“Computer Engineering”
Yeditepe University
April 19th, 2004
Mustafa Kandemir
Computer Engineering, Mustafa Kandemir, April 19th 2004, Yeditepe University
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Outline
• Introduction
• Computer Engineering
• IT Jobs
• Computers & Its Parts
• Database
• Datawarehouse & Datamining
• Telecommunication
• Major Types of Systems
• Conflicts Between Users and IT Person:
• Q&A
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My Working Life
• Graduated from METU(Department Of Computer Engineering) in 1989.
• Completed MS for Informatics(Informatics Institute) in METU in 2004.
• 15 years of working mostly in development(sometimes project management).
• Unbelivable change in IT industry in that time.
• First PC' s( 4 PCs ) in 1985 in University, now almost everybody has one in their
house or work.
• Old : PC with 5 Mhz CPU, No disk drive, monocolor screen, 32K pascal compiler
with editor, DOS 3.0, 256KB memory
• Now: 2.x Ghz PCs laptops, with hundreds ob GB of disk, some GB of memory,
with big, TFT color monitors.
• Software sizes up to Gigabytes
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Facts
• Glorious times are behind.
• Try to go with technology.
• Improve your knowledge all the time.
• Be patient.
• Expect more challange by time
• Supply/Demand gap for IT personal decreased
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Computer Engineering
• It is the application of CS.
• Are we really engineers ?
• What will you do in the future ?
• Programming is not everything.
• It is hard to decide a (job)role in business
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Jobs (1)
Hardware Related(body of computer)
• Integrated Circuit Design(CPU, other chips)
• Robotics
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Jobs (2)
Software Related (soul of computer)
• System Analyst
• Software Development(desgn, code, test, deliver and maintain)
• Project Managament ( resource, budget, time management)
• Database Administraion (Design, Perf&Tuning, Back Up/Restore )
• Application Test & Support(Help Desk)
• Business Intelligence (DWH, OLAP, Query Tools, Datamining)
• System Admin ( Operating System Perf&Tuning, Back Up/Restore, Security )
• Operations Research
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Jobs(3)
Network related (Vessels)
Network Administration
Other Jobs:
Consultancy for some specific area (Network,
Datawarehouse, DBMS, etc.)
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Others to be worked with:
•Users(Anybody that uses computers in their daily work)(they
need everthing !)
•Business Analysts (conflicts with IT personal)
•Operators
•Technicians(Network, PC)
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Management ? ( Müdür in Turkish)
• Engineering or Management ? What do you prefer ?
• Both is not possible (My opinion)
• BS seems to be enogh to cope with engineering needs
• MS is good for academic life !
• MBA is good for management in finance
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IT & Business
INTERDEPENDENCE
HARDWARE
BUSINESS
SOFTWARE
DATABASE
Strategy
Rules
Procedures
ORGANIZATION
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TELECOMMUNICATIONS
INFORMATION SYSTEM
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Hardware
CPU
INPUT
SECONDARY
STORAGE
DEVICES
BUSES
OUTPUT
DEVICES
COMMUNICATIONS
DEVICES
PRIMARY
STORAGE
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Computer Generations
1. Vacuum tubes: 1946-1956
2. Transistors: 1957-1963
3. Integrated circuits: 1964-1979
4. Very large-scale integrated (vlsi) circuits: 1980present
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Software
APPLICATION SOFTWARE
SYSTEM SOFTWARE
HARDWARE
OPERATING SYSTEM:
SCHEDULED COMPUTER
EVENTS
ALLOCATES
COMPUTER RESOURCES
MONITORS EVENTS
LANGUAGE TRANSLATORS:
INTERPRETERS
COMPILERS
UTILITY PROGRAMS:
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES:
ROUTINE OPERATIONS
MANAGE DATA
ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE; FORTRAN;
COBOL; PL / 1; QBASIC; PASCAL; C; C++;
“FOURTH GENERATION” LANGUAGES
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Operating System
Manages & Controls Activities
• Allocation & assignment
• Scheduling
• Monitoring
• System residence device: secondary storage device
storing operating system
*
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Database(DBMS)
Organization’s electronic library
Stores & manages data
In a convenient form
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Components Of DBMS:
• DATA DEFINITION LANGUAGE(DDL):
– Defines Data Elements in Database
• DATA MANIPULATION LANGUAGE(DML):
– Manipulates Data for Applications
• DATA DICTIONARY:
– Formal Definitions of all Variables in Database;
Controls Variety of Database Contents
*
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Structured Query Language (SQL)
• Emerging standard
• Data manipulation language
• For relational databases
*
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Advantages Of DBMS:
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Reduces complexity
Reduces data redundancy / inconsistency
Central control of data creation / definitions
Reduces program / data dependence
Reduces development / maintenance costs
Enhances system flexibility
Increases access / availability of information
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Database trends
• DATA WAREHOUSE: Organization’s Electronic
Library Stores Consolidated Current & Historic
Data for Management Reporting & Analysis
• DATA MART: small data warehouse for special
function, e.g., focused marketing based on
customer info
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Datawarehoue (DWH)
• DWH vs Operatinal Data Store
• DWH is not a copy of ODS
• Transformed, Cleansed, historic, huge but
easy to query data store
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Components Of Data Warehouse
OPERATIONAL,
HISTORICAL DATA
INTERNAL
DATA
SOURCES
DATA WAREHOUSE
DATA
ACCESS &
ANALYSIS
EXTRACT,
TRANSFORM
INFORMATION
DIRECTORY
EXTERNAL
DATA
SOURCES
Computer Engineering, Mustafa Kandemir, April 19th 2004, Yeditepe University
QUERIES &
REPORTS
OLAP
DATA MINING
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Datawarehoue (DWH)
Data Modeling
Oracle Data Mart Designer
OLTP
Databases
OLTP
Engines
Data
Extraction
Warehousing
Engines
DWH
Database
DBMS
SQL
Data
Management
Data Access
& Analysis
Query Tool &
Reporting
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Dataminig
• Try to find something not known from data (by using
patterns in data)
• Beer nearby snack, it is obvious !
• But, what about beer neraby baby napkin ?
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Data Mining Flow
Source
Data
Source
Data
Data Mining
Extract
Clean
Source
Data
Transform
Host
Application
Predict
Deploy
Evaluate
Model
Predict
Production
Data
Source
Data
Decision
Support
Mart
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Business Intelligence Query Tools
(Datawarehouse, OLAP, Datamining)
• Easy to understand data model
• Esay to use GUI
• Fast Response
• Scheduling complex queries
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Business Intelligence Definitions
Query
and Reporting OLAP
Data Mining
Extraction of
detailed and
summary data
Summaries,
trends and
forecasts
Knowledge discovery
of hidden patterns
and insights
“Information”
“Analysis”
“Insight and Prediction”
Who purchased
mutual funds in
the last 3 years?
What is the
income
distribution
of mutual
fund buyers?
Who will buy a
mutual fund in the
next 6 months?
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Telecommunications
Communicating information
Via electronic means
Over some distance
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Major Types of Information Systems
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Executive support systems (ESS)
Management information systems (MIS)
Decision support systems (DSS)
Knowledge work systems (KWS)
Office automation systems (OAS)
Transaction processing systems (TPS)
*
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Typical TPS Applications
• Scheduling; Purchasing; Shipping / Receiving;
Engineering; Operations
• Materials Resource Planning Systems; Purchase
Order Control Systems; Engineering Systems;
Quality Control Systems
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Office Automation Systems (OAS)
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Toward a “Paperless” office
Redesign of work flow
Integrated software
Ergonomic design
Bright, cheerful work space
EXAMPLE: Presentation Graphics
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Knowledge Work Systems (KWS)
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Knowledge level
Inputs: design specs
Processing: modelling
Outputs: designs, graphics
Users: technical staff
EXAMPLE: Engineering Work
Station
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Management Information Systems
(MIS)
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Structured & semi-structured decisions
Report control oriented
Past & present data
Internal orientation
Lengthy design process
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Decision Support Systems (DSS)
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Management level
Inputs: low volume data
Processing: interactive
Outputs: decision analysis
Users: professionals, staff
EXAMPLE: Contract Cost Analysis
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Decision Support System(DSS)
TPS
USER
INTERFACE
DSS DATA
BASE
EXTERNAL
DATA
DSS SOFTWARE SYSTEM
MODELS
OLAP TOOLS
DATAMINING TOOLS
USER
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Decision Support System
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TPS: transaction processing system
MODEL: representation of a problem
OLAP: on-line analytical processing
USER INTERFACE: how user enters problem &
receives answers
• DSS DATABASE: current data from applications
or groups
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Decision Support System
• DATA MINING: technology for finding
relationships in large data bases for prediction
• DSS SOFTWARE SYSTEM: tools for data
analysis
• SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS: “what-if” questions
about changes in model factors
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Executive Support Systems (ESS)
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Strategic Level
Inputs: Aggregate Data
Processing: Interactive
Outputs: Projections
Users: Senior Managers
EXAMPLE: 5 Year Operating Plan
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Interrelationships Among Systems
ESS
MIS
KWS
DSS
TPS
OAS
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Conflicts Between Users and IT Person:
• User requires something
• IT understands it differently
• The result is somehow hybrid of the understanding
of the both sides
• No one will be happy
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Computer Engineering, Mustafa Kandemir, April 19th 2004, Yeditepe University
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HOW USERS
SEES THE
PROBLEM
ACTUALLY THERE IS
NO ONE AND ONLY ONE
ANSWER
HOW IT PERSON
SEES THE
PROBLEM
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Users:
• Don’t underestimate them
• Dont’t think you are smarter than them
• Don’t think you are stronger than them
• Listen them carefully
• Otherrwise you will be a cat like in the following picture .....
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USER
IT STAFF
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Questions
&
Answers
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