Topic: Final Exam Review
Aim: Let’s review Scientific Method
and Measurement
HW: Start studying for Friday’s Final
Part 1.
Measurement
Length
Mass
Volume of a regular solid
Volume of a liquid
Units
mm, cm, m, km
g
cm3
mL or L
Density of a solid
g/cm3
Density of a liquid
g/mL
Metric ruler
Measures length
Triple Beam Balance
Mm, cm, m
Measures Mass Graduated cylinder
g, kg
Measures volume
mL or L
Mass = 137.4 gm
1. Identify the
method used.
DISPLACEMENT
2. What is
measured?
VOLUME OF AN
IRREGULAR SOLID
3. Identify the units.
g/mL
gcm3
Volume of
water:
4.2mL
Volume of
water with
dinosaur:
5.6mL
Volume of
dinosaur
1.4mL
3cm x 2cm x 5cm
30cm3
Why are the
icebergs
floating?
They are less
dense than the
water.
They have a
density less
than 1g/mL.
The experiment on the right is
performed to determine if radish
seeds take in oxygen as they
germinate. Methylene blue is a
chemical that is blue when oxygen is
present, but is colorless when
oxygen is not present. Containers A
and B each contained 200 mL of
water and 10 drops of methylene
blue. Ten radish seeds were added
to container A. Container B had no
radish seeds.
1. State the problem.
2. Identify the independent
variable.
3. Identify the dependent variable.
4. Identify the control group.
5. Identify a constant or control.
6. What can be done to make the
results more relaible?
A student examined a rock sample and
described it as having particles of various
colors that were 1 mm to 12 mm in size.
The student was making
(1)an inference
(2) a prediction
(3) a hypothesis
(4) an observation
All of the liquid from a test tube is poured into a
beaker, as shown in the diagram below.
Compared to the liquid that was in the test tube,
the liquid in the beaker has
(1) a different volume, but the same shape
(2) a different volume and a different shape
(3) the same volume, but a different shape
(4) the same volume and the same shape
The diagram below shows water in a graduated
cylinder.
A student states that the graduated cylinder
contains 150 mL of water. This statement is
(1) a prediction
(3) a theory
(2) an observation
(4) a hypothesis
The diagram below shows 20 grams of two different
materials, A and B, on a laboratory balance.
Compared to material A, material B has a different
(1) density
(3) phase
(2) mass
(4) shape
A new idea that is tested in a
scientific experiment is known as a(an)
1. theory
2. hypothesis
3. inference
4. observation
Why do scientists consider any hypothesis valuable?
1. A hypothesis requires no further investigation.
2. A hypothesis may lead to further investigation
even if it is disproved by the experiment.
3. A hypothesis requires no further investigation if it
is proved by the experiment.
4. A hypothesis can be used to explain a conclusion
even if it is disproved by the experiment.
E
Nucleus
Vacuole
Nucleolus
G
Mitochondria
H
ER
Ribosome
Cell
membrane
Nucleus
Cell membrane
Vacuole
Chloroplast
Identify the processes below.
Cell Respiration
C6H12O6 + O2  CO2 + H20 + 36ATP
Photosynthesis
CO2 + H20  O2 + H20 + C6H12O6
Which sequence of terms is in the correct
order from simplest to most complex?
(1) cells, tissues, organs, organ
systems
(2) tissues, organisms, cells,
organ systems
(3) cells, tissues, organ systems,
organs
(4) organs, organisms, organ
systems, cells
When muscles are exercised extensively in
the absence of sufficient oxygen,
(1) lactic acid is produced
(2) a large amount of ATP is formed
(3) NADH molecules split
(4) oxidative respiration occurs
Yeast produce alcohol and CO2 in the
process of
(1)lactic acid fermentation
(2)alcoholic fermentation
(3)aerobic respiration
(4) glycolysis
1. What type of transport does this picture
represent? Active transport
2. Explain your answer.
Substances are moving from a LOW to HIGH concentration.
The diagram above shows the same type
of molecule in area A and area B. With
the passage of time, some molecules
move from area A to area B. This
movement is the result of the process
passive transport
of __________.
The basic life functions of an organism are
carried on by
(1) cells
(2) atoms
(3) nutrients
(4) hormones
Which substance do all living things
require to survive?
(1)blood
(2) carbon dioxide
(3) water
(4) organic soil
One important difference between living
things and nonliving things is that only
living things have
(1)compounds
(2) molecules
(3) elements
(4) cells
In order to survive, all organisms must
have
(1)chlorophyll
(2) energy
(3) carbon dioxide
(4) blood
The sum of all chemical reactions that take
place within an organism is known as
(1) evolution
(2) circulation
(3) metabolism
(4) reproduction
Identify all systems below.
Skeletal
Muscular
Respiratory
Circulatory
Digestive
Excretory
Nervous
What system is represented in the diagram?
Excretory system
Removes metabolic
wastes from the
body.
1. What system is represented in the diagram?
2. Identify the function of this system. Respiratory
Exchange of oxygen and
carbon dioxide between
internal and external
environments.
white
blood cell
Produce
antibodies
and engulf
pathogens
Y
red blood cell
Carry oxygen
Z
platelet
Blood
clotting
Identify structures X, Y, and Z and their functions.
Insulin and glucagon are hormones that affect blood
sugar levels. The diagram below shows the feedback
system used by the human body to increase and
decrease blood sugar levels.
This feedback system is one way that the human body
(1) circulates gases
(3) destroys viruses
(2) maintains equilibrium (4) transports nutrients
The diagram below shows part of the human
Excretory system.
The structures shown are primarily involved in
(1) transporting blood (3) removing wastes
(2) producing sex cells (4) breaking down food
Asexually produced offspring are
genetically
(1) identical to the parent
(2) different from the parent
(3) different from each other
(4) formed by two parents
The series of diagrams below shows a single-celled
organism and its offspring that resulted from cell
division over a period of 20 hours.
If the organisms continue to reproduce asexually at
this same rate, how many organisms will there be
after 30 hours?
(1) 6
(2) 8 (3) 7
(4) 16
The diagram below shows information about the
reproduction and development of a rabbit.
Which letter in the diagram
represents fertilization?
(1)A
(2)B
(3) C
(4) D
The diagram shows four stages in the development of
a human after fertilization.
Between stages A and D, which process must occur?
(1) mutation
(3) cell division
(2) sexual reproduction
(4) extinction
Which sequence of development is correct?
(1) fertilized egg → tissues → organ systems → organs
(2) fertilized egg → organ systems → organs → tissues
(3) fertilized egg → organs → tissues → organ systems
(4) fertilized egg → tissues → organs → organ systems
Which statement describes a method of sexual
reproduction that occurs in plants?
(1) Stem cuttings are placed in water and grow
roots.
(2) Seeds are produced from the flower of the
plant.
(3) Underground stems from a plant grow into
new plants.
(4) A leaf falls to the soil, develops roots, and
grows.
The diagram below shows a cross section of a
bean seed.
The function of part X in the bean seed is to
(1) provide protection for the embryo
(2) provide nutrients for the embryo
(3) prevent mutations in the plant
(4) fight off infections in the plant.
Which process is represented by the diagram
below?
(1) asexual reproduction
(2) ecological succession
(3) photosynthesis
(4) metamorphosis
Which process involves choosing certain
organisms to reproduce with one another in
order to pass on specific, desirable traits to their
offspring?
(1) selective breeding
(2) asexual reproduction
(3) resource acquisition
(4) natural selection
A Punnett square is shown below. The dominant
trait is represented by R. The recessive trait is
represented by r.
What percentage of the offspring will most
likely show the dominant trait?
(1) 25% (2) 75% (3) 50% (4) 100%
Many cells have a nucleus that contains
chromosomes. These chromosomes carry genes that
are composed of
(1) hormones
(2) DNA molecules
(3) minerals and water
(4) undigested food molecules
The fur of the snowshoe rabbit changes to a
lighter color in the winter. This allows the rabbit
to blend in with its surroundings. This change is
an example of
(1) extinction
(2) competition
(3) biological adaptation
(4) ecological succession
Animals may fight, make threatening sounds,
and act aggressively toward members of the
same species. These behaviors usually occur as
the result of
(1) competition
(3) decomposition
(2) conservation (4) pollution
The diagram shows how modern types of flowers
developed from early types of flowers over the last
75 million years.
Which process is represented in this diagram?
(1) evolution (3) selective breeding
(2) photosynthesis (4) ecological succession
When the environment changes more
quickly than a species can adapt, the
species may become
(1)extinct
(2) diverse
(3) dominant
(4) overpopulated
The diagram below shows a cross section of a portion
of Earth’s crust that has not been overturned. Letters
A, B, C, and D represent sedimentary rock layers that
contain fossils.
Which rock layer contains the oldest fossils?
(1) A
(3) C
(2) B
(4) D
Feathers, wings, and the hollow bones of
birds are examples of
(1) adaptations for flight
(2) responses to stimuli
(3) unnecessary body parts
(4) reproductive structures
The diagram below shows a food chain.
Which organisms in this food chain are herbivores?
(1) green plants
(3) birds
(2) caterpillars
(4) snakes
Some microorganisms cause human disease.
Other microorganisms are used in making
cheese, yogurt, and bread. Based on this
information, the relationship between humans
and microorganisms can be
(1) beneficial, only
(2) harmful, only
(3) beneficial or harmful
The diagram below shows several different organisms
found in an area.
The worms in the diagram represent
(1) a community (3) a habitat
(2) an ecosystem (4) a population
Different species of carnivorous animals
that share the same habitat in an
ecosystem may
(1) become decomposers
(2) compete for food
(3) produce their own food
(4) mate with each other
What is the nutrient source for some
fungi?
(1)sunlight
(2) carbon dioxide
(3) oxygen
(4) dead organisms
In which organisms could evolution occur
most rapidly?
(1) humans
(2) birds
(3) fish
(4) bacteria
The diagram below shows how a plant community
changed over 300 years.
Which process caused the gradual changes shown in
this plant community?
(1) urban growth
(3) environmental pollution
(2) global warming (4) ecological succession
Pesticides and fertilizers can help farmers
to produce more crops. However, overuse
of these chemicals can result in
(1) ecological succession
(2) material recycling
(3) environmental pollution
(4) selective breeding
Which of the following is not an
element?
1. oxygen 2. carbon dioxide
3. hydrogen 4. nitrogen
In sweetened tea, the sugar is
called the
1. solute.
2. solvent.
3. colloid.
4. solution.
The substances in a mixture can be
separated by physical means because
1. no chemical change occurs when the
substances are combined.
2. the physical and chemical properties of
the substances change.
3. none of the properties of the
substances change.
4. the chemical, but not the physical,
properties of the substances change.
Which activity is an example of a chemical
change?
(1) dissolving table salt in water
(2) hammering aluminum into thin sheets
(3) melting gold to make jewelry
(4) burning wood to produce ashes
Identify the solid, liquid and gas! Support your answer.
Gas
- Atoms are very
loosely packed
- High energy
atoms
- No definite
shape or
volume
- Take shape of
closed
container
Solid
- Atoms are
tightly
packed
- Particles
vibrate
- Definite
shape and
volume
Liquid
- Atoms are
loosely packed
- Definite
volume
- No definite
shape
- Take the shape
of a container
Identify the phase change described.
1. Solid to liquid: melting Energy absorbed
2. Gas to liquid: condensation
Energy released
3. Liquid to solid: freezing Energy released
4. Solid to gas: sublimation Energy absorbed
5. Liquid to gas: vaporization
Energy absorbed
The elements oxygen, sulfur, selenium and tellurium are
all found in the same group (16) on the table. What do
we know about the elements in that family?
They have similar BUT NOT IDENTICAL
properties.
1. In what family is neon found? Family 18
2. What do we call those elements in that group?
Noble gases
Which device produces mechanical
energy?
1. A battery
2. A light bulb
3. A moving bicycle
4. A candle
Which resource is considered
nonrenewable?
(1) wind power
(2) moving water
(3) solar energy
(4) fossil fuels
Which form of energy are x rays and
ultraviolet light?
(1)nuclear
(2) electromagnetic
(3) heat
(4) chemical
Sound will not travel in a
(1)solid
(2) gas
(3) liquid
(4) vacuum
The picture below shows a bird landing at a bird
feeder outside a window.
The image of this bird in the window is the
result of light being
(1) absorbed
(2) transmitted
(3) reflected
(4) refracted
The diagram below shows what occurs when
a ray of light strikes and enters a pond.
Which property of light is illustrated when
the ray enters the pond?
(1) refraction
(2) absorption
(3) reflection
(4) emission
A student pushes against a tree with a
force of 10N. The tree does not move.
What is the amount of force exerted by the
tree on the student?
(1) 0 N (2) 10 N
(3) 5 N
(4) 20 N
The person using the track with the rollers
uses less energy to load the box because
the rollers reduce the
(1)mass of the box
(2) distance traveled by the box
(3) force of gravity
(4) force of friction
Which of the following statements best
describes the force of Earth’s gravity on a
rocket moving upwards?
1. The gravitational force is constant at all
altitudes.
2. The gravitational force is weaker when
the rocket is higher.
3. The gravitational force is stronger when
the rocket is higher.
4. The gravitational force is zero when the
altitude is greater than 10, 000 miles.