, and with which they agree in gender and number.
COMMON ITALIAN ADJECTIVES ENDING IN -O
allegro
cheerful, happy
buono
good, kind
cattivo
bad, wicked
freddo
cold
grasso
fat
leggero
light
nuovo
new
pieno
full
stretto
narrow
timido
timid, shy
Adjectives ending in -o have four forms: masculine singular, masculine plural, feminine singular,
and feminine plural. Observe how the adjectives nero and cattivo change to agree with nouns
they modify.
ENDINGS OF -O ADJECTIVES
SINGULAR
PLURAL
il gatto nero (the black cat, masculine) i gatti neri (the black cats, masculine)
la gatta nera (the black cat, feminine)
le gatte nere (the black cats,
feminine)
il ragazzo cattivo (the bad boy)
i ragazzi cattivi (the bad boys)
la ragazza cattiva (the bad girl)
le ragazze cattive (the bad girls)
Note that when an adjective modifies two nouns of different gender, it retains its masculine
ending. For example: i padri e le madre italiani (Italian fathers and mothers).
Adjective agreement review .
Essential Italian Grammar – Adjectives
The adjective is a variable part of the speech, which is added to a noun in order to give
it a quality or to define it in a better way. Adjectives give sentences meaning, color and
excitement. Without them, it would be difficult to visualize the people, places and things
that are described in a given narrative. Imagine reading a story with no descriptions of
the characters, such as their physical attributes or their emotional state. It would be a
pretty boring story, wouldn't it?
Adjectives in English appear before a noun. Now, let's take a look at adjectives in
Italian:
According to the linked noun, the adjective can have:
● an attributive function, when it is linked directly to a noun.
Il cielo azzurro mi rilassa. – The blue sky relaxes me.
● a predicative function, when it is linked to the noun through the verb essere, to
be
Il cielo è azzurro. – The sky is blue.
The adjectives agree always on gender and number with the noun. When they are
linked to various nouns, if there is just one masculine, the adjectives are all masculine
too.
Ho bisogno di una sciarpa (f) e una giacca (f) nuove. – I need a new scarf and a new
jacket.
Ho bisogno di un pullover (m) e una giacca (f) nuovi. – I need a new pullover and a new
jacket.
The forms of the adjectives:
● adjectives ending in masculine singular with –o
Singula
Plural
r
Masculin
nuov-o
e
nuov-i
Feminine nuov-a
nuove
Il gioco nuovo. – The new toy.
I giochi nuovi. – The new toys.
La casa nuova. – The new house.
Le case nuove. – The new houses.
● adjectives ending in masculine singular with –ista
Singula
Plural
r
Masculin egoiste
a
egoisti
egoista
egoiste
Feminine
L'uomo egoista. – The egoist man.
La donna egoista. – The egoist woman.
Gli uomini egoisti. – The egoist men.
Le donne egoiste. – The egoist women.
● adjectives ending in masculine singular with –e
Singula
Plural
r
Masculine/Femini
ne
gentil-e
gentili
L'uomo gentile. – The kind man.
La donna gentile. – The kind woman.
Gli uomini gentili. – The kind men.
Le donne gentili. – The kind women.
The following adjectives have just an invariable form:
● pari (pair) and dispari (odd)
● adjectives of colors, which derive from nouns: rosa, ocra, viola, nocciola,
marrone
● adjectives composed by the prefix anti + noun: antinebbia (fog lights), antifurto
(anti-theft)
Il muro rosa. – The pink wall.
I muri rosa. – The pink walls.
La casa rosa. – The pink house.
Le case rosa. – The pink houses.
The position of the adjectives.
The adjectives can be used before or after the noun.
● C'era un grande lago. – There was a big lake.
● C'era un lago grande. – There was a big lake .
The position gives a different tone to a sentence, according to these rules:
● The adjective before the noun has less power than the one after.
○ Luisa è una bella ragazza. Luisa is a beautiful girl. This is less powerful
than
○ Luisa è una ragazza bella. (The meaning is more like "Luisa is REALLY
beautiful.")
● Sometimes the adjective before the noun has a descriptive function, while after
it has a distinctive function
○ Luigi è venuto con la sua bella figlia. – Luigi has come with his beautiful
daughter.
○ Luigi è venuto con la figlia bella. – Luigi has come with his daughter, the
beautiful one.
● In some cases, the different position can influence the meaning of the sentence.
○ Il nostro vicino è un uomo povero. – Our neighbor is a poor man.
○ Il nostro vicino è un pover'uomo. – Our neighbor is a worthless man.
There are adjectives which are used just after the noun. They indicate:
● nationality (italiano, tedesco, americano, etc.)
● membership (democratico, socialista, comunista, etc.)
● location or position (destro, sinistro, etc.)
● physical characteristics (cieco, gobbo, etc.)