Quiz Chapter 14: Psychosocial Development in Early Adulthood (30 points)
Name___________________________________
MULTIPLE CHOICE: Choose the alternative that best completes the statement or
answers the question.
1.
a.
b.
c.
d.
The key to validation is
truth.
belief.
reciprocity.
knowledge.
2.
a.
Which of the following is true of cohabitation today?
Between 1990 and 2000 there was a 71% increase in the number of cohabiting
couples.
During the 1970’s there was a significant increase in the number of cohabiting
couples, but that trend has reversed itself.
To meet the strict definition of cohabitation, couples must not have children.
During the years from 1990 to 2000, couples were significantly more likely to
marry rather than cohabit.
b.
c.
d.
3.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Which of Erikson’s stages applies to the adult between the ages of 18 and 25?
identity versus identity confusion
intimacy and solidarity versus isolation
generativity versus stagnation
integrity versus despair
4.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Which of the following does not appear to be a risk factor for married couples?
high levels of drinking by one of the partners
the addition of children into the marriage
depression in the husband or wife
an unplanned pregnancy
5.
Jacob has three wives and cohabitates with each for one week at a time. This type of
marriage arrangement is called
monogamy.
polygamy.
polyandry.
group marriage.
a.
b.
c.
d.
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6.
d.
Homosexual marriages do not enjoy legal status in most parts of the world,
however, which of the following is true?
Some religions recognize homosexual unions.
Some states recognize homosexual unions.
Homosexual unions can provide individuals with an intimate and mature
relationship.
All of the above are true.
7.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Which of Levinson’s terms refers to the flow or unfolding of an individual’s life?
life cycle
life span
life course
life structure
8.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Research by Brunstein (1996) indicates that when one partner provides social
support related to the personal goals of the other partner, the result is
a building of resentment between partners.
an increase in marital conflict.
an increase in satisfaction with the relationship.
a lost sense of identity for the partner providing support.
9.
a.
b.
c.
d.
What is Levinson’s life cycle?
the repeating patterns of dependence that occur throughout a life
the general pattern of adult development
the underlying patterns of a person’s life at a given time
the years from puberty through death
10.
What were the findings of Kurdek (1998) when he compared heterosexual married
couples to homosexual couples?
Homosexual relationships are less stable than heterosexual relationships.
Homosexual and heterosexual relationships were fairly similar on all variables
measured.
Homosexual and heterosexual relationships had very little in common as based on
the variables measured in the study.
Homosexual couples tend to be more loyal and less argumentative than
heterosexual couples.
a.
b.
c.
a.
b.
c.
d.
11.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Which of Levinson’s terms refers to the times between eras, when people are in the
process of changing their life direction?
structure change
cycle
transition
individuating
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12.
a.
b.
c.
d.
According to __________________, most men experience a period of serious selfdoubt at age 30 that generally results in some major life changes.
Erikson
Gould
Bly
Levinson
13.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Erickson defines intimacy as including all of the following EXCEPT
mutuality of orgasm.
mutual trust.
mutual regulation of work.
marriage.
14.
Every time Janet and Kent have a really bad argument, Janet flees from the house
and drives to the park. She has noticed she is doing this more and more lately.
According to Erikson, where is this pattern likely to lead?
to intimacy.
to individuation.
to isolation.
to solidarity.
a.
b.
c.
d.
15.
a.
b.
c.
d.
16.
a.
b.
c.
d.
17.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Three components of __________________ are orientation, preference, and
adaptation.
sexual identity
gender role
gender-role stereotypes
androgyny
When choosing someone to date or marry, men are more influenced than are
women by
the person’s occupation.
the person’s physical appearance.
the person’s religious values.
the person’s education level.
According to the evolutionary perspective females generally take on the more
cooperative role in the male-female relationship because
it is what they are taught in childhood.
they have been rewarded throughout history for being cooperative.
of neurochemical differences.
males are more powerful physically.
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18.
a.
b.
c.
d.
19.
a.
b.
c.
d.
The recent trend of increased divorce rates can likely be attributed to all of the
following EXCEPT
the liberalization of divorce laws.
the growing social acceptance of divorce.
the earlier age of first marriages.
the reduced cost of divorce.
According to gender-role researcher Sandra Bem, typical American roles are
unhealthy, and we would be better off if we became more
egocentric.
ethnocentric.
androgynous.
empathetic.
20. In a 2001 study by Marshall and others, they noted that
a.
Children who have an extended social network do not perform any better in school
that those who do not have an extended social network.
b.
Latinos and African Americans are more likely to involve friends and neighbors in
their activities.
c.
Middle-class European Americans are more likely to have extended family
members living nearby or in the same house.
d.
Children who have an extended social network tend to be happier than those who
do not.
21.
a.
b.
c.
d.
According to research, because women have a higher concentration of
__________________ in their brain, they are more likely to seek a compromise
rather than a confrontation.
oxcytocin
progesterone
estrogen
testosterone
a.
b.
c.
d.
Both men and women are concerned about a potential partner’s values and
education, but women tend to place more emphasis on the person’s
__________________ than men.
age
appearance
occupation
ethnicity
23.
a.
b.
c.
d.
__________________ refers to the individual’s desire to be one sex or the other.
Gender-role preference
Gender-role adaptation
Gender-role identity
Androgyny
22.
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24.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Which of the following is NOT one of Sternberg’s components of love?
passion
commitment
intimacy
lust
25.
a.
b.
c.
d.
The only type of sexual activity totally approved of by American society is
heterosexual intercourse.
intercourse between husband and wife.
intercourse between consenting adults.
intercourse between individuals in a committed relationship.
26.
a.
b.
c.
d.
According to the Janus Report (1993), among divorced people, men list
__________________ as the most common cause of divorce, and women list
__________________.
sexual problems; emotional problems
sexual problems; sexual problems
emotional problems; emotional problems
emotional problems; sexual problems
27.
a.
b.
c.
d.
According to the text, which age group has sex most often?
young adults
adults over 55
middle-aged adults
teens
28.
a.
b.
c.
d.
What is androgyny?
the midpoint between two poles of masculinity and femininity
an individual’s confidence about his or her sexual identity
social judgments pertaining to masculine and feminine behavior
a functional level of gender-role identification that contains both feminine and
masculine qualities
29.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Which of the following individuals proposed that there are seven forms of love?
Fromm
Sternberg
Perry
Maslow
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30.
a.
b.
c.
d.
What has been the trend for the average age of first marriages for males and females
in the United States during the 20th century?
The average age of first marriages has been increasing steadily since the 20th
century.
The average age of first marriages dropped until the 70s, after which it began rising
again.
The average age of first marriages has been steadily decreasing since the 20th
century.
The average age of first marriage rose steadily until mid-century and has since been
declining.
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