Sparse Matrix Operator Kernel Emissions
SMOKE Training
Community Modeling and Analysis System Center
Institute for the Environment
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
©2011 Institute for the Environment
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CMAS
Community Modeling and Analysis System
http://www.cmascenter.org
What does CMAS do?
• Working to coordinate
community approach to
emissions and air quality
modeling
• Software distribution and
support
• Training and conferences
• Outreach
• Development
• Communication
• CMAQ, MCIP, SMOKE, I/O API,
PAVE, MIMS
January 2011 SMOKE/CMAQ Training
Konkuk University Seoul, Korea
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SMOKE
Sparse Matrix Operator Kernel Emissions
http://www.smoke-model.org
Features:
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Open-source, highly optimized
Criteria and toxics pollutants
Supports CMAQ, CAMx, MAQSIP,
REMSAD, UAM
Annual, daily, hourly inventories
MOBILE6 and BEIS3
Fire plume rise algorithms
Flexible QA/QC features
Large user community
Active training program
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Training Overview
• Emissions processing
basics
• SMOKE basics
• Running SMOKE
• Overview lab
• SMOKE programs
• SMOKE problem solving
©2011 Institute for the Environment
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Area sources lab
Biogenics lab
Point sources lab
Pregridded sources lab
Merge lab
Quality assurance lab
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Overall Goal
• Emissions
inventory
o Usually annual data
(i.e. tons/yr)
o Reported by source (may
be county or coordinate)
o By inventory pollutant
(CO, NOx, VOC,,,)
©2011 Institute for the Environment
• Air quality model
input
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Hourly
Gridded
By model species
May be 3-D file (layered)
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Source Categories
• Point source characteristics
o Country, state, and county (FIPS)
o Latitude and longitude
o Plant, point, stack, segment, and source category
code (SCC)
o Ex: power plants, furniture refinishers
• Area source characteristics
o Country, state, and county
o Source category code (SCC)
o Ex: residential heating, lawnmowers, vehicular
road dust (unpaved road),airports.
©2011 Institute for the Environment
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Source Categories
• Mobile (on-road) source characteristics
Country, state, and county
Road type (e.g. rural interstate, urban local)
Vehicle type (e.g. light/heavy duty gasoline vehicles)
Optional link coordinates ( road segment within a
county)
o Ex: gasoline and diesel vehicles on freeways
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• Biogenic source characteristics
o Gridded land use
o Ex: crops, corn, soybean, conifer forests, wetlands
©2011 Institute for the Environment
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Definitions
• Inventory pollutant: A compound or group
of compounds defined for record-keeping and
regulatory purposes (e.g. CO, NOx, VOC,
PM10, PM2.5)
• Species: A compound or group of
compounds defined as part of the estimation
of air chemistry in an air quality model (AQM)
(e.g. CO, NO, NO2, PAR, TOL, OLE)
©2011 Institute for the Environment
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Definitions
• Speciation: Convert the inventory pollutant
data to the species needed by the AQM (e.g.
VOC gets split into PAR, OLE, XYL, TOL, ISOP,
and more)
• Chemical mechanism: A parameterized
representation of coupled chemical reactions
(e.g. CB4, RADM2, SAPRAC99, CB05)
©2011 Institute for the Environment
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Definitions
• Map projection: The mathematical 2-d
representation of the spherical surface of the
Earth (Emission and Air Quality Models shares)
• Model grid: A 2-d region based on a map
projection; defined by starting coordinates,
number of columns and rows, and the physical
size of the grid cells
©2011 Institute for the Environment
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Model Grid Definition
©2011 Institute for the Environment
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Model Grid Examples
©2011 Institute for the Environment
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Definitions
• Spatial allocation: Convert the source
spatial extent to the grid cell resolution
needed by the air quality model
• Gridding surrogates: A dataset used to
spatially allocate the emissions to the grid
cells; developed from data at a finer
resolution than the emissions (e.g.
population, housing, airports, roads)
©2011 Institute for the Environment
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Definitions
• Model layers: Vertical spatial divisions of the
atmosphere defined by an air quality model;
used to model variations in the atmosphere at
different vertical positions
• Plume rise: The rising of exhaust from point
sources due to the velocity and temperature
of the exhaust gases
©2011 Institute for the Environment
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Definitions
• Elevated source: A point source in which
emissions extend beyond the first model layer
due to plume rise
• Plume-in-grid (PinG): A special treatment of
elevated sources in which the plume rise is
modeled with extra detail by the AQM
©2011 Institute for the Environment
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Definitions
• Temporal allocation: Convert the annual or
daily inventory data to the hourly data
needed by the AQM
• Profile data: Factors used for converting
inventory emissions data to AQM data
• Cross-reference: A dataset used to match
sources in the inventory with profile data
©2011 Institute for the Environment
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Cross-reference Example
X-ref table
Profiles table
State County ID
ID Factor 1 Factor 2
NC
Durham
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1.2
10.4
NC
Orange
14
14
1.4
12.7
NC
Wake
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1.7
18.3
SC
all
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1.6
15.2
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1.1
9.8
©2011 Institute for the Environment
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Area Emissions
Processing
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Import data
Spatial allocation
Speciation
Temporal allocation
Growth (to a future or past year) and controls
Merge
©2011 Institute for the Environment
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Point Emissions
Processing
• Import, speciation, temporal allocation,
growth/controls, plus…
• No surrogates needed for spatial allocation
• May have day- and hour-specific emissions
• Determine elevated and PinG sources
• Special processing for elevated and PinG
sources
• Merge
©2011 Institute for the Environment
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Biogenic Emissions
Processing
• MEGAN emissions model
• Global gridded land cover, emissions factors,
and plant functional types
• Compute hourly biogenic photochemical and
secondary organic aerosol precursors
• Adjust estimates using simulated temperature
and solar radiation
©2011 Institute for the Environment
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Merging
• Combine independent import, gridding,
speciation, temporal allocation, and other
steps for a single sourcse category to create
model-ready files
• Combine multiple source categories into a
single data set, called model-ready output for
the AQM
• Output correct units, species, time steps,
grid, and file format for the AQM
©2011 Institute for the Environment
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Quality Assurance
• Compare emission totals from emissions
processor with inventory totals (by state,
county, SCC, etc.)
• Compare emission totals after each stage of
processing
• Ensure that input file formats are correct
• Ensure that no errors occurred during
processing
• Compare emissions between states and
counties
©2011 Institute for the Environment
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SMOKE Basics
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Programs
Data flow
Shared program details
Capabilities
Benefits
©2011 Institute for the Environment
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Emissions Processing Paradigms
©2011 Institute for the Environment
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SMOKE
Programs
©2011 Institute for the Environment
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SMOKE Data Flow
©2011 Institute for the Environment
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Capabilities
Data Import
• Formats
o EMS-95: area, mobile, point, and day- and hourspecific point
o IDA and ORL (toxics): area, mobile, and point
o CEM format : hour-specific point
o Pregridded inventories in netCDF format
o Gridded land use
• User-defined inventory pollutants
o Photochemical precursors, PM, air toxics defined
by default; new pollutants can be added as
needed
o No limit on number of pollutants
©2011 Institute for the Environment
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Capabilities
Spatial Allocation
• Convert inventory spatial distribution to 3-d modeling
grid
• Input coordinates: Lat-Lon or Universal Transverse
Mercator (UTM)
• Output projections: Lat-Lon, Lambert, equatorial
mercator, polar stereographic
• No limit on number and size of grid cells
• Area: use gridding surrogates or assign lat-lon
coordinates
• Mobile: apply gridding surrogates
• Point: assign point source locations to grid cells
©2011 Institute for the Environment
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Capabilities
Chemical Speciation
• Convert inventory VOC and PM pollutants to
species required by air quality models
• User-defined species, unlimited number
• CB05 and SAPRC-99 mechanisms are readily
available; other mechanism speciation can be
developed by users
• Handles both mole-based and mass-based
speciation
©2011 Institute for the Environment
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Capabilities
Temporal Allocation
• Convert inventory temporal coverage to
hourly estimates
• Supports monthly, weekly, and hourly profiles
o Allows different hourly profiles for each day of the
week
• Can use average-day or annual inventory
data
• Point sources can use day- and hour-specific
data
• Biogenics based on meteorology data
• Automatic accounting for holidays
©2011 Institute for the Environment
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Capabilities
Growth and Controls
• Uses year-specific growth factors to grow
inventories to future or past years
• Several types of multiplicative and reactivity
controls
• Location and source IDs for area and mobile
• Source-specific for Point
• Pollutant-specific growth and controls
©2011 Institute for the Environment
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Capabilities
Biogenics Processing
• MEGAN can be run outside of SMOKE and
configured to output SMOKE-formatted files
• Merge MEGAN data with anthropogenic
emissions for input to AQMs
• Several chemical mechanisms (CB4, CB05, and
SAPRC99) are readily available to convert VOC
estimates from MEGAN to AQM species
• Support NO and VOC emission factors only
©2011 Institute for the Environment
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Capabilities
Point Source Processing
• Annual, Day- and/or hour-specific data by
pollutant
• Supports customized source definition based on
different text inventory formats
• Selects elevated and PinG sources
• Can import hourly data such as Continuous
Emissions Monitoring (CEM)
©2011 Institute for the Environment
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Capabilities
Elevated Source Options
• Two options for defining elevated sources
1. Define characteristics of elevated sources and
allow AQMto computes plume rise
2. Treat all sources as potentially elevated; SMOKE
computes plume rise
• Select PinG sources; SMOKE outputs special
PinG file
• Allocate 2-d area sources to vertical layers
using vertical profiles
©2011 Institute for the Environment
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Benefits of SMOKE
• Faster processing than other systems (pre-compiled
Linux program)
• Flexible processing paradigm for multiple grids,
control strategies, chemical mechanisms, etc.
• Machine-independent binary file format (netCDF-I/O
API)
• No grid or inventory size limits
• No limit to number of pollutants or species
• Processing for ozone, toxics, PM, wildfires, offshore,
lightening, and aircraft modeling
• Open source codes for users
• Output for CMAQ, MAQSIP, UAM-V, CAMx, UAMAERO, REMSAD, and AERMOD
©2011 Institute for the Environment
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SMOKE Libraries and
Utilities
• Libraries: I/O API, NetCDF
• Analysis/Postprocessing: I/O API Tools
• Ancillary data tools: Spatial Allocator,
Speciation Tool
• Visualization: PAVE, VERDI, IDV
©2011 Institute for the Environment
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SMOKE Libraries and
Utilities
• Library files provide an easy way for programs to share
commonly used subroutines; three libraries used by
CMAQ
• I/O API - an easy-to-learn, easy-to-use programming
library for data storage and access, available for both
Fortran and C
• netCDF - an interface for array-oriented data access and
a library that provides an implementation of the interface
©2011 Institute for the Environment
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I/O API Library
• The Input/Output Applications Programming
Interface contains an extensive set of utility routines
for manipulating dates and times, performing
coordinate conversions, storing and recalling grid
definitions, sparse matrix arithmetic, etc., as well as a
set of data-manipulation and statistical analysis
programs
• Command line programs that are easy to script for
automating analysis and post processing
• http://www.baronams.com/products/ioapi/
• Examples of I/O API utilities
©2011 Institute for the Environment
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netCDF Library
• The Network Common Data Form is an interface to a
library of data access functions for storing and
retrieving data in the form of arrays
• An abstraction that supports a view of data as a
collection of self-describing, network-transparent
objects that can be accessed through a simple
interface
• By using direct file access, netCDF achieves the goal
of supporting efficient access to small subsets of large
datasets
• www.unidata.ucar.edu/packages/netcdf/
©2011 Institute for the Environment
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I/O API Tools
• m3diff: for computing statistics for pairs of
variables and for applying various comparison
("differencing") operations to those variables in a pair
of files
• m3edhdr: edit header attributes/file descriptive
parameters
• m3merge: merges selected variables from a set of
input files for a specified time period, and writes
them to a single output file, with optional variablerenaming in the process
• vertot: compute vertical-column totals of variables in
a file
©2011 Institute for the Environment
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The Surrogate Tool
• Creates spatial surrogates from GIS Shapefile
attributes or functions of the attributes
• Merges surrogates
o 0.75*Total Road Miles + 0.25*Population
• Gapfills surrogates
• prevents dropping of emissions with up to four
levels of coverage
©2011 Institute for the Environment
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Speciation Tool
• Generates chemical speciation profiles for
emission models, including SMOKE
• Converts VOC and PM mass fractions to
photochemical mechanism species
• Supports any defined chemical mechanism
• Supports both VOC and PM species
• Supports integrated and non-integrated HAPS
• Supports both active and tracer toxics
©2011 Institute for the Environment
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PAVE
• Package for Analysis and Visualization of
Environmental data is a UNIX/Linux graphics tool for
netCDF and UAM formatted data
• PAVE is a flexible and distributed application to
visualize multivariate gridded environmental datasets
• Easily scriptable to automate plot generation
• Creates 2-d tile plots, time series, 3-d mesh plots, bar
charts, scatter plots, and integrates observations into
graphics
• http://www.cmascenter.org/html/models.html
©2011 Institute for the Environment
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VERDI
• Visualization Environment for Rich Data
Interpretation is Java graphics tool for I/O APInetCDF formatted data
• VERDI was developed as a replacement for
PAVE
• Easily scriptable to automate plot generation
• Creates 2-d tile plots, time series, 3-d mesh
plots, bar charts, scatter plots, and integrates
observations into graphics
• http://www.verdi-tool.org
©2011 Institute for the Environment
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IDV
• Integrated Data Viewer is a Java graphics tool
that supports multiple data formats
• IDV is a 3-d visualization tool
• Scriptable to automate plot generation
• In addition to standard output formats (gif, mpeg,
etc), also can output kmz files.
• http://www.unidata.ucar.edu/software/idv/
• Current version is IDV 2.7 update 1
©2011 Institute for the Environment
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Running SMOKE
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Assigns file
Files and directory names
Default directory structure
Case and episode settings
Script structure
©2011 Institute for the Environment
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Assigns File
• Sets directory names and file names for input
and output files
• Sets case-specific (global) settings like grid,
chemical mechanism, and episode dates
• Used when running scripts and when working
directly with files
• Always “source your Assigns file”
> cd $SMK_HOME/subsys/smoke/assigns
> source ASSIGNS.nei96.cmaq.cb4p25.us36
©2011 Institute for the Environment
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Main Directories
SMKROOT: Main SMOKE system directory
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Assigns file
Run scripts
Program source code
Executables
($SMK_HOME)
©2011 Institute for the Environment
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Main Directories
SMKDAT: Main SMOKE
data directory
– Inventories
– Cross-reference and
profile data
– Intermediate and
output files
©2011 Institute for the Environment
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Inventory Directories
INVDIR: Main inventory
directory
– ARDAT: Area source
inventory data
– BGDAT: Biogenics
land use data
– MBDAT: Mobile
source inventory data
– PTDAT: Point source
inventory data
©2011 Institute for the Environment
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Other Input Directories
GE_DAT: General data
directory
– Grid descriptions
– Cross-reference and
profile data
– Other inputs
(holidays,
country/state/county
names, stack
parameters, SCC/SIC
description names, etc.)
©2011 Institute for the Environment
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Other Input Directories
MET_DAT: Meteorology data directory
– Hourly, gridded meteorology data from MCIP
©2011 Institute for the Environment
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Intermediate Output
Directories
INVOPD: Intermediate inventory directory
– Output from Smkinven and Grwinven
©2011 Institute for the Environment
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Intermediate Output
Directories
SCENARIO: Time-dependent output directory
– Output from Temporal and Laypoint
©2011 Institute for the Environment
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Intermediate Output
Directories
STATIC: Time-independent output directory
– Output from Grdmat, Spcmat, Cntlmat,
Elevpoint, Mbsetup, Premobl, and Emisfac
©2011 Institute for the Environment
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Model-Ready Output
Directories
A_OUT: Merged area
output directory
B_OUT: Merged
biogenic output
directory
M_OUT: Merged
mobile output directory
P_OUT: Merged point
output directory
OUTPUT: Final
merged output
directory
©2011 Institute for the Environment
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Report Directories
REPSTAT: Timeindependent reports
directory
- Reports containing
emissions that are
not temporalized
REPSCEN: Timedependent reports
directory
- Reports containing
temporalized
emissions
©2011 Institute for the Environment
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Overall Settings
GRID: Grid name used in naming files
IOAPI_GRIDNAME_1: Grid name used in grid
description file
SPC: Chemical speciation name
- cmaq.cb4p25
- cmaq.saprc99pm
- remsad7.cb4mpm
©2011 Institute for the Environment
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Episode Settings
EPI_STDATE: Episode start date (YYYYDDD)
EPI_STTIME: Episode start time (HHMMSS)
EPI_RUNLEN: Episode run length (HHHMMSS)
EPI_NDAY: Number of days in the episode
G_STDATE: Start date for each output file
G_STTIME: Start time for each output file
G_RUNLEN: Length of each output file
ESDATE: Start date used in file names
©2011 Institute for the Environment
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Basic SMOKE Script Structure
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Set Assigns file name
Set source category
Select which programs to run
Program-specific settings
Multiple-program settings
Script settings
Assigns file override settings
Source the Assigns file
Run main SMOKE programs (smk_run.csh)
Run Smkreport (qa_run.csh)
Loop through days for time-dependent steps
©2011 Institute for the Environment
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Training Details
• Inventory
o 2005 West Asia and Europe inventory
• Pollutants
o CO, NOx, VOC, SO2, NH3, PM10, PM2.5
• Domains
o Arabian Gulf 36km and UAE 12km
• Period
o July 7, 2009
©2011 Institute for the Environment
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Training Domains
West Asia 36 and 12-km domains
©2011 Institute for the Environment
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SMOKE Programs
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Smkinven
Grdmat
Spcmat
Cntlmat
Grwinven
Temporal
Layalloc
©2011 Institute for the Environment
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Elevpoint
Laypoint
MEGAN
Smkmerge
Mrggrid
Mrgelev
Smk2emis
Smkreport
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SMOKE
Programs
©2011 Institute for the Environment
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Area Source Processing
©2011 Institute for the Environment
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Area Source Processing
©2011 Institute for the Environment
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Smkinven
(1)
• Imports area, mobile, or point source inventories
• Inputs
Inventory file
Country/state/county codes
Inventory table
ARINV|MBINV|PTINV
COSTCY
INVTABLE
Day-specific files(s)
PTDAY
Hour-specific files(s)
PTHOUR
Replacement stack parameters PSTK
Area-to-point assignments
©2011 Institute for the Environment
ARTOPNT
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Smkinven
• Outputs
SMOKE inventory file
(2)
AREA|MOBL|PNTS
Text file listing several files:
area.ncf, asrc.txt,
area_dat/<pollutant>.ncf
SMOKE day-specific file
SMOKE hour-specific file
Inventory SCC list
PDAY
PHOUR
[A|M|P]SCC
Import report
REPINVEN
©2011 Institute for the Environment
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Smkinven
(3)
• Major settings
SMK_SOURCE
DAY_SPECIFIC_YN
HOUR_SPECIFIC_YN
[A|M|P] sets source category
Y = import day-specific data
Y = import hour-specific data
SMK_ARTOPNT_YN
Y = assign coordinates to
specified sources
SMKINVEN_FORMULA
“PMC=PM10-PM2_5” to
compute coarse PM from PM10
and PM2.5
WEST_HSPHERE
Y = convert stack coordinates
to Western hemisphere
©2011 Institute for the Environment
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Grdmat
(1)
• Creates area, mobile, or point source gridding matrix
to assign inventory emissions to model grid cells.
• Inputs
SMOKE inventory file
AREA|MOBL|PNTS
Gridding cross-reference
[A|M]GREF
Gridding surrogates description file
SRGDESC
Grid description file
GRIDDESC
Mobile codes
MCODES
©2011 Institute for the Environment
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Grdmat
(2)
• Outputs
Gridding matrix
[A|M|P]GMAT
Ungridding matrix
MUMAT
Surrogate codes by source
[A|M]GSUP
• Major settings
SMK_SOURCE
REPORT_DEFAULTS
SMK_DEFAULT_SRGID
©2011 Institute for the Environment
[A|M|P] sets source category
Y = reports when default
profile is used
Default surrogate code to use
when primary surrogate
would cause zero emissions
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Spcmat
(1)
• Creates area, mobile, or point source speciation
matrices for mass- and mole-based factors
• Inputs
SMOKE inventory file
Speciation profiles
AREA|MOBL|PNTS
GSPRO
Speciation cross-reference
Pollutant conversion file
GSREF
GSCNV
Mobile codes
MCODES
Mobile emission processes
MEPROC
Inventory table
INVTABLE
©2011 Institute for the Environment
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Spcmat
(2)
• Outputs
Mole speciation matrix
[A|M|P]SMAT_L
Mass speciation matrix
[A|M|P]SMAT_S
Speciation codes by source
[A|M|P]SUP
• Major settings
SMK_SOURCE
REPORT_DEFAULTS
[A|M|P] sets source
category
Y = reports when default
profile is used
POLLUTANT_CONVERSION Y = use GSCNV file
©2011 Institute for the Environment
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Temporal
(1)
• Computes hourly area, mobile, or point source
emissions
• Inputs
SMOKE inventory file
SMOKE day-specific file
AREA|MOBL|PNTS
PDAY
SMOKE hour-specific file
Temporal profiles
PHOUR
[A|M|P]TPRO
Temporal cross-reference file
[A|M|P]TREF
Inventory table
INVTABLE
©2011 Institute for the Environment
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Temporal
(2)
• Inputs (continued)
Country/state/county codes
Holiday identification file
COSTCY
HOLIDAYS
• Outputs
Hourly emissions file
Temporal profile codes by source
©2011 Institute for the Environment
[A|M|P]TMP
[A|M|P]TSUP
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Temporal
• Major settings
SMK_SOURCE
(3)
[A|M|P] sets source category
G_STDATE
G_STTIME
Output file start date (YYYYDDD)
Output file start time (HHMMSS)
G_RUNLEN
Output file duration (HHMMSS)
OUTZONE
Output time zone
DAY_SPECIFIC_YN
Y = use day-specific data
HOUR_SPECIFIC_YN Y = use hour-specific data
REPORT_DEFAULTS
SMK_AVEDAY_YN
©2011 Institute for the Environment
Y = report when default profile is
used
Y = use average-day emissions
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Cntlmat
(1)
• Creates area, mobile, or point source growth and/or
control matrices
• Inputs
SMOKE inventory file
Control packets file
Speciation profiles (reactivity
controls only)
©2011 Institute for the Environment
AREA|MOBL|PNTS
GCNTL
GSPRO
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Cntlmat
• Outputs
Growth matrix
(2)
Mole reactivity matrix
Mass reactivity matrix
Reactivity supplemental file
[A|M|P]PMAT
[A|M|P]RMAT_L
[A|M|P]RMAT_S
[A|M|P]RSUP
Multiplicative control matrix
[A|M|P]CMAT
/CONTROL/ packet report
[A|M|P]CREP
/REACTIVITY/ packet report
[A|M|P]REACREP
/PROJECTION/ packet report
[A|M|P]PROJREP
Summary report
[A|M|P]CSUMREP
©2011 Institute for the Environment
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Cntlmat
• Major settings
SMK_SOURCE
REPORT_DEFAULTS
©2011 Institute for the Environment
(3)
[A|M|P] sets source category
Y = report when default
control is used
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Grwinven
• Grows an inventory using the growth and control
matrices from Cntlmat
• Inputs
SMOKE inventory file
AREA|MOBL|PNTS
Growth and control matrices
[A|M|P]CMAT[##]
• Outputs
SMOKE inventory file
AREA_O|MOBL_O|PNTS_O
Text inventory file
• Major settings
SMK_NUM_CNTLMAT
ARINV_O|MBINV_O|PTINV_O
SMK_OUTPUTIDA_YN
Y = output raw IDA inventory
©2011 Institute for the Environment
Number of matrices
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Smkmerge
(1)
• Merges any set of intermediate SMOKE files to create
model-ready output files and/or state/county
emission total reports
• Inputs
SMOKE inventory files
AREA
Gridding matrices
AGMAT
Hourly emissions
ATMP
Speciation matrices
ASMAT
©2011 Institute for the Environment
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Smkmerge
(2)
• Inputs (continued)
Grid description file
Multiplicative control matrices
Reactivity control matrices
GRIDDESC
ACMAT
ARMAT
Country/state/county codes
COSTCY
Inventory table
INVTABLE
©2011 Institute for the Environment
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Smkmerge
• Outputs
Emissions data
State/county report
©2011 Institute for the Environment
(3)
[A]G[T][S][_S|_L]
REP[A]G[T][S][_S|_L]
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Smkmerge
(4)
• Major settings
MRG_SOURCE
[A][B][M][P] indicates which
source categories to merge
MRG_SPCMAT_YN
Y = merge speciation matrices
MRG_TEMPORAL_YN Y = merge hourly emissions
MRG_CTLMAT_MULT [A][M][P] merge mult. controls
MRG_CTLMAT_REAC [A][M][P] merge reac. controls
MRG_GRDOUT_YN
Y = output gridded file
MRG_REPSTA_YN
Y = output state total report
MRG_REPCNY_YN
Y = output county total report
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Smkmerge
(5)
• Major settings (continued)
MRG_GRDOUT_UNIT
Units for gridded output (_S/_L)
MRG_TOTOUT_UNIT
Units for state/county totals
MRG_METCHK_YN
Y = check the consistency of
meteorology scenario name across
multiple input files
(mobile/biogenic/point)
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Point Source Processing
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Elevpoint
(1)
• Identifies elevated point sources by setting criteria of
stack parameters
• Inputs
SMOKE inventory file
PNTS
Grid description file
GRIDDESC
Elevated source selection file
(Stack height, Diameter, Top 10
NOx emitter)
PELVCONFIG
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Elevpoint
(2)
• Outputs
Elevated sources identification file PELV
PinG stack parameters file (CMAQ) STACK_GROUPS
• Major settings
SMK_PING_METHOD
SMK_ELEV_METHOD
©2011 Institute for the Environment
0 = no PinG sources
1 = use PELVCONFIG to select
PinG sources
0 = treat all sources as elevated
1 = use PELVCONFIG to select
elevated sources
2 = create INLN input file for
CMAQ in-line plume rise
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Laypoint
(1)
• Calculates plume rise layer fractions for elevated
point sources to distribute into modeling layers
• Inputs
SMOKE inventory file
PNTS
SMOKE hour-specific file (stack
parameters or plume rise) : fires only
PHOUR
Elevated source identification file
PELV
Meteorology data files from MCIP
GRID_CRO_2D
MET_CRO_2D
MET_CRO_3D
MET_DOT_3D
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Laypoint
• Outputs
Layer fractions file
(2)
PLAY
Explicit layer fractions file (hourly PLAY_EX
specific non-traditional point only)
• Major settings
REP_LAYER_MAX
Max Layer number to report
higher plumes than the layer
SMK_EMLAYS
Number of modeling emission
layers interested in.
SMK_SPECELEV_YN
Y = use PELV file
HOUR_PLUMEDATA_YN Y = import plume rise data
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Smkmerge
(1)
• Merges any set of intermediate SMOKE files to create
model-ready output files and/or state/county
emission total reports
• Inputs
SMOKE inventory files
PNTS
Gridding matrices
PGMAT
Hourly emissions
PTMP
Speciation matrices
PSMAT
Layer fractions file
PLAY|PLAY_EX
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Smkmerge
• Inputs (continued)
Grid description file
(2)
Multiplicative control matrices
Reactivity control matrices
Country/state/county codes
GRIDDESC
PCMAT
PRMAT
COSTCY
Inventory table
INVTABLE
Elevated source identification file
PELV
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Smkmerge
• Outputs
Emissions data
PinG emissions
(CMAQ)
(3)
[P]G[T][S][3D][_S|_L]
PING[T][S][_S|_L]
State/county report
REP[P]G[T][S][_S|_L]
UAM-style elevated file ELEV[T][S][_S|_L]
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Smkmerge
(4)
• Major settings
MRG_LAYERS_YN
Y = merge layer fractions
SMK_ASCIIELEV_YN
Y = create UAM-style elevated
point source file (UAM style)
SMK_PING_METHOD 0 = no PinG
1 = create output PinG file
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Biogenic Source Processing
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MEGAN
• TXT2NCF
o Converts gridded text (CSV) file of plant functional types
(PFTs) and plant-based emissions factors to netCDF format
• MEGAN
o Computes hourly biogenic emissions by apply meteorology
(temp/pressure) into gridded normalized emissions
• MG2IOAPI
o Applies speciation factors to convert MEGAN output species
to AQM pollutants.
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Mrggrid
• Final step in preparation of air quality model
emissions
• Merges 2-d and 3-d model-ready emissions files
(ex: Point + Area + Biogenic)
• Inputs
List of logical file names to merge FILELIST
• Outputs
Output emissions file
©2011 Institute for the Environment
OUTFILE
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Smkreport
(1)
• Generates a variety of user-defined emissions
summary reports for area, mobile, and point sources
• Inputs
Report configuration file
SMOKE inventory file
Hourly emissions file
Temporal profile codes by source
Gridding matrix
Surrogate codes by source
©2011 Institute for the Environment
REPCONFIG
AREA|MOBL|PNTS
[A|M|P]TMP
[A|M|P]TSUP
[A|M|P]GMAT
[A|M]GSUP
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Smkreport
(2)
• Inputs (continued)
Speciation matrix
Speciation profile codes by source
Layer fractions file
Country/state/county codes
Elevated source identification file
©2011 Institute for the Environment
[A|M|P]SMAT
[A|M|P]SSUP
PLAY
COSTCY
PELV
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Smkreport
• Outputs
Any number of report files
(3)
REPORT1
REPORT2
REPORT3, etc.
• Major settings
– Most options are controlled by the report
configuration file
– More details are in the REPCONFIG documentation
in Chapter 7 of the user’s manual
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SMOKE Problem Solving
•
•
•
•
Examining log files
Common problems
Smkreport program
SMOKE support
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Examining Log Files
• Every program outputs a log file
• Check for normal completion of program
• Fix any errors
o Check file formats
o Confirm locations of files
o Internal errors are not usually fixable by the user
• Check any warnings
o May not be a problem, but need to confirm
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Common Problems
(1)
• Problem: Program is reporting that an output
file cannot be opened
• Solution:
o Check that the directory listed in the log file is
valid and exists
o Delete the existing output file listed in the log file
and rerun; the I/O API library will not overwrite
files with different header information than the
new file
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Common Problems
(2)
• Problem: Output file is not in the expected
location after the program finishes
• Solution:
o Check that the program completed successfully
o Check the log file to find out the logical file name
of the output file
o Ensure that the logical file name is defined in the
Assigns file or scripts
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Common Problems
(3)
• Problem: Program is ending because an input
file is not available
• Solution:
o Check the log file to find the name and location of
the input file
o Ensure that the logical file name is defined in the
Assigns file or scripts
o Check that the directory and file name of the input
file is correct
o If the input file is generated by another program,
make sure that program completed successfully
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Smkreport
• Can compare emissions at each stage of
processing and with inventory totals
• Output files can be imported into spreadsheet
programs for further analysis
• Supports the selection and grouping of inventory
sources
o Report by source, inventory sector ID, source
characteristics, etc.
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SMOKE Support
• User’s Manual
• EPA CHIEF
(www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/index.html)
• CMAS Help Desk (www.cmascenter.org)
• Emissions modeling email list
(emregional@listserv.unc.edu)
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