SAMPLE OF ORGANISATIONS PARTICIPATING IN CONSOLIDATED APPEALS
AARREC
ACF
ACTED
ADRA
Africare
AMI-France
ARC
ASB
ASI
AVSI
CARE
CARITAS
CEMIR INTERNATIONAL
CESVI
CFA
CHF
CHFI
CISV
CMA
CONCERN
Concern Universal
COOPI
CORDAID
COSV
CRS
CWS
Danchurchaid
DDG
Diakonie Emergency Aid
DRC
EM-DH
FAO
FAR
FHI
Finnchurchaid
FSD
GAA
GOAL
GTZ
GVC
Handicap International
HealthNet TPO
HELP
HelpAge International
HKI
Horn Relief
HT
Humedica
IA
ILO
IMC
INTERMON
Internews
INTERSOS
IOM
IPHD
IR
IRC
IRD
IRIN
IRW
Islamic RW
JOIN
JRS
LWF
Malaria Consortium
Malteser
Mercy Corps
MDA
MDM
MEDAIR
MENTOR
MERLIN
NCA
NPA
NRC
OCHA
OHCHR
OXFAM
PA (formerly ITDG)
PACT
PAI
Plan
PMU-I
PU
RC/Germany
RCO
Samaritan's Purse
SECADEV
Solidarités
SUDO
TEARFUND
TGH
UMCOR
UNAIDS
UNDP
UNDSS
UNEP
UNESCO
UNFPA
UN-HABITAT
UNHCR
UNICEF
UNIFEM
UNJLC
UNMAS
UNOPS
UNRWA
VIS
WFP
WHO
World Concern
World Relief
WV
ZOA
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................. 1
Table I.
Table II.
Summary of Requirements (grouped by sector) ...................................................................... 3
Summary of Requirements (grouped by appealing organisation) ............................................ 4
2.
2008 IN REVIEW ............................................................................................................................................. 5
3.
THE 2009 COMMON HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN .............................................................................. 10
3.1
THE CONTEXT AND HUMANITARIAN NEEDS ANALYSIS.................................................................................... 10
3.1.A
Context ......................................................................................................................................... 10
3.1.B
Humanitarian Needs Analysis ....................................................................................................... 14
3.2
SCENARIO ............................................................................................................................................... 15
3.3
STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES FOR HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE IN 2009 ................................................................. 16
3.4
RESPONSE PLANS .................................................................................................................................... 20
3.4.A.
Food Security................................................................................................................................. 20
3.4.B
Nutrition ......................................................................................................................................... 23
3.4.C
Protection ...................................................................................................................................... 24
3.4.D
Health ............................................................................................................................................ 30
3.4.E
Water and Sanitation ..................................................................................................................... 32
3.4.F
Emergency Education.................................................................................................................... 34
3.4.G
Camp Coordination and Camp Management (CCCM) .................................................................. 36
3.4.H
Shelter ........................................................................................................................................... 37
3.4.I
Refugees ....................................................................................................................................... 39
3.4.J
Disaster Preparedness .................................................................................................................. 42
3.4.K
Coordination .................................................................................................................................. 45
4.
CRITERIA FOR SELECTION AND PRIORITISATION OF PROJECTS ....................................................... 47
5.
MONITORING PLAN .................................................................................................................................... 47
6.
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................................. 48
ANNEX I.
2008 IN REVIEW: REPORTING ON OBJECTIVES AND ACHIEVEMENT .................................. 49
ANNEX II.
LISTS OF 2009 PROJECTS ......................................................................................................... 53
PROJECTS GROUPED BY SECTOR/CLUSTER (WITH HYPERLINKS TO OPEN FULL DETAILS) ................................................ 53
PROJECTS GROUPED BY ORGANISATION .................................................................................................................. 55
SUMMARY OF REQUIREMENTS BY IASC STANDARD SECTOR ...................................................................................... 62
ANNEX III.
INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF RED CROSS AND RED
CRESCENT SOCIETIES ....... 63
ANNEX IV.
INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN FUNDING FOR NEPAL IN 2008 ........................................ 76
ANNEX V.
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS .......................................................................................... 84
Please note that appeals are revised regularly. The latest version of this document is available
on http://www.humanitarianappeal.net.
Full project details can be viewed, downloaded and printed from www.reliefweb.int/fts.
iii
iv
N E P A L
1.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The past twelve months have brought landmark political transitions in Nepal, with former Maoist
insurgents winning a decisive victory in the April 2008 elections. This paved the way for the
declaration of a Federal Democratic Republic, the formation of a new government, and the beginning
of a new mandate for peace and change. With the largely peaceful elections, conflict-induced
humanitarian needs have clearly declined. At the same time, 2008 also brought reminders of the
vulnerability of millions of food-insecure Nepalis, of Nepal’s high natural disaster risk profile, and of the
relative fragility of the gains made in the peace process to date.
In the course of the past year, an unprecedented rise in food prices seriously affected the eight million
Nepalese living below or at the poverty line, expanding the numbers requiring food assistance from
1.3 million at the beginning of the year to 2.7 million by the end. The shift in food prices poses both
challenges and opportunities for the international community, which now recognises the importance of
significantly increasing investment in agriculture alongside food assistance as a means of addressing
serious concerns related to global food security and poverty.
In 2009, the humanitarian community will continue to provide food assistance to 2.5 million persons,
including 100,000 Bhutanese refugees. Child malnutrition rates are among the worst in the world. As
a result of the increased caseload as well as higher costs for food items and their transport, the
proportion of the 2009 Appeal dedicated to food and nutrition has jumped from 38% in 2008 to 50% in
2009, precluding the possibility of an anticipated reduction in the overall Appeal amount.
In August 2008, Nepal was hit by consecutive flooding in the eastern and western regions, affecting
more than 250,000 people. Flooding in the east was a result of the Koshi River, Asia’s largest river
basin, breaking a retaining wall and washing away the villages in its course. Humanitarian needs
remain in the affected districts as an estimated 50,000 people are still displaced in camps and camplike conditions, and will require continued humanitarian support, especially shelter and livelihood, into
2009. Access to health, water, sanitation, hygiene, and education services has been considerably
damaged in the disaster-hit areas. The effort to repair the embankment and redirect the Koshi to its
original course is on-going. This joint undertaking by both India and Nepal must be completed before
the next monsoon season to prevent additional flooding.
More broadly, Nepal is a high-risk country in terms of natural disasters. Located in a seismically active
zone, it is highly prone to earthquakes and environmental hazards including annual floods causing
displacement in the lowlands. The likelihood of a major earthquake in the Kathmandu valley also
needs much greater attention as the loss of life anticipated under current conditions would be
catastrophic.
The signing of the peace agreement in 2006 may have ended hostilities, but the peace process itself
remains incomplete – hampered by a lack of infrastructure, weak institutional structures, a legacy of
discrimination, lack of progress on security sector reform, poor economic performance, geographic
isolation and harsh climatic conditions. The conflict’s residual impact has weakened social safety
nets, causing a lack of basic services. Communities with a meagre resource base and marginalised
populations are pushed beyond emergency thresholds and need life-saving humanitarian assistance
in response to external shocks. Protection continues to be a concern, especially in the Terai, where
the presence of armed groups has resulted in rising lawlessness and limited the reach of the State as
well as operational space for aid workers. 2009 will see a number of highly politically-charged issues
under debate – such as the future of the Maoist army combatants still in cantonments and the
contours of future states under a federal structure – which will undoubtedly raise tensions and
potential conflict.
The Nepal Humanitarian Transition Appeal for 2009 focuses first on urgent, on-going support needed
within the next twelve months to save lives and protect the vulnerable. The caseload includes the
chronically food-insecure, refugees on Nepali soil and the legacy of the 2008 flood season. Second,
the Appeal for 2009 seeks support for specific measures to be taken by humanitarian actors to reduce
the size of the 2009 caseload through preparedness actions in relation to natural disasters and
protection measures in relation to the actual or potential conflict-related caseload. Third, given the
need to start drawing down the size of the international humanitarian engagement in Nepal, the 2009
Appeal introduces an ‘exit strategy’ for humanitarian actors, targeting ‘transition’ not only from war to
peace but from international to local actors.
1
N E P A L
For 2009, the UN and its partners are appealing for US$1 115 million to meet urgent needs in Nepal.
The Nepal Humanitarian Transition Appeal includes 69 projects submitted by 18 international NGOs,
seven national NGOs and 10 UN agencies and affiliated organisations. While the total Appeal amount
remains more or less the same as the 2008 Appeal ($106 million, plus the $15.5 million Supplement
for Koshi Floods), several sectors have been reduced. The amount requested for refugee assistance
has decreased by 13%, and protection by 21%. New sectors/clusters have been added, largely as a
result of the Koshi floods; this includes Water and Sanitation, Emergency Education, and Camp
Coordination and Camp Management. Increased food and fuel prices and the significant increase in
the caseload for food assistance, however, have increased the absolute and relative amounts for this
sector. Approximately 20% of the Appeal has also been earmarked for emergency preparedness
measures in order to reduce the caseload in 2009 and beyond.
Some basic facts about Nepal
Population (est.) 2008
Under-five mortality
Life expectancy
Global acute malnutrition (wasting)
Gross national income per capita

Percentage of population living on less than
$1 per day
 Proportion of population without sustainable
access to an improved drinking water
source
 IDPs (number and% of population)
 Refugees in-country


ECHO Vulnerability and Crisis Index score
(V/C)
2007 UNDP Human Development Index
score
Also:



Most recent data
27.1 million (HDR 2007-08)
61 p/1,000 (DHS 2006)
60 years (DHS 2006)
13% (DHS 2006)
$290 (World Development
Database Indicators )
24.1% (UNDP HDR 2007)
Previously
26.4 million (Central
Bureau of Statistics,
Nepal)
91 p/1,000 (DHS, 2001)
11% (DHS 2001)
51.7% (UNICEF 2006)
50,000 – 70,000 (0.2%)
130,000 (Bhutanese and
Tibetan refugees)
2/3 (severe rank)
0.534: 142nd out of 177
countries (medium – lowest
HDI in continental Asia)
Gini co-efficient of income inequality – 0.41 (highest in Asia and most negative change of all ADB
countries in the period between 1990 and 2000)
6.4 million people food-insecure/sensitive to price shocks
Stateless population – 800,000
All dollar signs in this document denote United States dollars. Funding for this appeal should be reported to the Financial Tracking
Service (FTS, fts@reliefweb.int), which will display its requirements and funding on the CAP 2009 page.
1
2
N E P A L
Table I. Summary of Requirements (grouped by sector)
Table I: Nepal Humanitarian Transition Appeal 2009
Summary of Requirements (grouped by sector)
as of 13 January 2009
http://www.reliefweb.int/fts
Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by the respective appealing organisation.
Original Requirements
Sector
(US$)
Camp Coordination and Camp Management
851,000
Coordination
1,915,000
Disaster Preparedness
5,581,600
Emergency Education
617,000
Food Security
54,621,000
Health
5,719,706
Nutrition
3,324,223
Protection
11,025,678
Refugees (Multi-sector)
25,072,100
Shelter
4,280,000
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene
2,014,275
Grand Total
115,021,582
The list of projects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snapshot as of
13 January 2009. For continuously updated information on projects, funding requirements, and contributions to
date, visit the Financial Tracking Service (www.reliefweb.int/fts).
3
N E P A L
Table II. Summary of Requirements (grouped by appealing organisation)
Table II: Nepal Humanitarian Transition Appeal 2009
Summary of Requirements (grouped by appealing organisation)
as of 13 January 2009
http://www.reliefweb.int/fts
Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by the respective appealing organisation.
Original Requirements
Appealing Organisation
(US$)
ACF
1,228,237
ADRA Nepal
150,000
CARE Nepal
670,000
CECI
350,000
CW
208,693
DEPROSC-Nepal
427,875
DP-Net
326,600
FAO
4,200,000
HFHI
2,560,000
HI
720,148
HimRights
449,490
IOM
851,000
IRC
1,735,000
IRD
745,000
LWF Nepal
256,000
Mercy Corps
100,000
MERLIN
590,000
NCBL
226,208
NRC
712,500
OCHA
1,915,000
OHCHR
137,050
OXFAM
240,000
Partnership Nepal
120,000
PPCC
309,101
SAPPROS-Nepal
181,900
SC
2,680,508
SCG
340,000
TPO
557,315
UNDP
3,470,000
UNFPA
2,137,000
UN-HABITAT
1,720,000
UNHCR
9,564,100
UNICEF
7,191,193
WE
536,614
WFP
65,473,000
WHO
1,942,050
Grand Total
115,021,582
The list of projects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snapshot as of
13 January 2009. For continuously updated information on projects, funding requirements, and contributions to
date, visit the Financial Tracking Service (www.reliefweb.int/fts).
4
N E P A L
2.
2008 IN REVIEW
2008 was a historic year for Nepal, with landmark political achievements. The Constituent Assembly
elections, after being twice postponed in 2007, finally took place in April 2008. International observers
deemed the elections to be largely successful and credible. In August, the leader of the Communist
Party of Nepal – Maoist (CPN/M), Pushpa Kamal Dahal “Prachanda”, was sworn in as the first Prime
Minister of the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal. Also, for the first time in the history of the
country, President and Vice President were elected. The new Government has had to face challenges
of composing a new budget in the face of the global food and fuel crisis, elaborating a new Federal
Constitution, the integration issues of armies, and floods.
Political developments have yet to bring marked social and economic change, although there have
been improvements in the security situation in many parts of the country. Humanitarian needs remain,
with high malnutrition rates exacerbated by the food crisis. The humanitarian situation was further
compounded by floods and landslides in two regions of the country – eastern and mid-western region,
which in total affected an estimated 250,000 people’s lives and livelihoods.
Floods in the eastern region continue to be a major challenge. The floods highlight the importance of
early warning and disaster risk mitigation and preparedness initiatives as well as strengthened incountry emergency response capacity.
In late 2007, to address key vulnerabilities of population affected by conflict and natural disasters, the
Nepal Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) had elaborated a ‘Common Appeal for Transition
Support’ with the following strategic priorities:



Improve monitoring and response to needs and protection concerns of the people affected by
conflict, internal disturbances and natural disasters;
Provide timely and effective humanitarian services for the most vulnerable population – where
possible, linked to longer-term initiatives;
Ensure complementarity and coherence between humanitarian assistance and existing
development and peace-building efforts.
In 2008, total Appeal requirements were $121.9 million (including the original Transition Appeal
amount of $104.5 million, adjusted at mid-year to $106.4 million plus the supplementary Flood
Response Plan for $15.5 million). Against these appeals, $87.1 million were received. Overall
funding reached 72%.
Major floods and landslides increased humanitarian needs in 2008, with 70,000 affected by the Koshi
River floods in August in the eastern region and as many as 180,000 affected in the western region in
September. In September, the IASC Nepal issued a Floods Response Plan for $15.5 million, as a
supplement to the 2008 Appeal.
In 2008, the Koshi River, one of the largest river basins in Asia, breached its eastern embankment on
18 August, inundating four Village Development Committees (VDCs) in the district of Sunsari
(Shreeharipur, Shreepurjavdi, Kusahapaschim, and Lokahi). The disaster also led to extensive
flooding and the displacement of several million people south of the Indian border in Bihar. The force
of the water subsequently led to 90% of the river changing its course, rendering parts of the flooded
areas completely inaccessible.
The flooding severely impacted upon an already vulnerable population. The Government has
estimated that between 40,000 and 50,000 people were displaced in the flood-affected areas, moving
also into neighbouring VDCs in both Sunsari and Saptari districts. The total number affected and
displaced by the floods has been difficult to verify, as (a) population movement has been quite fluid;
(b) more than 15,000 Indians from Bihar crossed the border to the nearest high ground; (c) information
on the original population of the flood-affected VDCs is outdated; and (d) many displaced are staying
with host families rather than recognised shelter sites.
The Government decision to declare a State of Emergency in the affected region on 4 September,
significant delays in the registration process, and the ongoing plan to identify alternative resettlement
sites has led to new challenges for the response operation.
5
N E P A L
Though major donors have had a consistent approach in funding the humanitarian appeals for Nepal
since 2005-06, some donors have reduced their contributions to the appeal in 2008. In addition to
bilateral donors, the Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF) has been a significant funding
instrument for 2008, with four allocations totalling $12.6 million. In March 2008, Nepal received
$6 million from the under-funded emergencies window against the 2008 Appeal. In October 2008,
under the rapid response window, Nepal received $2.6 million to assist populations affected by the
Koshi River floods in the eastern region of Nepal. Also in October 2008, Nepal received $1 million to
provide food assistance in response to floods in three districts in western Nepal. In November, CERF
responded positively to Nepal’s request for $3 million to respond to needs emerging from soaring food
prices to increase food security and respond to malnutrition. The United States Agency for
International Development/Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance (USAID/OFDA) and the
European Commission Humanitarian Aid department (ECHO) have also funded the government of
Nepal (GoN), the International Red Cross and Red Crescent movement and other international
organisations to implement projects of humanitarian nature, the total for which runs more than
$5.3 million.
On 29 August, the International Federation of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC)
launched a preliminary emergency appeal, followed by a full emergency appeal on 20 October,
seeking $2.3 million in cash, in-kind and services to support the Nepal Red Cross Society (NRCS) to
assist 20,000 affected families with relief and early recovery activities for one year. Proposed
operations include: non-food relief materials to 12,000 displaced families and emergency shelter to
7,000 families affected by the Koshi (eastern region) floods; and non-food relief items to an additional
8,000 families in mid-west Nepal. The IFRC emergency Appeal is currently 90% funded. Response
agencies have received an additional $11.5 million outside of the floods appeal.
The Nepal IASC, the primary humanitarian strategy setting and decision-making body, has been
operational since April 2006. The Nepal IASC supports the Humanitarian Coordinator (HC) in
developing a coherent picture of needs and gaps, as well as streamlining humanitarian coordination in
Nepal. In line with the Humanitarian Reform, and to strengthen inter-agency preparedness, the HC
proposed that the IASC formalise the cluster approach in Nepal on 9 September, for ongoing activities
as well as for contingency planning purposes. On 2 October, the Emergency Relief Coordinator
(ERC) informed that the IASC Principals and Global cluster leads had no objections to the
arrangements proposed by the HC, which are as follows:
Cluster
Cluster Lead
ONGOING HUMANITARIAN OPERATION
Health
WHO
Nutrition
UNICEF
Water, Sanitation & Hygiene
UNICEF
Food
WFP
Education in Emergencies
UNICEF/Save the Children
Protection
OHCHR
Camp Coordination and Camp Management (natural disasters)
IOM
ADDITIONAL CLUSTERS TO BE ESTABLISHED IN THE CASE OF MAJOR NEW EMERGENCIES
(NATURAL DISASTERS)
Emergency Telecommunications
WFP
Logistics
WFP
The IFRC has indicated its willingness to convene the Emergency Shelter cluster in times of major
natural disasters. On-going arrangements for this cluster are yet to be finalised, however, and options
are currently under review. The IFRC convened the Emergency Shelter response to the Koshi flood
disaster, and has coordinated the IASC contingency planning exercise for the Emergency Shelter
cluster.
6
N E P A L
Selected sector achievements in 2008 are highlighted below. (Note – additional 2008 achievements per
sector are presented in Annex I.)
Objectives for 2008
Emergency Food Security
 Improve short-term food security
among vulnerable, food-insecure
populations in areas highly
impacted by conflict and
particularly those communities also
affected by natural disasters
(drought, flooding) and/or
communal violence.
Nutrition
Improve the nutritional status of
individuals suffering from acute
malnutrition, especially of children in
conflict affected areas.
Evaluation






Protection
Strengthen the capabilities of all
national actors to deliver protection and
design services in a gender-sensitive
manner in times of emergencies.
Strengthen and expand existing
monitoring and reporting mechanisms
as per United Nations Security Council
Resolution (UNSCR) 1612.
Prevent and address Gender-Based
Violence, by implementing IASC GBV
guidelines and recommendations of
UNSCR 1325.
Internally Displaced Persons
Ensure effective monitoring and
response to protection concerns of
IDPs and returnees.




More than 725,600 people affected by the soaring food prices
and already vulnerable from the residual impact of the conflict
received rice, pulses, vegetable oil, salt, pulses, and wheat-soya
blend;
Koshi flood victims received three months of emergency food
assistance, as well as support for their livestock, including
veterinarian inputs and fodder;
44,000 households in the food-insecure western regions received
cereal and vegetable seeds and technical assistance.
Community-based Management of Acute Malnutrition
implemented in Mugu District;
Baseline anthropometric surveys were conducted in Bardiya,
Accham, Mugu and Kanchanpur Districts;
Supplementary feeding was timely and appropriately
implemented for children under five and pregnant and lactating
women affected by the Koshi floods.
Protection training conducted for security forces involved in the
protection of internally displaced persons (IDP) camps (flood
victims in the Eastern Region);
Two Women Development Officers were trained to complete a
rapid needs assessment on gender-based violence (GBV) and to
support GBV prevention and referral services to flood-affected
populations;
The 1612 Taskforce monitors the six child rights violations under
the Security Council Resolution 1612, and has developed a new
framework which will monitor additional violations, such as the
illegal detention of children;
Police training on gender mainstreaming in relief operations was
conducted, including sessions on sexual exploitation and abuse.

Dissemination of National IDP Policy through print and electronic
media.
The IDP Directives remain unapproved by the
government. Advocacy on their approval is ongoing;
 Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC) Information, Counselling and
Legal Assistance (ICLA) project advocates for IDP durable
solutions at field level, often providing practical assistance for
durable solutions to be achieved.
Children Affected by Armed Conflict (CAAC)
Facilitate durable community
 More than 6,000 children and young people formerly associated
reintegration of released children and
with the armed forces and armed groups were supported through
children affected by the conflict through
community-based reintegration programmes;
an integrated approach that will benefit
 Community-based reintegration, advocacy/ awareness raising
other at-risk children.
and psychosocial social support in 58 districts provided by the
International Rescue Committee (IRC), World Education, Save
the Children Alliance, Search For Common Ground and the
Trans-cultural Psychosocial Organisation (TPO).
Mine Action
Enhance Government, UN, and NGO
 Twelve thousand hazard signs provided to the Nepal Army for
capacity to meet emergency risk
the marking of minefields and improvised explosive device (IED)
reduction needs in an appropriate,
fields;
effective and timely manner.
 The national emergency mine risk education network composed
of 409 Governmental, Red Cross and NGO focal points has the
capacity to deploy prevention activities in 68 affected districts in a
timely manner;
 Four radio spots - in Nepali and other local languages - were
aired through 35 national and local FM stations.
7
N E P A L
Objectives for 2008
Evaluation
Emergency Health Preparedness and Response
Procurement and distribution of drugs  Emergency medicine distributed to vulnerable populations – four
and equipment for pre-positioning.
sets of Inter-Agency Emergency Health Kits (IEHK). Each set
can treat 10,000 people for three months;
 2,000 triage tags distributed in regional and district hospitals.
 Diarrhoeal and malaria kits provided to the Epidemiology and
Disease Control Division/Department of Health Services
(EDCD/DHS);
 Medical support to the Ministry of Health and Population (MoHP)
during Koshi and Mid/Far Western floods, including reproductive
health services in camps for IDPs;
 Essential medicines to EDCD for flood/outbreak response;
 More than 80% of children under-five years have received
vitamin A supplements and de-worming medicines;
 Procured and distributed reproductive health kits, including for
60,000 flood-affected people in Saptari, Sunsari, Kailali and
Kanchanpur;
 Surgical interventions held for 530 patients suffering from
debilitating conditions (mainly uterine prolapse);
 Provision of essential medical equipments and supplies for 12
remote health facilities.
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH)
Under the Supplement: Floods
Flood response in Sunsari/Saptari
Humanitarian Response Plan 2008
 Over 1,350 latrines, 350 bathing spaces, 550 handpumps, and
 Minimise the risk of outbreak of
400 garbage containers installed to date;
sanitation and water-related
 Distribution of buckets, water purification products, hygiene kits
disease, particularly diarrhoea and
and replenishment of consumable items to nearly 10,000
cholera, among the flood-affected
families and items replenished;
population.
 Public health/hygiene promotion conducted in all camps;
 Cleaning and regular collection of solid waste from all camps
and cleaning of toilet septic tanks and leach pits;
 Water in tube wells tested once;
 No major outbreak of diarrhoea and cholera occurred.
Camp Coordination and Camp Management (CCCM)
Support to GoN:
 Technical reviews of current and
 Supported the GoN to establish and plan three formal sites
planned displacement sites and
which adhere to minimal international standards;
advice to site managers on site
 Development of a stabilisation strategy with the support of the
selection, camp governance,
GoN and concerned stakeholders to ensure the efficient
distribution procedures, camp
targeting of limited humanitarian resources and to ensure short
closure, return and resettlement,
to long term planning, ensured that needs of beneficiaries are
and other issues.
addressed in their immediate environments to early recovery;
 Mapping tools created to demonstrate actual sites, areas of
displacement as well as gaps in service delivery;
 Establishment of Camp Management Committees in all 26
formal sites.
Refugees
Seek durable solutions, notably through  As of 25 October 2008, UNHCR has referred over 27,000
large scale resettlement, for over
refugee individuals for third country resettlement (out of over
108,000 Bhutanese refugees living in
57,000 formal declaration of interest received) of which over
camps in eastern Nepal and continue to
5,900 individuals have physically left Nepal for resettlement;
ensure their legal and physical

Refugee families in camps received culturally accepted
protection while they remain in camps.
balanced food (2,100 kcal person/day);

100% refugee population in camps had access to free health
care services; 100% of refugee children had access to free
education in camps up to class 10.
8
N E P A L
Objectives for 2008
Evaluation
Natural Disaster Preparedness and Response
Promote community-based disaster
 NRCS and I/NGOs such as Oxfam, Action Aid, Save the
preparedness and response in areas
Children, World Vision, Caritas and others implemented disaster
and among social groups most
preparedness and response activities through community
vulnerable to natural disasters, with
programmes outside the appeal. More than 1,000 communityemphasis on developing roles for
based disaster preparedness and response committees have
positive action by women, Dalits, and
been formed across the country;
other marginalised groups.
Practical Action and Mercy Corps have been establishing community
level early warning system for natural disasters. Practical Action has
installed flood warning systems in Nawalparasi, Banke and Bardiya
districts whereas Mercy Corps is working to establish a system in
Kailali district.
* Cluster formalised after the floods in August 2008.
Establish a system of surveillance and
information giving early warning of
natural hazards.
Though there have been significant achievements in 2008, lack of funding hindered implementation of
some key objectives. In some cases, lack of technical expertise available in country hindered
achieving key results. Due to the combination of these factors, the Community-Based Management of
Acute Malnutrition programme is still in the start-up phase, with implementation only in Mugu district.
In the Water and Sanitation cluster response, it was evident that without the commitment of
government and humanitarian agencies to release their staff for disaster response, training of
practitioners has minimal impact. Only two among the 30 people trained were involved in the Sunsari
flood response.
A review of activities in 2008 shows that the humanitarian community has largely been event-driven.
With increasing trends of disasters hitting the country, time has now come to shift from response to
prevention and addressing structural challenges – most importantly preparedness and capacitybuilding actors of national organisations, especially in view of some humanitarian organisations
already planning to exit the country. Funding also needs to be consistent, as much of the proposed
‘preparedness’ activities cannot be implemented in its absence.
9
N E P A L
3.
THE 2009 COMMON HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN
3.1
THE CONTEXT AND HUMANITARIAN NEEDS ANALYSIS
3.1.A Context
Despite significant gains in political transition, the problems facing Nepal are multi-dimensional:
Humanitarian needs in Nepal are the result of the 10-year armed conflict, which are further
compounded by weak State institutional structures, insecurities, a cultural legacy of discrimination,
difficult terrain and most importantly, natural disasters. This year alone, flooding and landslides have
affected an estimated 250,000 people in both the eastern and far-western regions of the country. In
the eastern region, in August, more than 70,000 people were displaced when the largest river in the
country broke through one of its retaining walls and flooded villages that were in its course. In
September, flash floods in western Nepal2, affected an estimated 180,000 people and their livelihoods.
Located in a seismically active zone, earthquakes are also a major risk. An earthquake of magnitude
7.5 Richter scale would result in the deaths of 40,000 people in the Kathmandu valley (capital city)
alone.
In addition to chronic vulnerabilities, there are external shocks like commodity price increases that are
expected to affect the food security of 6.4 million Nepali people this year. Global acute malnutrition
(GAM) is 13%, a disturbing statistic as this is the only indicator that has worsened over the last seven
years.3 Security and protection concerns prevail, predominantly in the Terai (southern region) of the
country, where the armed groups who are continuing to carry out abductions, killings and plant
improvised explosive devices are yet to enter into talks with the current government. In addition to the
residual caseload of conflict-induced IDPs, there are now a large number of disaster-induced IDPs,
most of whom are in camps and camp-like settlements, and will need continued support in 2009.
Third-country settlement for Bhutanese refugees started in 2008. However, there are still more than
100,000 Bhutanese refugees who will depend on international aid in 2009. Nepal also hosts 800,000
stateless people.
Humanitarian concerns in Nepal are further exacerbated by deep-rooted social cleavages and
discrimination in terms of caste, ethnicity, gender, culture and religion, which provide fertile ground for
potential future conflicts.4 Women and girls in Nepal constitute the largest disadvantaged group. Only
33.8% of 15+ females were literate in 2003/04 compared to 64.5% of 15+ males.5 Women own only
6% of houses and 7% of livestock. In 2006, just 19% of women had skilled birth attendance when
giving birth6. However, because of migration of male members of the family, women invariably have to
run households, especially in the remote mid- and far-western hills, and are particularly vulnerable and
hard hit during seasonal disasters.
Politics/Peace Process
On 18 August, Pushpa Kamal Dahal ‘Prachanda’ was sworn in as the Prime Minister of the Federal
Democratic Republic of Nepal. The first-ever President and Vice President were sworn in before him.
Though the formation of the coalition government was a landmark achievement in the history of Nepal,
there are major challenges ahead for the successful conclusion of the peace process. Sustaining
peace requires the broadest possible consensus on a new federal Constitution, as well as efforts to
heal the wounds of the conflict – to clarify the fate of those disappeared, to compensate victims, to
enable the return of displaced persons, acknowledgement of past human rights violations and to end
impunity.
The security sector remains a critical challenge. The continuing existence of two standing armies on
Nepali soil is inherently unsustainable and will need resolution soon. Beyond the security sector, other
pressing challenges need to be addressed. Law and order is in tatters, particularly in some Terai
districts, and the culture of impunity remains intact. There has been no progress on the twin questions
of returning land seized during the conflict and establishing a committee to plan promised land
reforms. Securing the peace will require serious attention to measures at the district and village level,
UN Nepal Information Platform, “Mid/Far-Western Floods 2008”, URL: http://www.un.org.np/floods/floods-west.php
The 2001 DHS estimated the GAM at 11%.
4 NHDR, 2004
5 CBS (2004a)
6 Ministry of Health and Population (MoHP) [Nepal], New ERA, and Macro International Inc. 2007 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey
2006. Kathmandu, Nepal: Ministry of Health and Population, New ERA, and Macro International Inc.
2
3
10
N E P A L
but so far there has not even been consensus on re-establishing the rudiments of local government.7
There is a real risk that the challenges ahead in Nepal’s peace process portend some ongoing
instability. The humanitarian community needs to continue to monitor developments and operational
space.
Reach of State
Local district, village and municipal-level elected officials’ terms of office expired in 2002 and are still to
be formally renewed. As interim arrangements, VDC Secretaries have been filling the gap, the
presence and performance of whom were significantly affected during the ten-year (1996-2006) armed
conflict. Even with the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) of November 2006 and the positive
progress in the peace process, only 45% of the VDC Secretaries are consistently present at their duty
station, with another 40% present part of the time8. That leaves about 15% of VDCs without any
senior government representation. Particular challenges are faced in the Terai due to the proliferation
of armed groups and their anti-government, anti-hill people rhetoric and criminal activities. VDC
secretaries and other government officials face extortion and threats and several have been killed,
since the signing of the CPA.
Political interference in the work of the police and the conduct of parallel ‘law enforcement’ activities by
youth wings affiliated to political groups, particularly the CPN (Maoist) affiliated Young Communist
League and UML-affiliated Youth Force, constitute another threat to the rule of law, and has been
undermining the legitimacy and credibility of State institutions. There has been considerable
competition between party cadres over control of local development budgets and district level tender
processes for State-funded programmes. There have been several clashes between cadres of the
youth wings, and these could escalate, hampering operational space if effective local authorities are
not soon in place.
Delivery of basic services has been hampered due to weak state presence and numerous bandhs9
and blockades in early 2008, negatively impacting humanitarian indicators.
See the International Crisis Group reports, “Nepal’s New Political Landscape” and “Nepal’s Election: A Peaceful Revolution?”, July 2008.
www.crisisgroup.org.
8 OCHA survey, mid-2008.
9 Bandhs are a type of general strike called by a specific group and imposed on the larger population. Bandhs vary greatly and often
disrupt NGO vehicle movements and on occasion make it necessary to close the office for the day.
7
11
N E P A L
Security
The security situation remains fragile. The most serious consequence of the security vacuum and
limited presence of the state is reflected in the Terai, where several armed groups have created a
climate of fear and intimidation. While targets of killings by armed groups in mid-2006 were almost
exclusively related to conflicts between Janatantrik Terai Mukti Morcha (JTMM) and the CPN/M in the
Eastern Region, the armed groups and their activities proliferated especially after the Madheshi
agitation in early 2007, expanding also to the Central Terai. 10 In early October, the government
established a team to facilitate talks and invited a number of armed groups to engage in dialogue, to
which a few did respond. However, dates and agendas for the talks are yet to be determined.
The Maoist army is about 19,000 strong and have been housed in cantonments since 2007. The
future of these ex-combatants remains to be agreed-upon by the parties to the CPA. In his report to
the UN Security Council in May, the Secretary General suggested that these issues now need to be
addressed without delay and warned that a prolonged restriction of armed and trained persons without
a long-term solution could not be a sustainable situation. 11
The Nepal Police have yet to re-establish their civil protection presence and are often unable to
prevent violence by armed groups or protesters. When the Nepal Police do act there have been
instances of an inappropriate use of lethal force. The result is that the public feels insecure and is not
confident that it will be protected by the rule of law. 12
Operational Space
Humanitarian and development programmes face a variety of security challenges that make
programme implementation in several areas difficult. Challenges have included threats to staff,
demands for ‘donations,’ pressure to register with groups operating parallel government institutions,
interference in hiring and tendering processes, and bandhs. Armed groups in the Terai and affiliates
of the CPN-M are the most common perpetrators. A May 2008 press statement from a Terai armed
group called on “international project staff” to leave the Terai. During the first half of 2008, the
OHCHR, 2007.
Report of the Secretary-General on the request of Nepal for United Nations assistance in support of its peace process, S/2008/313, 12
May 2008.
12 ibid.
10
11
12
N E P A L
majority of incidents occurred in the Eastern and Central Terai and the lower hills of Mid Western
Region. In June and July 2008, IEDs were thrown into the office compounds of a UN agency and
INGO located in the central and eastern Terai. Since early 2007, more than a dozen international
agencies and local NGOs have relocated their staff or restructured programmes away from the
southern VDCs of Terai districts due to insecurity.
Inconclusive dialogue between the government and armed groups and the incomplete participation of
all armed groups in current talks remains a concern for operational space in 2009. In addition, Janjati
groups in the eastern hills and western Terai have indicated possible initiatives that could indirectly
interfere with humanitarian and development operations in 2009.
In order to advocate for unhindered operational space, the UN, donors and I/NGOs follow the Basic
Operating Guidelines (BOGs) – a joint set of measurable working principles based on established and
accepted humanitarian principles and international legal standards. Even though the BOGs have
been accepted in principle by the CPN-Maoist and the government, violations continue, especially with
the emergence of armed groups since 2007. In the first 10 months of 2008, there were 154 reported
violations of the BOGs that disrupted humanitarian and development programming.
Chronic poverty
Nepal has some of the worst human development indicators in the world, including child malnutrition
and access to health services. This raises a number of particular challenges for humanitarian actors
blurring the lines between humanitarian and development agendas. Linkages need to be intensified
between humanitarian vulnerability assessment and the strategic direction of development activities,
aimed at poverty reduction and the attainment of the Millennium Development Goals. These
challenges highlight areas where humanitarian strategies may have success where other programmes
have faced obstacles. There is a need for immediate service delivery to save lives, at the same time
addressing the chronic nature of the cause of these needs.
Economy
The priorities of the government focus on reviving the economy and infrastructure development. The
government has declared the upcoming decade as the ‘Decade of Economic Development’. To this
end, major emphasis is laid on hydropower development; resource mobilisation through public-private
partnership and cooperative model at the village level.
The emphasis of the government’s budget for the fiscal year 2008-09, released on 17 September, are
to tackle unemployment, agriculture stagnation, inadequate infrastructure, poor quality of services and
lack of implementation of peace agreements. The budget has been increased by 40% to NPR 236
billion (Nepali rupees, equivalent $3.2 billion). There is a budget deficit of 47 billion rupees ($0.6
billion) which equals 19% of the total budget. The budget assumes an increase of revenues by 32%,
a doubling of overseas development assistance (from NPR 23 billion ($295 million) in 2007-08 to NPR
47 billion ($603 million) in 2008-09) and a four-fold increase in bilateral external borrowing. For this,
there needs to be sustained and predictable donor support.
The inflation rate is estimated at 8.9% in mid-2008. Food and beverage prices have risen 12.6% in
recent months compared to a rise of 7.9% in 2007. The price indices of cooking oil and ghee have
increased by 33.8% on a year-on-year basis. Grains and cereal products increased 19.7% year-onyear. Prices of rice and rice products increased by 25%.13 The global financial crisis and food crises
are likely to have a severe impact on an aid dependent country like Nepal.
Disaster Risk
Nepal is located in one of the world's most seismically active zones. Kathmandu is ranked first in
earthquake risk amongst all cities in the world – 200 times higher than Kobe in Japan. Statistically,
Nepal can expect one earthquake of magnitude of 8+ in Richter scale every eighty years. The last
great earthquake to strike Nepal was in 1934 which had a magnitude of 8.3 Richter. A 2002 study
estimates that a 7.5 magnitude earthquake in Kathmandu would cause 40,000 casualties and 80% of
all hospitals would be destroyed. Since then, the population in Nepal has increased dramatically;
urban development and construction practices have deteriorated.
13
Market and Price Impact Assessment, WFP and NDRI, Final Report, July 2008.
13
N E P A L
3.1.B Humanitarian Needs Analysis
In the first half of 2008, OCHA Nepal led the process of preparing a comprehensive Needs Analysis
Framework (NAF), on the basis of the IASC globally-endorsed model, aimed at serving as an
analytical basis for the humanitarian action plan in Nepal and a reference for planning humanitarian
appeals. Key findings are summarised here.
Nepal has been a partner country for development assistance for six decades, and has received
considerable aid from foreign countries. However, the decade-long conflict significantly affected
economic and social progress, causing large-scale humanitarian need. At present, Nepal finds itself in
a transition phase from conflict to peace, from autocratic leadership to participatory democracy, from
economic stagnation to sustainable and pro-poor growth, which will enable the government to take a
much more proactive role in protecting its citizens from rights violations, deprivation, exclusion,
poverty and discrimination. Following a series of inter-agency consultations, humanitarian need and
action largely emerges along three inter-related axes:
1. Humanitarian need where indicators in health, water and sanitation, nutrition, protection, and
education have crossed emergency thresholds









13% of all children nationwide are acutely malnourished;
An estimated 28,000 children die each year form diarrhoeal illnesses;
55% to 85% of drinking water sources are micro-biologically contaminated;
2.5 million people are in immediate need of food assistance and an additional 4.4 million are at
risk of becoming food-insecure due to rising food prices;
The price of coarse rice and cooking oil increased by 23% to 30% between January and May
2008;
Floods and landslides are an annual occurrence; 70,000 families in 47 districts were affected in
2007. More than 40,000 families were affected in 2008. An estimated 40,000 persons affected
by the Koshi flood disaster will need continued assistance in 2009;
An estimated 50-70,000 IDPs remain displaced from the conflict, and returnees face protection
issues;
There are still more than 100,000 refugees in seven camps awaiting a durable solution since
1992;
There were 124 reported violations of the BOGs in the first half of 2008.
These chronic and recurrent humanitarian needs call for urgent humanitarian action in order to
address the existing caseload.
2. Acute vulnerability to shocks such as natural disasters, communal violence or conflict due
to chronic poverty, poor infrastructure, weak government institutions, entrenched
discrimination and social exclusion












The population growth rate is 2.25% and the urban growth rate is 6.1%;
71% of water points surveyed are not functioning or require major repair or rehabilitation;
Four million people live in ad hoc settlements;
Only 36.6% of the population live in permanent houses and 41% of households reported
inadequate housing;
28% of the population lives more than a 30 minute walk from a health centre;
80% of top posts in the civil service are held by three social/ethnic groups representing only
37% of the population;
8% of total officer level post in the civil service are held by women (Ministry of Women and
Social Welfare, 2008);
District to district, 50 to 150 school days out of 220 were missed due to protests, strikes and
government closures during the 2006/7 school year;
Earthquake risk is omnipresent. A 7.5 magnitude earthquake in Kathmandu would cause an
estimated 40,000 casualties and an estimated 80% of all hospitals would be destroyed;
Public security is lacking in many parts of the country with 190 abductions during the first six
months of 2008;
11,000 children are associated with armed groups and the prevailing dynamics bear new risks
for children, including displacement, and trafficking;
District-level government staff operate in a difficult security and political environment;
14
N E P A L

International agencies and local NGOs have adjusted programmes in Eastern and Central Terai
districts, due to insecurity;
Terai armed groups have demanded that I/NGOs and aid agencies leave the Terai.

These risk factors require urgent preparedness and risk reduction activities aimed at reducing
the future humanitarian caseload.
3. Lack of progress against key benchmarks where insecurity and political dynamics have
made access and delivery by government and development actors difficult



31% of the population and 47% of Dalits are below the poverty line;
Under-five mortality is 61/1000 and the maternal mortality rate is 281/100,000;
81% of births are delivered at home without skilled assistance compared to the Millennium
Development Goals (MDG) target of 40%;
50% of children are stunted compared to an MDG target of 30%;
62% of heads of households have no primary school education;
The net enrolment rate for primary education is just under 90% compared to the MDG target of
100% in 2015;
The net enrolment rate for primary education for females is 74% (Human Development Report
(HDR), UNDP, 2007/08);
Household income spent on food is 59% nationally and 73% for the poorest quintile;
Since 2002, an absence of elected district and VDC bodies meant to provide and oversee
government services;
Percentage of women in total economically active population - 48.1% in agriculture and 34.4%
in non-agriculture (UNFPA, 2007).







These areas reach into the longer-term development agenda. Linkages need to be intensified
between humanitarian vulnerability assessment and the strategic direction of development activities,
aimed at poverty reduction and the attainment of the MDGs. These challenges highlight areas where
humanitarian strategies may have success where other programmes have faced obstacles.
Humanitarian strategies are often well adapted to insecure environments such as those still found in
many parts of Nepal. Most importantly, skills and means need to be transferred to the GoN to have
ownership and to address these long term issues effectively and comprehensively.
At a general level the international humanitarian community has begun to plan an exit strategy.
Already a reduced investment in direct humanitarian action has been seen by key humanitarian
players, as expectations rise that development programmes can now be implemented throughout the
country. Nepal is in a transitional phase from humanitarian to developmental mechanisms. However,
the present transition and the government’s limited coordination capacity in the developmental
architecture will hobble responses to emerging crises at the local level. Responsible transition for
humanitarian actors in Nepal implies a capacity-building effort similar to that required to manage a
major crisis. Over the medium term, the community is now actively working to strengthen the national
infrastructure for humanitarian response – Nepal’s endemic disaster profile will require a permanent,
robust national response capacity.
3.2
SCENARIO 14
Planning Assumptions

Political/peace process continues, with delays;

Continued volatility in security situation, especially in Central and Eastern Terai;

State machinery/leadership focussed on Constitution-making process at central level while
chronic vulnerabilities (food, health, nutrition, water and sanitation) receive inadequate attention;

Seasonal disasters will affect at least 30% of the population.
Triggering Factors

Food/fuel crisis escalates;

Simultaneous medium-scale disasters in various regions of the country.
14
Note: The worst-case scenario is considered in the Nepal inter-agency contingency planning process.
15
N E P A L
Humanitarian Implications

New displacement/migration due to political uncertainty and/or economic crises;

Political/leadership vacuum and lack of confidence in the rule of law at the local level affects the
functioning and delivery of basic security and services, including the delivery of projects in the
field;

Seasonal disasters, with an estimated 100,000 disaster victims needing immediate and midterm relief and rehabilitation support;

6.4 million people food-insecure.
3.3
STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES FOR HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE IN 2009
There is a need for focused humanitarian action which targets socially marginalised households and
communities as well as individuals and households that are vulnerable to a variety of risks in a manner
that is immediate, targeted, pro-active, inspired by humanitarian principles, and based on systematic
needs and vulnerability assessments at the local level. At the same time, it is necessary to implement
a deliberate exit strategy for the humanitarian presence in Nepal, having put in place the appropriate
mechanisms, raised commensurate awareness, and enabled communities sufficiently to reduce
tomorrow’s humanitarian caseload. The focus must be on preparedness and capacity-building, with a
reduced element of direct delivery of assistance wherever possible.
The strategic priorities for the 2009 appeal are to

Respond effectively and efficiently to current and projected humanitarian needs;

Increase emergency preparedness and consolidate protection measures, to reduce the
potential humanitarian caseload in 2009 and beyond;

Promote principles of partnerships, strengthening national institutions and actors for more
concerted humanitarian action.
Projects have been selected to support these strategic priorities. (See Project Selection Criteria,
page 47)
Transition Strategy
The transition strategy in 2009 calls for a surge in disaster preparedness activities and funding;
increased dialogue with development actors about vulnerability; and a shift toward national actors and
the enhancement of their capacities to provide humanitarian assistance into the long-term.
Cluster leads have prioritised this approach in the Appeal. However, the number of national NGOs
directly appealing for funds is disappointingly low. This is due to poor results in prior appeals, or
constraints that some donors face in funding national NGOs. The majority of project proposals include
national actors as key partners. Project selection criteria includes capacity-building as a criteria.
COMPLEMENTARY ASSISTANCE FRAMEWORKS
Humanitarian assistance needs to be complemented by early recovery and peace-building
programmes, so that the gains are sustained. There are several national and international
instruments in place to assist the GoN in transition as well as in meeting the longer-term development
and peace-building needs. In all the existing frameworks, institutional strengthening and capacitybuilding are common threads.
The GoN National three-year interim plan (2007/08-2009/10)

Gives special emphasis on relief, reconstruction and reintegration support for conflict victims.
This also features as a priority in the Common Minimum Programme of the GoN;

Promotes good governance and increases effectiveness in service delivery, with emphasis on
institutional strengthening and capacity development, and ensuring non-discriminatory service
to the traditionally marginalised groups.
The United Nations Development Assistance Framework (UNDAF) 2008-2010

Focuses on capacity-building of national institutions and processes;

Aims to increase access to basic services for socially excluded groups;

Promotes the respect and protection of human rights for sustained peace and inclusive
development.
16
N E P A L
The United Nations Country Team (UNCT) estimates a total budget of $360 million to be able to
achieve UNDAF goals and priorities for Nepal.
The United Nations Mission in Nepal (UNMIN) – Established by Security Council resolution 1740
(2007) of 23 January 2007 as a political mission with a mandate to:

Monitor the management of arms and armed personnel of the Nepal Army and the Maoist army,
in line with the provisions of the CPA;

Assist the parties through a Joint Monitoring Coordinating Committee in implementing their
agreement on the management of arms and armed personnel;

Assist in the monitoring of ceasefire arrangements;

Provide technical assistance to the Election Commission in the planning, preparation and
conduct of the election of a Constituent Assembly in a free and fair atmosphere.
Security Council resolution 1825 (2008) of 23 July 2008 renewed this mandate, taking into account the
completion of some of its elements with the holding of the 10 April Constituent Assembly election, as
well as the ongoing work on the monitoring and management of arms and armed personnel in line with
the 25 June Agreement among the political parties, which will support the completion of the peace
process. The Mission's current mandate expires on 23 January 2009. On 30 December, the
Permanent Representative of Nepal to the UN sent a letter to the Security Council requesting for
UNMIN’s extension of mandate for another six months. Decision on the request is awaited.
The UN Peace Fund for Nepal (UNPFN)

Supports state and non-state structures to manage the peace process;

Fosters accelerated recovery of groups, or areas, where there is a serious risk of conflict;

Supports actions to diffuse tensions over specific issues which could result in conflict;

Aims to build the momentum of the peace process itself.
The UNPFN complements the GoN’s Peace Trust Fund (NPTF) which has received commitments
worth $65.2 million, out of which $55.9 million have already been transferred to the NPTF account.
Focus areas identified for the NPTF include future elections; return, reintegration and rehabilitation of
IDPs; security strengthening; cantonment management; and support to peace institutions.
The World Bank has also approved an emergency peace support operation for $50 million, which
includes one time payments to families of persons killed as a result of the conflict and to finance
monthly payments to Maoists in the cantonments. The remainder will be used for reintegration
support for conflict affected populations and capacity-building of peace institutions.
Who does what and under what funding mechanism?
The table below lists the project areas supported by the NPTF and the UNPFN that complement
projects included in the Humanitarian Transition Appeal. Projects supported by the UNPFN and the
Humanitarian Transition Appeal set the stage for the medium-to long term UN programmes, that are
primarily designed to “build a lasting and inclusive peace and to progress towards achieving the
objectives of the Millennium Declaration and the Millennium Development Goals.”
17
N E P A L
CANTONMENT MANAGEMENT and
REINTEGRATION
ELECTIONS and GOVERNANCE
Peacebuilding
Priority
Areas
Projects funded by donors and Government
agencies 2008
UNPFN
NPTF
 Electoral Observation
Resource Centre;
 Provision of
Specialised
Assistance to the
Electoral
Commission.
 Voter Education for
the CA election;
 Election Officials
and Employee
training;
 Deployment of
Polling Officials;
 Capacity
Development of
Election Officials
and Support Staff
for the
Administration of
CA Election.
 Monthly distribution
of Rs/60 per day to
all combatants to
fulfil their basic
needs;
 Installation of
essential utilities for
cantonment sites;
utilities for
cantonment sites;
Development of
educational
facilities; in all
cantonment sites;
Construction of
bailey bridges,
needed
infrastructure,
embankment;
Specialised and
primary health care;
Building of
temporary shelters;
Strengthening of
Cantonment Mgmt.
 Verification of the
Maoist Combatants;
 Development of
Strategy for
Discharge of Adult
Maoist Army
Personnel from the
Cantonments;
 Discharge and
Reintegration Project;
 Programme of
Support for Children
and Adolescents
Affected by the
Conflict in Nepal;
 Support to Female
members of Maoists
Army among the
4008 verified for
discharge and Host
Communities in the
Divisions as well as
in the Discharge and
Peace-building
Processes;
 Support to
IEDD/EOD
Operations in Nepal
& Capacity-building
of Nepal Army.
Related Project
Areas in the
Humanitarian
Transition Appeal
200915
Related UNDAF Country
Programme Outputs
2008-2010
Capacities of Constituent
Assembly delegates,
technical experts and a broad
spectrum of civil society
organisations developed to
produce a new constitution;
Capacity of Election
Commission strengthened to
conduct free and fair
elections.
 Protection,
including child
protection;
 Return and
Reintegration of
children formerly
associated with
armed forces and
armed groups;
 Food Assistance for
Conflict Affected
Populations in
Nepal.
An inclusive Government led
National programme in place
for the reintegration of CAAC
(particularly CAAFAG) and
ex-combatants, their
supporters and dependents;
Timely provision of food to
targeted beneficiaries in crisis
or post conflict transition
situation or those vulnerable
to potential shocks.
Some priorities in the Humanitarian Transition Appeal are not directly linked to priority areas of both the UN Peace Fund and Nepal
Peace Trust Fund. These include projects related to: Coordination; Disaster Preparedness; Refugees and Asylum Seekers; Emergency
Health Preparedness and Response for vulnerable women, men and children not directly affected by the conflict; Emergency Food
Security and Nutrition Programmes for food-insecure and vulnerable areas; and Protection.
15
18
N E P A L
Projects funded by donors and Government
agencies 2008
UNPFN
NPTF
 Surveillance and
Programme
Targeting for PostConflict
Transformation;
 Building Local
Capacities for Peace;
 Support to
Transitional Justice
Institutions;
 Technical assistance
for resolving
Housing, Land and
Property Rights
Issues.
 Special IDP
programme
providing IDPs with
daily expenses,
education support,
transportation,
house and
construction repair
and loans for
agriculture inputs
and tools.



SECURITY
 Support to IED/EOD
Operations in Nepal.
COMMUNITY
RECOVERY


RIGHTS and
RECONCILATION
Peacebuilding
Priority
Areas
 Jobs for Peace:
32,000 jobs for youth
through skills,
entrepreneurship and
cooperatives
Related Project
Areas in the
Humanitarian
Transition Appeal
200915
Development, pretesting, printing and
implementing peace
education modules
for conflict affected
children;
Strengthening &
expanding the
monitoring &
reporting
mechanisms on
child rights
violations in armed
and post conflict;
Monitoring and
response to
protection concerns
of IDPs;
Essential Health for
EmergencyAffected Children
and Women;
Human Rights
protection and
promotion.
 Strengthening the
Nepal Police
through the
procurement of
communication,
office and security
equipments;
 Support to
investigation
activities.
 Programme for
Mine Risk
Education
Advocacy and
Surveillance.

 Improve market
access and
agricultural
production with
seed and fertilizer
assistance;
 Disaster
preparedness at the
community level.
19
Related UNDAF Country
Programme Outputs
2008-2010
High level Truth and
Reconciliation Commission
and other related
mechanisms have the
capacity to effectively deliver
transitional justice;
Capacity of the relevant
government institutions,
political parties, CSOs, and
media strengthened to
recognise the impact of
conflict on women and
children and to take
appropriated protective
measures;
Decision makers ensure
children’s consultation and
women’s participation in the
planning, implementation and
monitoring of the peace
process
Women in selected conflictaffected districts are more
able to demand their political,
social & economic rights &
opportunities for participation;
Socially excluded and
economically marginalised
groups including adolescents
increasingly utilise and
participate in the
management of basic
services including education
and health services and water
and sanitation facilities.
National capacities
strengthened to minimise the
impact from mines,
improvised explosive devices
and other explosive remnants
of war;
Government has increased
capacity to restore basic
functioning of police
throughout the country.
N E P A L
3.4
RESPONSE PLANS
3.4.A. Food Security
Cluster Lead: WFP
Agencies Participating: Adventist Development and Relief Agency (ADRA), Concern, Development
Project Services Centre (DEPROSC), FAO, German Society for Technical Cooperation (GTZ),
Helvetas, Mercy Corps, The Mountain Institute, NRCS, Support Activities for Poor Producers of Nepal
(SAPPROS), Save the Children US, UNICEF, Winrock, World Education, World Vision International
(WVI), and CARE.
Overview of Priority Needs and Response Strategy
In the course of the past year, the global community experienced an unprecedented rise in food
prices. There are strong indications that the volatility in global food prices will remain for the
foreseeable future, coupled with an upward shift to higher (real) prices in the medium term. The shift
in food prices poses both challenges and opportunities for the international community, which now
recognises the importance of significantly increasing investment in agriculture as well as food
assistance as a means of addressing serious concerns related to global food security and poverty. In
this appeal, immediate response measures focused on both targeted food and food production-related
assistance have been identified.
Food insecurity is pervasive throughout much of Nepal, with 41% of the population undernourished.16
39% of children under five are underweight, while almost one in every second child is stunted – one of
the highest rates in the world. In some of the most, remote, underdeveloped districts in Nepal, chronic
malnutrition rates are nearly 80%, out of which 50% is severe.17
The majority of Nepal’s people are subsistence farmers, with nearly 25% of the population living on
less than $1 a day. Many households can only produce enough to meet their basic food needs for
three to six months. Lack of adequate roads, market networks and economic opportunities in remote
areas severely limit 1) the capacity of vulnerable populations to deal with shocks such as localised
crop failures, natural disasters, and rising food prices, and 2) the government’s ability to provide safety
nets during critical periods of food insecurity.
High food prices are plunging people already on the edge into deeper poverty and significantly
reducing the ability of conflict-affected populations to recover their livelihoods. Before the global food
crisis, Nepal’s population spent nearly 60% of their income, on average, on food.18 For the extreme
poor (about 5.5 million people), this percentage increased to 78%.19 Because of high food prices,
people have shifted their consumer behaviour to buying smaller quantities and cheaper food items and
increased buying on credit due.
According to a WFP/GoN emergency assessment, 90% of the surveyed population experienced a
food shortage this season, with almost 70% of those reporting a deteriorating trend compared to the
previous season. Most households (94%) have seen an increase in household expenditures, largely
due to the high food prices.20 As a result of these factors, approximately 2.5 million people in rural
Nepal are in need of immediate food assistance. An additional 4.4 million people including 525,000
urban people are at increasing risk of becoming food-insecure due to the high commodity prices.
While this drastic hike in food prices has levelled slightly over the recent months, there remains an
upward price trend for key commodities. Even with good national crop production, prices still remain
at higher-than-average levels; lack of developed markets limit the accessibility of food for those who
need it, further threatening the nutrition status of vulnerable populations. The underlying factors
leading to food insecurity remain in place, warranting continued food assistance to the extreme rural
poor.
The humanitarian community in the food cluster aims to safeguard the lives of communities suffering
from acute food insecurity as a result of high food prices, as well as the lasting effects of conflict and
natural disasters. The aim is to meet the critical food needs of vulnerable households, particularly
FAO/WFP Food Security Assessment Mission to Nepal, 2007
Action Contre La Faim, Nutrition Preliminary Report for Mugu District, 2008
18 Nepal Living Standards Survey, 2003/4
19 WFP/NDRI Market Price Impact Assessment, July 2008
20 GoN/WFP Rapid Emergency Food Security Assessment, 2008
16
17
20
N E P A L
vulnerable groups including women, children, ethnic minorities, indigenous, and other marginalised
populations.
This activity will provide short-term food security to vulnerable populations through an opportunity to
rebuild/construct critical infrastructure and productive assets through food-for-work or combined foodand cash-for-work schemes with shocks. Outcomes include improved market access and agricultural
production, alternative livelihood and employment opportunities, and improved access to basic social
service delivery. A more sustainable immediate response to improve the food security at farmer
household level and make them less depending on food assistance is by boosting agricultural
production, as indicated by the Initiative of Soaring Food Prices (ISFP) Inter-agency Rapid
Assessment Mission (July 2008),21 through a targeted seed and fertilizer assistance and the
development and rehabilitation of micro-irrigation schemes.
Objectives

Provide critical food assistance to protect lives and restore livelihoods in populations affected by
conflicts, high food prices, and natural disasters. Assistance is focused on mitigating the food
insecurity through the creation of quick-impact, food-for-assets activities focused on restoring or
constructing critical infrastructure and supplementary feeding activities;

Provide agricultural inputs (improved varieties of different food crops, fertilizer, basic agricultural
tools, improved veterinarian services, restocking of animals etc.) combined with technical
guidance to improve cultural methods to maximise crop production, to improve animal
production and promote crop diversification, as being one of the risk reduction strategies, in
order to improve the household food security in the rural areas. The agricultural activities will
focus on the vulnerable farming rural household, depending mainly on subsistence farming with
landholdings of less than 0.5 ha, with special focus on female headed rural households;

Besides technical guidance there will be an awareness creation aspect included regarding
household and community-based disaster preparedness in order to reduce the impact of
possible future natural or manmade disasters.
Indicators
Expected outcomes are:

Improved short-term food security and reduced vulnerability in populations affected by conflicts
and/or natural disasters, who are further devastated by high food prices, through the rebuilding
of critical infrastructure aimed at strengthening livelihoods;

Reduced moderate acute malnutrition rates, in particular among high risk groups including
women, children, and other vulnerable groups;

Improved food security through improved agricultural and animal production, especially for the
food-insecure and vulnerable rural households depending on subsistence agriculture with
landholdings of less than 0.5 ha.
The following indicators will be used:

Number of actual beneficiaries and metric tonnes of food commodities as a percentage of
planned beneficiaries/tonnage;

Percentage of targeted households reporting increased ability to meet their immediate food
needs;

Percentage of beneficiaries in targeted areas where food energy gaps are met;

Number of farmers receiving agricultural and livestock inputs and the agricultural input items
and their quantities actually distributed;

Number of farmers receiving technical guidance, adopting modern cultural techniques and/or
diversifying crops and/or animal husbandry;

Percentage of farmer households that actually improved their food security through improved
crop and animal production (months per year of household’s food self sufficiency).
Monitoring
The food security monitoring and analysis system, headed by WFP and implemented in conjunction
with partner agencies and in collaboration with Government services, will collect and analyse food
security information and programme performance in food-insecure areas throughout the country.
Information will be made available to decision makers in Nepal on a real-time basis, leading to better
informed/coordinated UN and international community responses and actions.
Nepal, Initiative on Soaring Food Prices, Govt of Nepal – FAO – WFP – IFAD – ADB – WB Interagency Rapid Assessment mission, 2131 July 2008, Draft Report of Mission Findings and Recommendations, page 22-28
21
21
N E P A L
Map of Needs, Organisations and Locations:
22
N E P A L
3.4.B Nutrition
Cluster lead: UNICEF
Agencies participating: WFP, WHO, Concern, Action Contre la Faim (ACF), and WVI
Priority Needs and Response Strategy
Child malnutrition rates in Nepal remain persistently high and have increased in the past years to 13%
in 2006. In communities most-affected by food insecurity, moderate acute malnutrition in children
under-five has been reported as high as 26%. Acute malnutrition levels are increasingly nationally,
while rates in some communities in the Terai approach 20% - a rate higher than the accepted
international threshold for a disaster.22
Particular districts of the Mid- and Far Western Development Regions show a disproportional high
acute malnutrition rate of 17% and more (ACF and Concern Worldwide (CWW) anthropometric
surveys), the internationally accepted threshold being 15% for a nutrition emergency. Treatment of
severely malnourished children remains largely unavailable in Nepal. In 2008 the GoN issued a policy
statement on emergency nutrition, approving community-based treatment of acute malnutrition
(CMAM). A CMAM pilot project led by ACF, Concern and UNICEF in selected districts in the Mid- and
Far West Regions is a priority for 2009. CMAM comprises of four main components: community
mobilisation, treatment of moderately malnourished (supplementary feeding), treatment of severely
malnourished without complications (out patient treatment with ready-to-use therapeutic foods), and
treatment of severely malnourished with complications in a stabilisation centre (in care treatment).
During the start-up phase emphasis will be on treatment of the severely malnourished (including
systematic treatment of underlying causes such as infections and vitamin A deficiency), but after
prevention and early detection (moderate malnutrition) will be the main components of the
programme. In all components of the programme, health education (including hygiene, the
importance of breastfeeding and appropriate complementary foods) will play an important role.
UNICEF and WFP will implement a joint emergency response programme in the Mid- and Far Western
Regions to mitigate the impact of chronic food insecurity and the great impact of the food price crisis.
The nutrition response will include distribution of food rations (food-for-work projects – in Food Cluster
input), distribution of micronutrient supplements to children under five, nutrition assessments and
emergency CMAM (treatment of the severely malnourished). This project already received funding
from the World Bank and is thus not seeking funds in the 2009 appeal process.
Continuing care is needed for the victims of the August 2008 Koshi floods in Saptari and Sunsari
Districts, who lost everything (including their land and livestock) due to the new course of the river.
Close monitoring of the nutritional status of children under five and pregnant and lactating women still
remaining in camp sites is essential, so treatment can be provided in case of a deterioration of their
nutritional situation.
The cluster approach has been successfully implemented in Nepal in 2008, and will continue in 2009
for monitoring of the nutritional situation in existing emergency situations (Sunsari and Saptari floodaffected areas) and to prepare for any new emergency.
Table of proposed coverage per site
Site / Area
Mugu District
Bardiya District
Kanchanpur District
Accham District
Jajarkot District
Targeted districts in Far/Mid West Regions
Sunsari / Saptari flood-affected area
Organisations
ACF (CMAM)
CWW (CMAM)
ACF (CMAM)
ACF (CMAM)
Concern (anthropometric survey, CMAM)
UNICEF, WFP (CMAM, micro-nutrient distribution)
UNICEF, WVI, local NGOs
Strategic Objectives

Reduce chronic and acute malnutrition in the highly food-insecure Mid and Far Western
Regions and the flood-affected area in Sunsari and Saptari Districts;

Provide a timely and effective nutrition response to alleviate moderate acute malnutrition rates
through supplementary feeding activities;

Capacity strengthening on emergency nutrition of MoHP and local NGOs working in nutrition;
22
WFP Poverty Mapping, 2005
23
N E P A L

Improve cluster’s capacity and collaboration in order to response in a timely and appropriate
manner to any new emergency.
Expected Outcome

Percentage of households reporting dietary diversity and frequency, meeting acceptable
nutritional standards;

CMAM and micronutrient distribution operational in all targeted districts;

Programme indicators for the CMAM and micronutrient distribution are collected and
disseminated;

Improved acute malnutrition rates in the targeted districts;

Number of people trained in and using CMAM;

Response to an emergency starts within first 72 hours and is appropriate.
Monitoring
Programme indicators (number of people in charge, cured, death, defaulting, and length of stay in the
programme) will be collected monthly by the implementing organisations and disseminated. Training
and methodology will be planned in collaboration with the organisations. All cluster members will meet
regularly (bi-monthly, more often if needed) to share information, to closely monitor the implemented
programmes, and to strengthen the response capacity of the cluster in case of occurring nutrition
emergencies.
Targeted population
Areas
Accham, Bardiya,
Kanchanpur, Mugu,
Jajarkot Districts
Category
Children under five
Sunsari / Saptari
flood-affected
VDCs
Children under five
Affected population
Beneficiary population
Accham
1294
Accham
1035
Bardiya
1338
Bardiya
1083
Kanchanpur
2133
Kanchanpur
1706
Mugu
626
Mugu
500
Jajarkot: No data available yet; survey planned Dec 2008
9604
1921
Pregnant women
Lactating women
Children under five
1105
221
2881
577
Targeted districts in
SAM
6400 SAM
3200
Far/Mid
West
Micronutrient distribution: planning / targeting on-going; there
Regions
are 160,000 children in the districts
Female
14256
5332
TOTAL
Male
11125
4911
Grand total
25381
10243
NB1: # in affected population is not always equal to # in beneficiary population, as no 100% coverage is expected
NB2: The affected population is the total number of children under five that is severely malnourished according to
the nutrition survey conducted in the District in 2008.
NB3: The number of people affected by the Koshi floods is only a rough calculation as the verification process has
not been finished. The affected population is calculated as 20% (children <5), 2.3% (pregnant) and 6%
(lactating) of the total population as indicated by CCCM cluster on 23/30 October 2008. The beneficiary
population is calculated as 20% of the affected population.
3.4.C Protection
(Including internally displaced persons, child protection, children affected by armed conflict
and mine action)
Sector lead: OHCHR/UNICEF
Agencies participating: UNFPA, International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) (as observer),
UNHCR, United Nations Mine Action Service (UNMAS), NRC, Handicap International, Partnership
Nepal, World Education, SC, IRC, Partnerships for Protecting Children in Armed Conflict Network
(PPCC), Search for Common Ground (SFCG), Himalayan Human Rights Monitors (HimRights), and
Ban Landmines Campaign in Nepal (NCBL)
24
N E P A L
Key figures23
Estimated number of people displaced by the armed conflict (April 2008)
Registered by government (mid-May 2008)
Displaced by the Koshi River floods (August 2008)
Number of flood-affected women in the Eastern Region
Number of flood-affected physically disabled in the Eastern Region
Number of flood-affected mentally disabled in the Eastern Region
Number of flood-affected elderly (above 60) in the Eastern Region
Conflict victims
Missing persons
Stateless persons
Terai abductions in 2007
Terai killings in 2007
Access to justices: backlog (number of cases)
GBV incidence: UNFPA survey of 59,235 households in six Terai Districts
found GBV reported
50,000-70,000
35,000
50,000 (30% are children)
26,941
203
50
1,863
13,000
1,151
800,000
200
85
52,098
42%
25,000 including those in the
cantonments
CAAFAG/ CAAC
Priority Needs and Response Strategy
Protection concerns in Nepal arise from the transition from a situation of armed conflict via a complex
peace process, in addition to the country’s vulnerability to natural disasters, such as flooding and
earthquakes. In addition, systematic discrimination in the Nepali society puts marginalised groups
more at risk in the aftermath of an emergency.
The security environment in Nepal remains volatile country-wide and the failure of the State to ensure
public security remains a significant obstacle to improving the human rights situation in Nepal. The
situation is particularly difficult in the Terai, where the public security vacuum has provided space for
the proliferation of armed groups. After a decrease of armed groups activities just before and during
the elections to the Constituent Assembly, the withdrawal of additional Nepal Police (NP) and Armed
Police Force (APF) personnel after the election contributed to the deterioration of public security in
some areas. Vulnerable and historically marginalised communities in particular have little faith in the
willingness of the police to address their protection concerns or to properly investigate crimes of which
they are the victims. Victims of gender-based violence have faced particular problems, with the
compounded challenges of a culture of silence, the lack of services to address GBV and the lack of
capacity and willingness by authorities to address GBV, particularly in emergency situations.
The Terai region is also the most prone to flooding. Needs assessments following the flooding in 2008
indicated that approximately one third of the affected population come from the least empowered
groups, such as Dalits and ex-Kamaiyas24. In addition, a large number of men have migrated abroad
to find employment and many of the household are therefore female-headed. This led for example to
security being a main concern for the displaced population and there were several reports of unknown
men entering the camps during night to try to lure women away with them. In discussions with the
security forces responsible for the security it was revealed that the understanding of their role in
protection was limited, and training on protection was therefore organised.
Post-flood assessments also found other vulnerable groups – elderly, disabled and foreigners, e.g.
Indian citizens. Moreover, it was found that assistance was not targeted to displaced people living
with host families or in spontaneous camps. These displaced groups make greater use of damaging
coping strategies and have a much lower consumption intake.
Other protection concerns identified in the assessments included lack of security, no separation of
facilities (bathing, latrines and sleeping arrangements) between women and men, no representation of
women in camp management committees and lack of complaint and referral mechanisms. In addition
many had lost important documents, such as citizenship and land titles. There were also some
evidence of discrimination reported relating to the distribution of aid and of related tension.
In addition to the above, a key protection concern in the western region is of flood victims who are
displaced to forest areas. In Kailali district alone there are an estimated 600 households (up to 4,000
persons) located in basic shelters in forest areas, many of which are female-headed. While food
23
24
NAF 2008
Former bonded labourers.
25
N E P A L
distribution and basic shelter has been provided, conditions at the camp remain poor with insufficient
access to water, no sanitation facilities, no lighting, no separate facilities and no safe areas for
children. Although the local protection cluster developed a plan to provide vulnerable groups with
support, this was not possible in the forest areas due to the lack of support from the District Disaster
Relief Committee/administration who state that the encroachment of the forest must not be supported
and will lead to opportunist elements attempting to seize land.
Many persons are still displaced since the conflict, although some have returned to their places of
origin. Some have chosen to integrate in their place of displacement, partly due to protection
concerns and partly due to pull factors (better services, increased opportunities for work). Others
would like to return but need further assistance and security to do so in a sustainable way (full return
government package, restitution of their properties). Returns were largely spontaneous but some
were ‘facilitated’ by NGOs, with most returnees needing assistance to re-establish livelihoods and
often legal aid regarding documentation or land and property issues. Although a national policy on
internal displacement was adopted in 2007, the “Procedural Directives” required for its implementation
have still not been approved, seriously inhibiting the full implementation of the policy.
Land and property are fundamental assets for survival, prosperity and identity and certainly are
important concerns of the protection cluster. In the context of IDPs land and property are associated
with access to adequate shelter, security tenure and proper allocation of land. Right to adequate
shelter and security of tenure are key concerns whether the IDPs are returning to their places of origin
or are willing to integrate in the place of displacement, or cannot go back because of various reasons.
Those who are going back should have access to their lost land or seized land and those who are not
able to return due to various reasons need to be resettled by allocating proper land and providing
security of tenure. Access to adequate shelter and provision of land tenure will lead to protection of
human security, including human rights and human dignity and fulfilment of responsibility of the
international community to protect people at risk. Failure to address the above concerns will create
more problems in future and therefore priority needs to be given to address these concerns and
incorporated in the response strategy.
Protection: Table of proposed coverage per site
SITE / AREA
Flood-affected areas (Saptari, Sunsari, Kailali, Kanchanpur)/GBV
Bardiya District/Disaster risk reduction and preparedness
Kapilvastu District/Early warning
Bardiya, Banke and Kapilvastu District/information management
National/GBV
20 Districts/Information, counselling and legal assistance
ORGANISATIONS
CARE Nepal, UNFPA
IRC
IRC
IRC
UNFPA
NRC
Children Associated with Armed Conflict
The armed conflict in Nepal continues to have severe repercussions on children of all ages in Nepal.
During the conflict, large numbers of children were separated from their families owing to
displacement, or to avoid forced recruitment into armed groups. Many of these children were then
forced into the labour market, often in some of the most hazardous industries. The decade-long
conflict in Nepal shattered many child protection systems and the social structures underpinning a
protective environment. Despite efforts to recover and rebuild, children are especially vulnerable to
violence, abuse and exploitation. Obligations towards children in the peace agreement remain
partially unfulfilled. Most critical has been the failure to formally discharge the 2,973 combatants who
have been verified by UN monitors as underage. The Children Associated with Armed Forces and
Armed Groups (CAAFAG) Working Group focuses primarily on the withdrawal of children from their
places in armed forces and groups, and their reintegration into the families and communities from
which they were separated. UNICEF is the chair of the Working Group, which includes the Office for
the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), international NGOs (IRC, SFCG, SC, CARE,
TPO, World Education) and national NGOs (Child Workers in Nepal concerned Centre (CWIN), UnderPrivileged Children’s Educational Programme (UCEP), Informal Sector Service Centre (INSEC),
Schools as Zones of Peace (SZOP) Coalition, Advocacy Forum, and Sahara), with the ICRC, WFP,
ILO, UNFPA and UNMIN participating as observers.
The Working Group faces ongoing challenges in its goal of obtaining the release and return of
CAAFAG, with an unstable political situation complicating certain activities. The developments in the
Terai, with the emergence of new armed groups who also have targeted children and the current
humanitarian context, have triggered UNICEF to cover the most affected of these Terai districts.
26
N E P A L
Children Associated with Armed Conflict: Table of proposed coverage per site
SITE / AREA
Terai/ Monitoring on violence against children
18 districts/ Reintegration of CAAFAG/CAC
6 districts/ Psychosocial support to CAAFAG/CAC
National/ Children participation in transitional justice process
Terai/ Monitoring and reporting on child rights violations
National/ Children and peace-building
50 districts/ Reintegration of CAC
5 districts/ Youth and peace-building
8 districts/ Community-based reintegration of CAAFAG/CAC
National/ Children and Peace process
ORGANISATIONS
Save the Children (SC)
Transcultural Psychosocial Organisation (TPO)
Partnerships for Protecting Children in Armed
Conflict Network (PPCC)
Search for Common Ground (SFCG)
International Rescue Committee
World Education
Himalayan Human Rights Monitors (HimRights)
Child protection in emergencies
At the global level, UNICEF is the child protection sub-cluster lead within the protection cluster. At the
country level, UNICEF formally committed to implement cluster leadership on child protection in four
pre-determined scenarios in 2007. The recent flooding in August/September in the eastern and
western parts of the country was the first time child protection was addressed comprehensively in an
emergency. However, significant resources are still required to improve the capacity of cluster
members and key stakeholders to effectively prepare for and respond to child protection issues, and
the child protection issues which emerge during seasonal flooding and landslides. While some
funding may be available for emergency response, there is a critical lack of funding available for the
crucial preparedness activities the cluster should undertake.
Child Protection in emergencies: Table of proposed coverage per site
SITE / AREA
ORGANISATIONS
National/ Emergency preparedness Psychosocial support
Flood-affected areas/ Emergency responses, psychosocial Transcultural Psychosocial Organisation (TPO)
support
National/ Emergency preparedness and responses on Child
United nations Children’s Funds (UNICEF)
Protection
Mine Action
Although Nepal has been in a post-conflict situation since April 2006, IEDs, landmines and other
explosive remnants of war (ERW), used by both parties during the decade-long conflict – and more
recently, by other armed groups – continue to kill and injure. In 2007, 104 civilians, including 49
children, died or were severely injured as a result of victim-activated explosions. As of 31 October
2008, sixty-two new casualties, including forty children, have been reported. 25 More than 90% of the
casualties were caused by IEDs. Explosive devices stored in civilian homes and abandoned IEDs
near villages have been the main sources of incidents since June 2006.
Nepal is not a signatory to the anti-personnel mine-ban treaty neither a signatory to the Convention on
Certain Conventional Weapons.
A Mine Action Joint Working Group (MAWG) was established in March 2004 with the objective of
developing an integrated mine action campaign. The members of the MAWG group are: Ministry of
Peace and Reconstruction, Nepal Army, Nepal Police, UNMAS, UNICEF, SC, Handicap International,
World Education, Porters’ Progress, the Nepal Red Cross Society, INSEC, CWIN, United Mission to
Nepal, Digital Broadcast Initiative, Rural Reconstruction Nepal, Partnership Nepal, Nepal Campaign to
Ban Landmines and Sahara. OCHA and ICRC participate as observers in the group.
Since January 2007, the UNMIN Mine Action Unit (MAU) has been supporting both the Maoist army
and the NA to fulfil their obligations under the Agreement on Monitoring of the Management of Arms
and Armies (AMMAA). In July 2008, the MAU concluded the destruction of all IEDs at Maoist Army
Cantonment Sites (MCS), thereby fulfilling UNMIN’s commitment to IED destruction in accordance
with the CPA. In excess of 7,250 kilogrammes of explosive items, including 14,682 IEDs, were
destroyed across nine locations. The MAU has also been working with the NA on developing a
national mine clearance capacity, so that all 53 NA anti-personnel minefields laid during the recent
conflict can eventually be cleared, as per the commitment in the CPA. As of 31 July 2008, five
minefields have been successfully cleared and three others partially cleared.
25
Source INSEC/UNICEF
27
N E P A L
The newly established ‘UN Mine Action Team’ (UNMAT and UNICEF) will work in close coordination
with the Government – especially the Ministry of Peace and Reconstruction and Ministry of Defence
through the NA – and the Mine Action Joint Working Group to develop a joint and participatory
strategy to minimise the threat of landmines and explosive remnants of war in Nepal.
The UNMAT will continue to develop NA clearance capacity to ensure the clearance of the remaining
minefields and IED fields to internationally recognised standards, this will focus on developing the NA
with technical support from UNMAT as well as providing some operational support to allow for the
deployment of the NA de-mining teams. These clearance activities are supported financially by the
UNPFN and are not included in the Humanitarian Appeal.
Mine Action: Table of proposed coverage per site
SITE / AREA
National
10 districts
National
National
ORGANISATIONS
UN Mine Action team UNMAS/UNICEF (Mine Action)
Partnership Nepal (MRE)
Handicap International (Victim Assistance, Surveillance, MRE)
Ban Landmines campaign in Nepal (NCBL)
Strategic Objectives:
Protection

Strengthen the capabilities of all national actors to deliver protection in times of emergencies at
the central, district and community levels, including GBV prevention, monitoring and reporting,
and service delivery for survivors;

Monitor and record human rights concerns (including violence, threats and intimidation, caste
and gender discrimination as well as sexual and gender-based violence) in and around camps
and resettlement areas – in coordination with key national human rights partners, including the
National Human Rights Commission;

Develop protection strategies to respond to threats to physical security and persecution of
displaced populations, including the establishment of complaint and referral mechanisms;

Ensure effective monitoring and response to the protection concerns, humanitarian and legal
assistance of IDPs and returnees to help them get access to their entitlements;

Assist Government authorities to implement Nepal’s IDP Policy through the dissemination of the
“Procedural Directives” and support training programmes for government officials and civil
society, at the village, district or regional levels, including specific training on the gender aspects
of the Directives;

Ensure the recommendations in the IDP Directives which pertain to property and other rights,
protection and needs of female IDPs, especially widows and single women, are implemented;

Assist the Government to improve its capacity to monitor its relief programmes for IDPs and the
impact of its policies by developing better tools (including databases with sex disaggregated
statistics) and methods for gathering, managing and analysing information;

Continued advocacy for and promotion of durable solutions for IDPs, including support for those
who wish to integrate in areas of displacement, as well as those wishing to return.
Child Protection in Emergencies

Training of national cluster members and regional stakeholders on emergency child protection
issues;

Enhancement of response mechanisms to provide essential services to children and youth in
need of special protection within emergencies, including psychosocial services and other
necessary assistance. Ensure protection to the most at risk young children and their caregivers
including access to appropriate play and psychosocial support;

Procurement and pre-positioning of child protection kits and related emergency supplies for
seasonal flooding and landslides or other emergency situations;

Capacity-building of local committees’ members on child protection issues in emergencies.
Children Affected by the Conflict

Coordination and support to child protection activities for children affected by the conflict,
especially girls, including (i) capacity development of government and civil society partners to
monitor, document, and report violations of child rights in accordance with Security Council
Resolution 1612 and prevent recruitment of children into armed forces and armed groups; (ii)
provision of community-based reintegration services, including access to formal and non-formal
education, skills training, income-generating activities, psychosocial support, and job linkage
28
N E P A L
and placement; (iii) development of community reconciliation initiatives and strategies to ensure
that returning children are accepted and integrated; (iv) promotion of inclusion of children, youth
and community groups in local peace committees; and (v) support for conflict resolution; (vi)
support the release and reintegration process of 2973 children from the cantonment; (vii)
support to the transitional justice processes.
Mine Action

Ensure compliance with legal instruments in relation to the protection of civilians from explosive
devices;

Support the National Mine Action Authority (NMAA) to develop a national strategy for the care
and rehabilitation of survivors of explosive devices;

Develop with the MAWG and the NMAA new training methods and tools for risk education;

Assist the NMAA, UN and NGOs to develop national systems to assess explosive device risks
and needs;

Develop a national Mine Action strategy.
Indicators:
Protection

Number of training provided to security forces;

Number of human rights violations reported;

Reduction in the outstanding caseload of the justice system;

Number of public officials and security forces participating in training on protection in times of
emergencies;

Local protection clusters established in cases of emergencies;

Number of complaints registered in connection to return of IDPs;

Directives to the Nepal’s IDP Policy adopted and implemented;

Number of female IDPs, including widows and single women, who have received assistance in
accordance with the recommendations in the IDP Directives pertaining to property and other
rights;

Existence of a database with sex disaggregated statistics on the relief programmes by the
Government;

Existence of plan for durable solutions for IDPs, including support for those who wish to
integrate in areas of displacement, as well as those wishing to return.
Child Protection in emergencies

Increased knowledge on emergency preparedness and responses among local committee
members;

Increased knowledge on emergency preparedness and responses among local national cluster
members and regional stakeholders on emergency child protection issues;

Number of children and women provided with emergency responses such as non-food items
and psychosocial support in the flood-affected areas;

Number of child protection kits and related emergency supplies for seasonal flooding and
landslides or other emergency situations.
Children Affected by the Conflict

Number of children and youths who are successfully engaged in socio- economic and peacebuilding activities;

Number of children and youths and communities promoting peace-building activities and
involved in local peace-building committees;

Decreased reports of armed violence in affected communities;

Policies and programmes are in place to support the reintegration of CAAC and their effective
participation in peace-building activities (including transitional justice processes);

National plan of action for the reintegration of children affected by conflict; Commitment to
prevent the recruitment and misuse of children by political/ armed groups in any harmful activity.
Mine Action

Operational NMAA;

GoN actively involved in adherence to the mine ban convention or/and the convention on
certain conventional weapons;

National disability policy for disabled IED/landmines survivors;
29
N E P A L



MRE tools integrated in schools and child clubs and other CB activities;
National Victim Information System and Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) survey allow
ongoing prioritisation of mine action activities;
Strategy completed and accepted by all stakeholders.
Monitoring
Monitoring will be based on the regular reporting done by the members of the cluster including
OHCHR reports and NGO reports. Qualitative information gathering will also be conducted in
connection to response to local emergencies. The programme will build on past achievements and
lessons learnt from the flood response in 2008, the first time the protection cluster was active.
The UNMAT and the Mine Action Joint Working Group (MAJWG) will carry out evaluation of activities
such as training programmes, number of explosive devices cleared, list of advocacy reports produced
and their audience, coverage of mine risk education (MRE), as well as mine risk reduction activities
that are undertaken by communities and local organisations. A baseline KAP survey has been carried
out by an independent organisation to measure the impact of the preliminary MRE activities, and to
provide a general overview on the knowledge, attitudes, practices and beliefs regarding explosive
devices in at-risk areas of Nepal.
On project completion, UNICEF will request an external evaluation that will include a second KAP
survey to evaluate the impact of the project among the at-risk population. This evaluation will also
measure the capacity and ownership of the government to lead, coordinate and monitor mine action
activities. Progress and final project reports will be prepared.
3.4.D Health
Cluster Lead: WHO
Agencies participating: UNFPA, UNICEF, British Nepal Medical Trust (BNMT), Handicap
International, Family Health International, Merlin, Médecins du Monde (MDM), Mercy Corps, SC
Key figures
Infant mortality rate
Under-five mortality rate
Maternal mortality rate
Crude mortality rate
Physicians/100,000
Number of people who develop active TB (annual)
Number fully-immunised children 2004
Number of measles cases in 2006
Malaria: suspected cases (clinical diagnosis) 2007
Japanese encephalitis cases (2007)
Home deliveries with no skilled assistance
Uterine prolapse population based prevalence rate (women in reproductive age;
Reproductive Morbidities Report, 2006 (UNFPA, Institute of Medicine))
Contraceptive prevalence rate: 2007
HIV/AIDS prevalence rate 15-49 year-olds 2008
Spending on health from total national budget
Source: NAF 2008
48/1,000
61/1,000
281/100,000
8.96/1,000
21
44,000
59%
1,935
62,836
371
81%
10%
48%
0.48%
5.87%
Nepal’s Central Bureau of Statistics estimated the crude mortality rate for 2005 at 8.96 deaths per
1,000 people. The 2006 Nepal Demographic Health Survey (NDHS) showed the Infant Mortality Rate
(IMR) at 48/1,000 live births, down from 64/1,000 in 2001. The Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) was
estimated to have dropped to 281/100,000 births from 539/100,000 births in 1996. The Under-Five
Child Mortality Rate (U5MR) dropped to 61/1,000 live births in 2006, compared to 91/1,000 in 2001.
However, Mortality figures should be contextualised and there is evidence that deaths are significantly
under reported in Nepal.
The incidence of acute illness increased from 9% in 1995/96 to 13% in 2003/04. More than 40% of
acute illness cases were fevers in both years. The proportion of diarrhoea episodes in acute cases
has decreased by 6% during the same period. Overall incidence of chronic illness is 5%. The five
common health conditions registered at the health facilities are as follows:
30
N E P A L
Diseases
Skin Diseases
Acute Respiratory Infection
Diarrhoeal Diseases
Pyrexia (fever) of unknown origin
Gastritis
Source: NAF 2008
Percentage in 2004
6.07
4.36
3.87
2.39
2.38
Percentage in 2006
5.39
4.46
3.21
2.38
2.28
Priority Needs and Response Strategy
Major floods in 2008 and continued unrest in Central and Eastern Terai regions reconfirm the
necessity to strengthen emergency preparedness and disaster response capacity of the health care
system in Nepal. Residual impacts of the internal conflict, combined with new natural disasters like
flash floods and potential earthquakes, have increased the magnitude of health needs while the
capacity of the health care system has decreased in delivering essential health services.
The Mid and Far Western Regions, especially the mountain and hill districts, have been heavily
affected by the conflict and chronic shortcomings of the health system have yet to be solved. The
health infrastructure has been damaged; the supply chain of essential drugs and equipment has been
inadequate; health staff has limited capacity and its turn-over rate has been very high, especially in
peripheral health facilities; security problem restricted movements. These all have affected access to
health care.
In spite of the concerted efforts of the health sector partners in 2008, the Koshi River flooding will
continue to be a priority for the Health Cluster activities in 2009. Access to, and quality of, public
health services remains inadequate with the presence of acute diarrhoea, cholera, acute respiratory
infections (ARI), and measles. Reproductive health services for the most vulnerable populations,
namely pregnant and lactating women also remains a challenge.
Counselling services for trauma cases are insufficient and there is virtually no patient referral system.
Children under five years and women of reproductive age remain most vulnerable in emergencies, as
illustrated by maternal, infant, and child mortality rates. Recent population-based estimates reveal
that one in every ten women of reproductive age is suffering from uterine prolapse26, a curable
reproductive health condition which severely impedes the lives of women. Civil unrest and different
armed groups in Nepal are also associated with increased sexual violence and transmission of
sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including HIV/AIDS 27. Physical as well as psycho-social care for
survivors of sexual violence remains largely unaddressed.
In addition, the recent global food price crisis further aggravated the health and nutritional aspects of
vulnerable people already affected by the conflicts and natural disasters, not only decreasing access
to required food but also reducing utilisation of health care services with fewer resources available for
health. In the absence of protection mechanism for health and nutrition, the combined effect may
have serious dimensions for the vulnerable people. A WFP vulnerability assessment indicated that
31% of the surveyed households reported serious illness in the family over the past twelve months,
which could be deteriorated by spending more resources in buying food instead of accessing health
care.
The health cluster approach has been implemented in 2008 through the Emergency Health and
Nutrition Working Group (EHNWG) and should be strengthened also in 2009 for close coordination
among health partners in humanitarian assistance and also development areas.
As Nepal goes through an important political transition, peace building, recovery and reconstruction
are a priority for all sectors including Health. The Ministry of Health and Population is under great
pressure to reactivate the health care facilities and increase the delivery of effective and equitable
health services.
Uterine prolapse is a downward displacement of uterus from its normal location inside the pelvis. It ranges from first to third degree
prolapse, when the uterus extends outside of the body.
27 In Nepal, there is considerable increase in the number of HIV infection since 1996 when conflict started. YOUANDAIDS (2005). Nepal
at a glance: HIV Situation. http://www.youandaids.org/Asia%20Pacific%20at%20a%20Glance/Nepal/index.asp#
scenario cited in HIV and conflict in Nepal: Relation and strategy for response, Karkee R, Shrestha DB, School of Public Health, BP Koirala
Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal Kathmandu University Medical Journal (2006), Vol. 4, No. 3, Issue 15, 363-367
26
31
N E P A L
Strategic Objectives and activities
The overall objectives of health sector is to reduce morbidity, mortality and human suffering caused by
conflicts and natural disasters by providing quality emergency health services to IDPs and host
communities, preventing/controlling outbreaks of communicable and vector-borne diseases, building
the national and peripheral emergency response capacity. The strategic objectives/activities are:

Ensure health coordination between humanitarian and development partners during disaster
response and recovery operation, including strengthening referral services;

Ensure coordination between hospitals for timely health care services;

Support the delivery of essential health care services, especially with regard to reproductive
health, newborn care and HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment to reduce excess mortality and
morbidity;

Provide and preposition essential emergency medicines, equipment and health kits;

Improve access to physical rehabilitation services for disabled people affected by the conflict;

Intensify the disease surveillance and reporting system;

Strengthen the capacity of peripheral level health staff and vulnerable communities by providing
training and capacity-building to upgrade emergency preparedness and response and
preposition key medical and reproductive health kits;

Disseminate key public health messages to prevent and control major causes of communicable
diseases and spread of HIV/AIDS at community level and among displaced populations.
Indicators

Number of information bulletin, coordination meetings, workshops organised to improve the
response operation and to improve the inter sector coordination;

Number of hospitals prepared and the hospital emergency preparedness plan tested;

Number of health facilities installed and maintained in temporary camp settings and disaster
response areas that meet international standard;

Number of emergency health kits pre-positioned;

Number of districts with emergency preparedness and disaster response plan;

Number of districts with ongoing post-disaster surveillance system;

Number of health personnel trained on reproductive health response during emergencies;

Number of hospital capable of managing mass casualties;

Number of tube-wells, toilets installed in the disaster affected areas (will coordinate with WASH
cluster).
Monitoring
The overall response will be monitored through regular EHNWG meetings of health and nutrition
sector. It will review the overall progress, achievements, issues and constraints. Each partner agency
will monitor the progress of its own activities at the field level with district public health office and
ensure a coordinated approach by participating in health sector coordination meetings at the District
Health Office/District Public Health Office (DHO/DPHO) office in districts. The EHNWG will be
monitoring and coordinating from the central level on response activities.
Eight agencies (UN, international and national NGOs) have submitted twelve health proposals under
this sector. Some projects, including essential medicines provision, reproductive health services, and
capacity-building of peripheral health facilities are common objectives shared by several stakeholders.
These will operate on a geographical basis, to increase coverage of needed emergency health actions
in several areas in Nepal. Service delivery by each submitted project proposal will be coordinated to
avoid duplication of effort. Health coordination forums include the EHNWG and the Disaster Health
Working Group.
3.4.E Water and Sanitation
Cluster lead: UNICEF
Agencies participating
International Relief and Development (IRD), DEPROSC, Oxfam, SAPPROS, WHO and UNICEF
Priority Needs and Response Strategy:
Within the purview of the WASH component the following priority needs have been identified and fall
within the strategic objectives adopted for this year’s appeal:
32
N E P A L





7,000 to 8,000 families affected by this year’s floods and residing in temporary camps will
require continued support for access to safe drinking water, sanitation, hygiene information and
items for personal hygiene;
Flood-affected families and communities will require support to repair or replace damaged water
supply and sanitation facilities and will need items for personal hygiene and water purification
until their livelihoods are re-established;
The EDCD has classified 16 hill and mountain districts and 10 Terai districts as high risk for
Acute Gastroenteritis (AGE) outbreaks. Over the period April 2005 to April 2008 there were
39,000 cases and 300 deaths. Medical responses are usually delayed and place an increased
burden (human resources and financial) on the already overstretched government medical
services. There is a need to raise awareness, develop skills and make products readily
available for household water treatment and improving personal hygiene (particularly hand
washing with soap) to reduce the risk;
In three of the past four years major flooding affected 14 Terai districts with inherent risks of
WASH related disease outbreaks. Ten Terai districts have also been identified as high risk for
AGE of which eight overlap with the flood vulnerable ones. To reduce the risk of AGE and
disease outbreaks during floods, capacity and commitment needs to be developed among
district and central government, NGOs and volunteers for quick and effective WASH response
in these districts;
Districts Identified as High Risk for AGE & Floods
Pre-positioned emergency supplies
B
were depleted in the response to the
aj
u Huml
N
floods in August/September 2008 and
ra
Darch
Bajha a
ula
Mugu
need replenishment. The contingency
ng
Baita
di
Jum
plan calls for maintaining a stock of
Dolp
Do
la
Must
a
ti
Jajar
ang
hygiene kits, buckets/jerry cans, and
kot
Kail
Ruku
Mana
T
ali
Myag
m
ng
water purification items required for
a
Bardi
Saly Rolp
di
Gora
Kas
D
pl
ya
an
kha
a
ki
Rasu
h
ej
100,000 people for one month.
Bank
waa Sindh
Dang
u
Dadeldh
ura
Kanchan
pur
A
KaliKo
c
t
h
Daile
h
kh
a
m Surkhe
t
e
Bagl
ung
Gul
mi
P
y
u
t
h
a
n
Lamju
ng
Sya
nja
Tana
hu
Pal
Kapilv Rupan
Chitw
paNawalpa
rasi
dehi
astu
an
Arghakh
achi
Nuwa
di
kot
n
u
Kav
re
Dolak
ha
Sol
u
n
g
Sankhu
wa
To respond to these needs of the floodB
h
S
affected people, WASH Cluster agencies
o
a
Ila
Flood Vulnerable
j
rl
m
intend to maintain a presence in the
p
Districts
a
u
h
r
temporary camps, increase the number of
i
facilities as may be required, ensure the
facilities are kept clean and maintained and that waste water and solid waste is properly managed.
Public health and hygiene information will continually be disseminated and items for personal hygiene
made available as required in the camps and to returning families.
Category A – High
Risk AGE
Makwang
Ppur
R
a B
a
r ar
u
s a
t
a
a
h
a
t
Ramec
hhapOkhaldhun
K
Sindhu ga
li
h
Udaya o
D
pur
h
t
Sirah
a
a
a
Sapt
n
ari n
us
g
a
Tehrath
um Panch
Dhankut thar
a
S
u
n
s
a
ri
M
or
an
g
Jhap
a
Damage assessment to water and sanitation facilities will be completed and support provided to repair
or reinstall facilities that have been damaged or destroyed. Attempts will be made to reconstruct in a
way that leaves the facilities less vulnerable to damage than originally existed.
Communities vulnerable to recurring disasters and WASH related disease outbreaks will be identified,
volunteers selected and trained in the promotion and use of household water treatment products and
good hygiene practices, particularly hand washing with soap. To support the response to a disaster or
disease outbreak, District officials and local NGOs will be trained to manage a WASH response,
mobilise volunteers for water treatment and hygiene promotion and install emergency facilities.
Table of proposed coverage per site
SITE / AREA
Jajarkot, Dolpa, Humla, Kalikot, Jumla, Bhajyang,
Bajura, Doti, Mugu, Baitadi, Achham, Udayapur,
Sankhuwasabha, Khotang, Dolkha and Myagdi
ORGANISATIONS
DEPROSC (repair of damaged WatSan facilities, public
health/hygiene awareness and capacity-building),
SAPPROS (repair of damaged WatSan facilities, public
health/hygiene awareness and capacity-building),
UNICEF (public health/hygiene awareness and
capacity-building)
Banke, Bardiya, Kailali, Kanchanpur, Saptari,
IRD (repair of damaged WatSan facilities, public
Mahottari, Sarlahi, Nawalparasi, Rupandehi, Sunsari, health/hygiene awareness and capacity-building),
Siraha, Dhanusha, Rautahat, Parsa, Bara Kapilvastu, Oxfam (public health/hygiene awareness and capacitybuilding), UNICEF (support to flood displaced
population and repair of damaged WatSan facilities in
Sunsari, public health/hygiene awareness and
capacity-building)
33
N E P A L
Strategic Objectives
The aim of the WASH response is to minimise the risk of water and sanitation related disease
outbreaks, particularly diarrhoea, AGE and cholera. By the end of 2009 the WASH cluster intends to
meet the following objectives:

Ensure adequate safe water, latrines, private bathing facilities for women and girls, sufficient
items for personal hygiene, and clean and sanitary environment for all flood displaced persons
residing in camps in Sunsari and Saptari for six months or until resettlement occurs;

Re-establish to full operation all flood damaged water supply and sanitation facilities in Sunsari
and the flood-affected districts of the Mid and Far Western Regions;

Increase knowledge and skills of at least two local NGOs per district and 20 volunteers per VDC
(20) on emergency household water purification, hygiene promotion and sanitation in 14 flood
vulnerable Terai districts to reduce the risk of disease outbreak following a disaster;

Increase knowledge and skills of at least two local NGOs per district and 20 volunteers per VDC
(15) on emergency household water purification, hygiene promotion and sanitation in two Terai
and 16 hill districts where water/sanitation related disease outbreak occurs each year;

Increase government and humanitarian organisations’ capacity and commitment (30 staff
trained) to effectively manage a disaster response, including replenishment of pre-positioned
WASH relief supplies: hygiene kits, public health/Hygiene information and promotion materials,
buckets/jerry cans, and water purification items for 100,000 people for one month.
Indicators

Number of facilities installed and maintained (water supply points, latrines, bathing facilities) in
temporary camps that meet Sphere standards;

Number of families receiving information and training on public health/hygiene messages and
practices;

Number of water and sanitation facilities repaired and population benefited;

Number of volunteers and NGOs trained and available for emergency public health/hygiene
promotion in number of high risk communities;

Number of agencies and technical persons trained and available in WASH disaster response.
Monitoring
The overall response will be monitored through quarterly meetings of the WASH Cluster working
group. It will review overall progress, achievements and constraints and refine objectives and
indicators in line with constraints affecting implementation and other issues. Each agency will monitor
the progress of its own activities at the field level and ensure a coordinated approach by participating
in informal coordination group meetings in the districts. Monitoring and assessment of the local
situation will be coordinated with various partners through the regular submission and sharing of
information from field-based workers.
3.4.F Emergency Education
Cluster Leads: UNICEF and Save the Children
Agencies participating: UNICEF, Save the Children (SC), World Education, Centre for Child Workers
in Nepal (CWIN), and Teachers’ Unions
Priority Needs and Response Strategy
Impact of conflict and social tensions on education
Conflict and social tensions in the post conflict transition period are affecting schools and children’s
access to education, especially in the Terai districts. Political groups have recruited students, called
for strikes, intimidate and extort teachers and education officials, and held political rallies and
demonstrations during school time. The Department of Education reports that many teachers are
requesting transfers out of the eastern Terai districts. Some districts have experienced a high
turnover of education staff due to harassment and intimidation. Schools in some districts of the
eastern Terai have been closed for more than 100 days out of 220 of the school year, which will affect
children’s learning achievements.
UNICEF with partners has been implementing a pilot project, Schools as Zones of Peace at national
and local levels during the insurgency and the transition period, involving local community facilitators
convening negotiations with stakeholders including political parties, community groups, teachers
union, and others, to create of codes of conduct for participating schools, agreed on by all
34
N E P A L
stakeholders, to maintain schools as zones of peace. Ensuring continuous access to education in this
charged political environment is necessary to guarantee children’s right to education as well as
maintain normal routines for children.
Civil society coalitions have been mobilised to keep the conflict out of schools, and included the use of
local media. While this programme has been partially successful, it needs to be scaled up to more
districts and schools and requires greater involvement from political parties, the Ministry of Peace and
Reconstruction, and expanded advocacy and policy initiatives.
Education cluster preparedness
Initiatives have been taken by UNICEF, Save the Children, the government and other partners to
strengthen education cluster preparedness to respond to natural disasters and conflict though a
number of activities, including capacity mapping, stockpiling of education supplies, preparedness
training for three regions and 30 districts most vulnerable to flooding, and development of common
assessment and monitoring tools.
The training proved to be successful prior to the 2008 floods in that it raised awareness among district
and regional education officers and other local first responders of the importance of education as a
humanitarian response and enhanced the involvement of the district education officers and district
level education cluster members in a significantly faster and more coordinated response to the Terai
flooding. The cluster coordination and enhanced understanding of education needs led to the
relatively quick provision of safe spaces for primary and Early Childhood Development (ECD) children
and temporary classrooms for host community children displaced from their schools by IDPs.
However, more preparedness measures are needed at the country and district levels to enhance
education preparedness and disaster mitigation. Enhanced cluster coordination, with agreements
about roles and responsibilities needs to be further determined. Memorandums of Understanding
(MOUs) should be created for this purpose. Increased stockpiling of education supplies is required to
meet the needs of students since the 2008 levels were insufficient and the ordering and deployment
time is too long.
There is also a need for further capacity-building at the district level in the flood prone regions, as well
as training for earthquake preparedness in the Kathmandu Valley and other seismically vulnerable
regions. Disaster risk reduction policies and practices needs to be enacted as well from government
level to district, school and classroom levels.
Strategic Objectives

Strengthen the education cluster’s capacity for preparedness and response by building
government and civil society capacity and strengthen cluster partnerships at national and district
levels;

Develop and implement disaster risk reduction policies and practices in the education system;

Enhance the education cluster’s tools for education response by improving protocols and
processes in the following areas: assessment, teaching and learning materials, education
supplies, psychosocial support, teacher mobilisation and training, and rehabilitation of schools;

Strengthen the education cluster capacity through scaling up of training for district level
education clusters in disaster and conflict vulnerable areas;

Strengthen cluster coordination in rapid deployment of education supplies;

Ensure access to education in conflict and politicised environments through policies and
practices promoting schools as zones of peace.
Activities

Implement education emergency preparedness and response training for education clusters in
20-30 additional districts;

Implement preparedness measures to enhance capacity to provide safe spaces for children in
emergencies, including provision of facilitator training and stockpiling of safe space educational
and psychosocial materials;

Procure education supplies to stockpile in regional storage facilities;

Create and implement disaster risk reduction curriculum in schools;

Develop, print and stockpile teaching and learning materials for literacy and numeracy;

Scale up schools as zones of peace programmes in an additional 10 districts;

Evaluate education assessment and monitoring tools and standardise tools with cluster
partners;
35
N E P A L

Develop communication and information sharing and management systems for the education
cluster;
Indicators

Emergency education response plans completed for at least 20 districts;

Cadre of trained space spaces facilitators;

10,000 child kits, 300 school kits and 200 ECD kits stockpiled in three regions and Kathmandu;

10 additional districts have and adhere to schools as zones of peace codes of conduct;

Standard assessment and monitoring tools agreed on in all education cluster agencies.
Monitoring
The emergency education focal points in UNICEF and SC will monitor the indicator and objectives on
a quarterly basis. There will be quarterly meetings of the country level education cluster to plan and
implement the objectives and monitoring information will be shared at the quarterly meetings as well
as through email communication. The government emergency education focal point will attend
meetings.
Table of Proposed Coverage
Location
Mid and Far West Region
Eastern Region
Kathmandu Valley
Eastern Region (Terai)
Organisation
Save Alliance, UNICEF, NGO partners, District Election Officers
(DEOs)
Save Alliance, UNICEF, NGO partners, DEOs
Save Alliance, UNICEF, Teachers Union, Department of Education
UNICEF, World Education, CWIN
3.4.G Camp Coordination and Camp Management (CCCM)
Cluster lead: International Organization for Migration (IOM)
Agencies participating
Oxfam, Koshi Victims Society (KVS), NRC, IFRC, WFP, UNICEF, WHO, Habitat for Humanity, OCHA,
and Disaster Preparedness Network (DP-net)
Priority Needs and Response Strategy:
The CCCM was activated in response to the Koshi floods of 18 August 2008, which displaced more
than 70,000 individuals in the districts of Sunsari and Saptari in Eastern Nepal. The priority needs for
the CCCM cluster in 2009 is to continue to assist the GoN in addressing urgent humanitarian needs of
the approximately 25,000 people who are expected to remain in camp and camp like environments
until more durable solutions such as sustainable returns and early recovery programmes are
implemented.
Providing a stabilised environment will allow indigenous coping mechanisms to
become established and will also significantly facilitate a safe, voluntary, orderly, and dignified returns
process. Concurrently, the cluster will continue to gather and analyse information at camp and camplike settings including location, population, vulnerability, access and adequacy of services, and other
key indicators identified by the CCCM cluster.
As a Cluster lead, IOM is obliged both to support inter-agency partners in coordination and capacitybuilding as well as guidance/tool support to develop its own preparedness measures required for a
more effective and efficient response. Furthermore, CCCM is a cross-cutting cluster and is linked to
the other sectors and clusters in order to meet its stated goals. Therefore, as the cluster lead, IOM
also needs to ensure a role with other clusters in order to support a coordinated and effective
response.
Specific activities include:

Conducting necessary assessments and ensuring effective strategies are in place in Nepal;

Building consensus with partners (NGOs, UN, IFRC and governments);

Developing and improving policy, guidance tools and standard-setting;

Conduct Sphere and Camp Management Training to increase the capacity of stakeholders to
respond to CCCM challenges.
Further to making linkages from humanitarian to early recovery strategies for the affected populations,
the CCCM will also seek to support the GoN, and all relevant stakeholders, in capacity-building in
disaster preparedness providing forms to address lessons learnt from previous emergencies and
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apply these lessons to an extensive mock emergency exercise centred around CCCM guidelines and
principles in the capital of Kathmandu.
Strategic Objectives

Continue to address the urgent humanitarian needs of approximately 25,000 individuals residing
in camps and camp-like environments due to the 2008 Koshi floods making linkages to durable
solutions and early recovery programming;

Enhance the capacity of the government and organisations to respond to natural disasters
leading to population movements and camps situations;

The CCCM cluster will be ready for activation and operate in an effective and coordinated
manner, through contingency planning.
Indicators

All of the affected population are residing in recognised and accessible camps receiving
adequate humanitarian assistance and have established camp management structures;

On-going needs are continually tracked and addressed through national and field level
coordination mechanisms among all sectors;

All IDPs are targeted for early recovery programming;

National actors in Sunsari and Saptari are provided with training on disaster preparedness;

Forums are established to draw on lessons learned from previous humanitarian disaster
responses to develop a best practices model for contingency planning purposes and develop a
mock emergency exercise in Kathmandu which will seek to increase the capacity of all actors
on CCCM guidelines and operational principles.
Table of proposed coverage per site
SITE / AREA
Saptari
Sunsari
Kathmandu
ORGANISATIONS
Oxfam, KVS, NRCS, NRC, IOM
IOM, NRCS, KVS, NRC,
WFP, Oxfam, IFRC, WHO, UNICEF, OCHA, UNDP, FAO, UNOHR, NRC, NRCS, DPNet, IOM
Monitoring

Monitoring of the on-going needs of the displaced communities will be captured in the
Displacement Tracking Matrix which isolates, site location, demographics, gaps in humanitarian
services;

Mapping tools will also be produced from the Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) which
demonstrate areas of displacement, and gaps in service delivery;

Survey of camps undertaken to capture durable solutions for the displacement communities
linking them to existing early recovery programmes;

Periodic review and reflection involving all partners to the CCCM.
Areas
Saptari and Sunsari
Total
Category
IDPs
Female
Male
Grand total
Affected population
25,000
12,500
12,500
25,000
Beneficiary population
25,000
25,000
3.4.H Shelter
Cluster lead: UN-HABITAT
Emergency Shelter: IFRC (Convenor)
Agencies participating
Habitat for Humanity International Nepal (HFHIN), NRC , National Society for Earthquake Technology
(NSET), Shelter and Low Cost Technology Centre (SLTDC), Lumanti Support Group for Shelter, and
the NRCS
Overview of priority needs and response strategy
Nepal has been facing internal displacement of population every year due to disasters such as floods,
landslides, extended winters and droughts, and earthquakes and conflict in the last decade. Shelter is
one of the most important needs for the affected population. However, there is not much attention and
priority given to the shelter needs whether it is temporary, transitional or longer term.
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The Koshi River flooding displaced at least 50,000 people, who have been taking shelter in 28
different temporary shelter camps and camp like shelters. It was observed that up to 22 persons were
living in one tent at a time. Each displaced family cook food near their tents and shelters are adjoined
with each other. This situation has raised the risk of other disasters such as fire/suffocation in the
camp area. Similarly, protection concerns have been observed, particularly for women, in the shelter
camps. A few cases of attempted sexual abuse have been reported as well28. Therefore, it is
imperative to address shelter needs whether temporary, transitional or permanent, in a way that
protects families and meets their basic needs.
Currently, affected families from Koshi and western Kailali floods urgently require support for shelter
materials, shelter repair, and non-food items in addition to emergency relief (emergency shelter,
blankets, water containers, clothing, lighting, cooking utensils, bedding etc.) already provided during
the emergency response to the Koshi embankment breach. There is a need to continue the current
coordination of activities with the GoN to meet international standards for site planning and those
affected persons returning to or near their place of origin are able to do so with dignity, safety and
appropriate provisions to re-establish their livelihood. The continuing coordination will attempt to
ensure the protection of vulnerable populations, prevent outbreaks of disease, and maintain peace
and order in the sites.
Immediate shelter assistance to flood/landslide victims is acknowledged as critical for families to cope
with the effects of a disaster. Yet, the need for this assistance could be mitigated if appropriate shelter
were situated away from flood and landslide-prone areas. Therefore, the Shelter Cluster has a twopronged strategy - to respond as well as to mitigate the effects of a disaster, as specified in the
framework of the Nepal National Disaster Risk Reduction Strategy.
Many homes and infrastructure facilities in Nepal are vulnerable to natural disasters due to the
temporary nature of the construction and their location in disaster-prone areas. Therefore, recovery
and prevention planning must be integrated to include shelter and basic infrastructure that withstands
various weather conditions and natural disasters.
In a nutshell the ongoing shelter response strategy should be (a) preventive and (b) curative with
preventive components. Preventive implies revitalisation of vulnerable settlements, evacuation from
vulnerable areas where revitalisation is not possible and resettlement. Curative implies providing
immediate assistance, transitional assistance (short term) and links to permanent assistance (long
term). Especially in case of the Koshi and Kailali flood the shelter needs has to be addressed by (a)
shelter assistance to returnees (b) resettlement of those who cannot return because of various
reasons and (c) shelter assistance to host families. The programme focus should be to build safe or
‘build back better’ option with improved construction techniques, so that the shelter or settlements are
no longer vulnerable to future disasters.
Whatever assistance will be provided has to be demand driven and led by a process where focussed
groups of both displaced and host communities, including women, children and the elderly, will define
programme design and delivery, including needs assessment. These groups will also be central to the
monitoring and evaluation strategy. Implementation partners with the expertise and geographical
coverage will be identified through the working group. Reponses will be based on assessments that
prioritise local capacity and the use of local materials and resources. Capacity of existing disaster
response committees and mechanisms will be strengthened and enhanced so that they can play their
roles effectively and efficiently.
Table of proposed coverage per site
SITE / AREA
Saptari, Sunsari and
Kailali
ORGANISATIONS
UN –HABITAT, NRC, NSET, and HFHIN, SLTDC, Lumanti Support Group for Shelter,
NRCS and national counterparts and central and local level and community
organisations
Objectives

Rehabilitate vulnerable families displaced by flooding in an integrated manner, ensuring basic
needs such as shelter, education, health and hygiene, water, sanitation, public facilities and
infrastructure are provided so that they can resume normal life without fear of recurrent
disasters;
28
ActionAid Nepal/ Co-Action Nepal, 2008
38
N E P A L







Provide immediate, cost effective housing solutions to disaster affected people, ensuring
accommodation and support in accordance with established norms and standard to families and
individuals who are returning;
Ensure shelter assistance complements the efforts of the GoN and provide advice where
required;
Assist those affected households in a way that will benefit the family, the community, and the
government’s efforts to reinforce existing coping mechanisms;
Develop shelter initiatives to ensure appropriate and equitable shelter assistance across the
affected populations in line with strategies developed by the GoN;
Provide domestic relief and basic essential non-food items and emergency shelter materials
including repair materials, in particular to those affected by natural disasters;
Support community in building resilience through capacity-building/skills training and awareness
programmes on disaster preparedness;
Optimise resource allocation through accurate target group identification.
Indicators

Number of families with access to safe and adequate shelter;

Percentage of non-returnees families resettled;

Percentage of displaced persons and families assessed to need emergency shelter and who
receive emergency shelter materials or assistance to secure accommodation;

Percentage of persons and families to need emergency domestic and non-food items and who
receive appropriate items;

Number of families returning home consider themselves safe;

Number of persons benefited from skill training and awareness raising activities;

Beneficiary families will be able to withstand various weather conditions (monsoon/landslide
etc);

Activities well implemented coordinated among partners and monitored.
Monitoring
Monitoring will need regular coordination between implementing partners, including government
partners, to ensure the coherent identification of affected families. The overall response will be
monitored through regular shelter cluster meetings. The cluster will review the overall progress,
achievements, issues and constraints. Implementing agencies will monitor the progress at field level
and will work with local level stakeholders. Lead agency will be monitoring and coordinating from
central level on response activities.
Lessons learned will be shared among sector partners, and the working group will update programme
objectives and implementation methodologies based on monitoring results and continued needs
assessments. Agencies will share information about actions planned undertaken. Shelter assistance
will be delivered on the basis of assessed needs and to a common standard. All indicators will be
disaggregated along gender and age, as well as according to caste and ethnic divisions if necessary.
In addition a participatory monitoring and evaluation tool will be developed where by beneficiary
families can be engaged in monitoring activities.
3.4.I Refugees
Priority Needs and Response Strategy
Nepal has not signed the 1951 Convention on Refugees or the 1967 Protocol, and there are no
regional or domestic refugee laws in place, aside from caseload-specific (and incomplete)
administrative directives. Refugees and asylum seekers who are not covered by the above-mentioned
specific directives are considered by the GoN as illegal aliens under the Immigration Act. Presently,
there are more than 125,000 refugees and other persons of concern to UNHCR in Nepal, divided
among three major groups distinguished by country of origin.
Currently, the largest group consists of 103,000 refugees from Bhutan who have been living in seven
camps in eastern Nepal’s Jhapa and Morang district. The refugees from Bhutan have been assisted
by the GoN, UNHCR, WFP and the international community since the early 1990s when the majority
first arrived in Nepal. The average household size is approximately seven persons; the male to
female ratio is 51:49; persons four years and under constitute 8% of the population; persons between
five and 17 years of age constitute 26%; 18-59 years of age constitute 59% of the total population; and
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those 60 years of age and above are around 7% of the population. The refugees are required to
reside in one of seven camps in order to be entitled to basic humanitarian and material assistance.
Those refugees who are registered with the GoN who opt to live outside the camps are entitled to
protection.
Durable solutions for the Bhutanese refugees have been long in coming. The bilateral process
between Nepal and Bhutan to find solutions for the refugees stalled in 2003 with no progress since. In
2005, the international community began to urge two Governments to take concrete steps towards
solutions, including allowing refugees to depart on resettlement. With the support of the international
community, in July 2006, the GoN agreed to a joint UNHCR/GoN census of the camps and then in
November 2007, to the start of a large-scale resettlement programme for the refugees from Bhutan.
The United States of America has committed to receive 60,000 or more refugees on resettlement;
Canada has offered 5,000 places over the next five years; and other countries including, Australia,
Denmark, the Netherlands, Norway and New Zealand, have indicated their willingness to provide
resettlement places to this population as well.
Large scale resettlement departures began in March 2008. During the first year of the resettlement
activities (November 2007 – December 2008), UNHCR submitted over 30,000 individuals for
resettlement of which over 8,000 have already departed for seven different resettlement countries.
In 2009, UNHCR anticipates referring another 24,000 persons for resettlement, and working together
with IOM, expects that 16,000 – 18,000 persons will depart throughout the course of 2009. In parallel,
UNHCR will continue promoting other durable solutions, including repatriation to Bhutan. Meanwhile,
the population in camps will remain dependent on the assistance from the international community as
they are legally barred from working in Nepal. For the moment, protection and assistance needs of
this population remain largely unchanged.
The second group of persons under UNHCR’s mandate in Nepal are Tibetan refugees and others of
concern who number approximately 20,000. The Tibetan refugees arrived in Nepal before 1990 and
were granted prima facie refugee status by the GoN. However, their legal status in the country
remains inadequate for a full-fledged and durable local integration. UNHCR’s strategy is intended to
achieve progressive improvements in registration of vital events and the issuance of identity
documents which should lead to additional protection for the members of this group.
Tibetans arriving after 1990 are not considered as refugees by the GoN and are not permitted to
remain in Nepal. New arrivals are assessed to determine if they are of concern to UNHCR and their
transit in Nepal and onward travel to third countries is facilitated by UNHCR. They require food,
shelter, and other care during their transit through Nepal, provided by UNHCR. UNHCR assists
around 2,500 individuals annually in this way.
The third group consists of some 300 asylum-seekers and refugees from various other countries who
are concentrated in Kathmandu. All asylum seekers are registered and their claims are assessed by
UNHCR during an individual refugee status determination procedure. As they are not permitted to
work or access national services, they require material support during their stay in Nepal such as living
allowances and medical care. They are considered illegal aliens in Nepal, and therefore subject to of
significant visa overstay fees should they wish to depart on repatriation or resettlement.
Strategic Objectives
The key objective with regard to the Bhutanese refugees and asylum-seekers is to bring an end to
their protracted situation in the camps through durable solutions, including through third-country
resettlement while continuing to ensure their protection in the refugee camps in eastern Nepal.
The key objective with regard to Tibetan persons of concern is prevention of refoulement and
facilitating their safe transit to a third country. With regard to Tibetan refugees in Nepal, UNHCR aims
to facilitate registration related issues, including the issuance of vital event certificates and identity
documents to all qualified persons.
The key objective with regard to the urban refugees and asylum-seekers is to provide international
protection under UNHCR’s mandate and ensure that adequate legal and physical protection is
available in Nepal. Resettlement may be necessary for those for whom additional protection is
needed pending identification of a durable solution.
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Within the framework of the above strategic objective, the key actions to be undertaken in 2009 are:

Provide international protection to all refugees in Nepal;

Facilitate large-scale resettlement of approximately 18,000 refugees originating from Bhutan in
close collaboration with core group countries and the GoN;

Provide protection and assistance to new arrivals (Tibetan persons of concern) while transiting
through Nepal to a third country;

Promote the development of a national protection regime in accordance with international
standards;

Provide international protection and durable solutions to individual asylum seekers and mandate
refugees, while also addressing the physical protection needs of the most vulnerable.
Programme planning and response will be undertaken through a multi-sectoral / multi-lateral
approach, bringing together the operational and protection aspects of assessed needs, as well as
efforts and insights of all partners. Refugees are involved in all aspects of response planning and
implementation and a variety of mechanisms have been established to achieve this. For the refugees
from Bhutan the response must cover all aspects of their needs including food, health, education,
shelter, water, sanitation, prevention and response to sexual and gender-based violence, as well as
legal counselling and representation. The camps will continue to be administered by the GoN
(through the Ministry of Home Affairs) with the extensive support of UNHCR and WFP. Under the
GoN‘s supervision, the camps will be managed by the Camp Management Committee (CMC)
established in each camp, comprising elected representatives from the refugee community.
Services in the camps will be gradually adjusted to the changing numbers of refugees, with greater
emphasis on training of refugee staff in replacement of those who will have departed to third countries
and with an increased focus on supporting refugee hosting communities. UNHCR will initiate projects
in health care and education sectors so that as the camp population declines, essential services can
be assured by a gradual integration into the national framework.
The promotion of protection principles and the identification/implementation of durable solutions
demand a coordinated effort between the GoN, UN agencies, donors, the refugees and NGO partners.
The urban population is also heavily dependent on external inputs as they have no opportunities for
self-reliance in the current situation; with the changing demographics of this group, the growing
educational and psycho-social needs must be also addressed. The facilitation of the transit of Tibetan
persons of concern through Nepal is to be implemented with local resources and volunteers, while the
conditions of those who are permitted to reside in Nepal will be carefully monitored and their continued
protection concerns addressed. In that regard registration exercise for all Tibetans in Nepal will be
carried out.
UNHCR Kathmandu conducts refugee status determination (RSD) of the urban asylum seekers.
Upon recognition, refugees are assessed for their particular protection needs, and assistance and
protection is provided accordingly. Status determination was suspended upon request of the GoN
since March 2007; UNHCR continues its dialogue with the authorities to resume RSD in cooperation
with Government.
Key Partners
The organisations participating in this sector and their complementary activities are:
Government:
National Unit for Coordination of Refugee Affairs (NUCRA), within the Ministry of Home Affairs will
carry out screening, registration, camp administration, security, census activities and documentation of
the refugees from Bhutan and will coordinate all refugee issues on behalf of GoN. The operational
and administrative costs incurred by the Ministry of Home Affairs will be funded by UNHCR.
Tribhuvan University, Department of Law Faculty: promotional activities and continuation of refugee
law subject in LLM and LLB courses.
UN Agencies:
WFP: supply of basic and supplementary food to the refugees from Bhutan. WFP will also continue to
provide funding for vocational skills training and kitchen garden support.
UNHCR: Protection, monitoring and coordination of the refugee programme as well as implementation
of multi-sector assistance through I/NGOs.
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N E P A L
United Nations Volunteers (UNV): provision for International and National UNVs to support the refugee
operation in Nepal.
United Nations Operational Project Services (UNOPS): deployment of International and national
UNOPS staff to support the refugee operation in Nepal.
IOM: responsible for all practical arrangements related to resettlement of refugees following
submission by UNHCR to a resettlement country. This includes medical examinations and departure
logistics.
I/NGO partners:
Presently there is one international NGO (Lutheran World Federation) and five NGOs (AMDANepal, Caritas-Nepal, Nepal Bar Association /Jhapa Unit, Forum for Protection of Public Interest,
Transcultural Psychosocial Organization Nepal) who are closely collaborating on the refugee
assistance programme; the existing implementation modality is expected to continue in the year
2009.
Outputs/Indicators

Number of cases of refoulement and/or deportation of refugees, asylum seekers and others of
concern;

Percentage of refugees for whom a durable solution is identified and achieved;

Number of new asylum seekers or other arrivals who have their status assessed and are
recognised as a person of concern;

Delivery of relief items on a timely and appropriate basis to persons of concern;

Level of mortality rate, malnutrition, literacy rate among the refugees and population of concern
compares favourably with the corresponding indicators of the host country;

Percentage of refugees, asylum seekers and others of concern registered in accordance with
international standards and provided with identity documents, and civil registration documents
such as birth, death, and marriage certificates;

Performance against indicators for health, education, water, sanitation, shelter, protection, and
well-being in refugee or similar situations;

Percentage of women and girls participating in refugee representational bodies, graduating from
school, working as teachers or in medical facilities in the refugee camps, and percentage of
cases of sexual and GBV where adequate and appropriate redress and support is achieved.
Monitoring
Monitoring will be coordinated by UNHCR offices in Kathmandu and Damak. Durable Solutions,
Protection, Programme and Community Services staff in Damak visit all seven camps on daily basis.
In Kathmandu, urban refugees and asylum seekers are also met on a regular basis. Conditions at the
Tibetan Reception Centre (TRC) are monitored weekly, and the daily update of arrivals and
departures is coordinated with staff at the centre. UNHCR will lead standard setting for protection and
assistance for the refugees, asylum seekers, and others of concern, working closely with the Ministry
of Home Affairs as well as WFP, other relevant UN organisation as well as partners working in the
refugee operation.
3.4.J Disaster Preparedness
Priority Needs and Response Strategy:
Recurrent natural hazards including floods, landslides, drought, fire, windstorm, hailstorm, epidemics,
glacial lake outbursts and avalanches cause enormous economic damage and loss of life. Floods in
2008 will cost an estimated $74 million in recovery and rehabilitation, according to the UN-Asian
Development Bank (ADB) damage and needs assessment (November 2008).
Nepal lies in one of the world's most seismically active zones and is the most at-risk country in Asia.
According to a recent study, a person living in Kathmandu, the capital of Nepal, is about nine times
more likely to be killed by an earthquake than a person living in Islamabad and about 60 times more
likely than a person living in Tokyo.29 Statistically, Nepal expects two earthquakes of magnitude 7.5-8
on the Richter scale every 40 years and one earthquake of magnitude of 8+ on the Richter scale every
29
Global Earthquake Safety Initiative (GESI), Pilot Project GeoHazards International United Nations Centre for Regional Development
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N E P A L
80 years. The last great earthquake to strike Nepal was in 1934, with a magnitude of 8.3 Richter. A
2002 disaster scenario produced by a study made by the Japan International Cooperation Agency
(JICA) estimates that a 7.5 magnitude earthquake in Kathmandu would cause 40,000 casualties and
80% of all hospitals would be destroyed. Studies of recent large earthquakes show that death rates
are highest where per capita GNP is low and corruption is high, as is the case in Nepal.
Floods and landslides are the major seasonal disasters in Nepal, which causes thousands of people to
be displaced or become landless each year. In August 2008, Sunsari district in eastern Nepal was
flooded due to a breach in the embankment of the Koshi River affecting more than 70,000 people.
More than 50,000 were displaced; the majority of which may not be able to return to their villages at
least for the next six months. During the September flash floods in western Nepal 30, more than
180,000 people were displaced, thousands of livestock perished, and thousands of hectares of paddy
fields were washed out. Almost 90% of those displaced in western Nepal have returned. However,
there is a pressing need for continued support, especially in the areas of early recovery, rehabilitation
and reconstruction and ensuring they include disaster risk reduction in their strategies and activities.
The successful planning and implementation of all of this requires the availability of disaggregated
data to support the identification of needs particularly of the most vulnerable groups including pregnant
and lactating women, adolescents and children.
Early recovery and rehabilitation provide an opportunity to strengthen disaster preparedness
initiatives, to ensure that vulnerabilities are not reproduced, and to mitigate future risks.
Disasters in 2008 underline the need to establish a National Emergency Operations Centre (EOC) for
commanding response activities, disaster information management and database preparedness; and
conducting periodical simulation exercises at national and regional levels in partnership with private
enterprise, donors, United Nations agencies and other stakeholders.
Key Disaster Risk Management (DRM) needs in Nepal
Due to political and socio-economic reasons, Nepal has not yet achieved an adequate level of disaster
preparedness. Since Nepal has a high level risk of being impacted by several natural hazards, it is
imperative now that comprehensive disaster risk management activities are implemented.

Institutional Framework for Disaster Management
Nepal does not yet have a national disaster office with full-time staff dedicated to disaster
management. There is a need to ensure coordination and implementation of the full spectrum of
disaster management activities (vulnerability assessment, contingency planning, training, simulation
exercises, etc.), not only relief efforts.
Lessons learnt from recent seasonal disasters indicate that the capacities of local agencies need to be
strengthened so that emergency preparedness initiatives are in place and relief responses are better
designed and targeted in line with international standards, and better coordinated at the field level with
international response actors. The Nepal IASC is working with the government to strengthen
coordination at both central and field levels. DRM activities should target the strengthening of
government’s coordination capacities as well as advocate for effective preparedness and risk
reduction activities, both at the government and international levels.

Contingency Planning
There have been recent efforts in Nepal to develop earthquake disaster scenarios (NSET, GHI and
JICA); however, an Earthquake Response Plan has not yet been completed. IASC Cluster response
plans need to be further developed with governmental counterparts, especially at the district level.
Contingency plans need to be designed, existing plans regularly reviewed, updated, and tested and all
plans should be compatible. This can only be done through an on-going contingency planning
process.

Simulation Exercises
Once contingency plans are designed, they should be tested through simulation exercises. An
opportunity to test the response in Nepal will be the INSARAG (International Search and Rescue
Advisory Group) exercise that will test responders and plans for an earthquake scenario in April 2009.
30
UN Nepal Information Platform, “Mid/Far-Western Floods 2008”, URL: http://www.un.org.np/floods/floods-west.php
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
Coordination during emergencies and disasters
A well-coordinated response necessitates having one organisation in charge of coordinating all
operations: this is a National EOC where Disaster Management authorities and other key national and
international responders should meet to coordinate and share information for an optimal response. A
national EOC has yet to be established in Nepal. A safe and accessible venue must be identified to
locate the Centre, it then needs to be equipped and staffed.

Community-based disaster preparedness and response.
Local communities most at risk are usually the first to respond. Investment in community awareness
and disaster risk management capacity at the local level will have the greatest impact. Activities such
as assessing vulnerability and improving response capacity (i.e. early warning, evacuation) are a
priority.
This appeal addresses key disaster management needs through clear and objective activities that aim
to contribute to the improvement of disaster management in Nepal.
Ongoing Initiatives
UNDP supported drafting of the ‘National Strategy for Disaster Risk Management’ (NSDRM) in
November 2007. The NSDRM aims to facilitate fulfilment of the commitments made by Nepal towards
Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) under the Hyogo Framework of Action (HFA) 2005-2015. The
NSDRM has yet to be approved by the Cabinet. UNDP has prepared a proposal for the establishment
and operations of a National Emergency Operations Centre. The Government is willing to establish
the EOC.
A draft Nepal IASC Contingency Plan was developed in 2008. It needs to be updated and linked to
government contingency plans. OCHA will provide support to the government to produce specific
contingency plans.
While responding to this year’s seasonal disasters, the government aligned its response along the
IASC cluster mechanism. Humanitarian response agencies felt that the quality of response had
improved compared to previous years. However, logistical challenges remain, complicated by ad hoc
information management, lack of adequate disaggregated data and, in the Terai districts (southern
part of Nepal bordering India), by security issues and denial of access to development and
humanitarian agencies by various armed groups.
Strategic Objectives

Advocate for the approval of the NSDRM by Cabinet and its adoption by the GoN. This would
lead to the establishment of the needed disaster risk management institutional framework and
better coordination of DRM activities throughout the country;

Promote an on-going contingency planning process. Design contingency plans (at national and
district levels) and update existing plans. Test and update through simulation exercises;

Provide support to the Government for managing the INSARAG exercise in April 2009 and
ensure participation/cooperation from national, regional and international organisations (South
Asian Association for Regional Cooperation-Disaster Management Committee (SAARC–DMC),
Disaster Preparedness of ECHO (DipECHO), Asian Disaster Reduction Centre (ADRC), Asian
Urban Disaster Mitigation Programme (ADPC), Centre for Integrated Mountain Development
(ICIMOD), NSET, etc.);

Establish the National EOC with agreed Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) to ensure
coordination during emergencies and disasters in the country;

Build disaster management capacity at the community level and raise awareness on disaster
preparedness, early warning, response and relief, and mainstream DRM activities into the
development initiatives and collection of disaggregated data through the Community-based
Disaster Preparedness (CBDP) programme.
Indicators

NSDRM is approved and implementation started. Establishment of the Disaster Management
institutional framework at all levels;

Capacity of Government authorities, especially at local level, is increased on disaster
preparedness, early warning, response, relief and in collection of disaggregated data in
emergencies;

Contingency Plans designed, updated and tested;

INSARAG exercise held and regional cooperation observed;
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N E P A L



EOC is established with clear roles and responsibilities, and SOPs are drafted and shared;
CBDP (Community-based disaster preparedness) projects are implemented and managed;
DRM activities are incorporated in humanitarian projects.
Monitoring
A series of workshops and lesson learning exercise will be conducted. Other tools like field
observation, sharing workshops, project reports are also part of the monitoring process.
3.4.K Coordination
Priority Needs and Response Strategy
Nepal’s political transition, while largely successful, is yet to bring about tangible changes in the lives
of the average Nepali citizen. Rural populations continue to face a plethora of humanitarian
challenges – food insecurity, malnutrition, protection concerns, risks of explosive devices, inadequate
health facilities and services, inadequate water and sanitation facilities, and lack of local structures for
emergency preparedness and response. While the government is meeting political and peacebuilding challenges, the humanitarian community needs to continue providing urgent, life-saving
support, continue to advocate for efforts to reduce vulnerability, and act as a bridge to longer term
recovery and rehabilitation efforts.
With a marked increase in international aid agencies in Nepal over the past two years, there was a
corresponding increase in the need for coordination services and products. Partners also seek
strategic coordination to reduce duplication and cover gaps and to render their programmes more
effective. Humanitarian agencies also recognised the need for coordinated advocacy around
humanitarian principles and protection concerns. The HC convenes a country-level IASC to support
common planning efforts. OCHA supports the HC and the IASC in Kathmandu, and facilitates
regional coordination in Eastern and Mid- and Far Western Nepal with sub-offices in Biratnagar and
Nepalgunj. With the recent floods, OCHA set up additional satellite offices in eastern and western
regions.
In line with the Humanitarian Reform, and to strengthen inter-agency Coordination and response, the
HC proposed that the IASC formalise the cluster approach in Nepal. Cluster leads had to take on
additional coordination responsibilities and challenges, which necessitates additional human and
financial resources to manage effectively. Resources to improve coordination and response
preparedness within clusters are reflected in cluster strategies.
The technical capacity of OCHA’s information management is leveraged in support of advocacy and
the coordination of humanitarian issues.
This includes monitoring violations of the BOGs
(humanitarian principles and operational space), mapping hazards, vulnerability and risk, security
incidents and trends. Use of standard tools and visual representation of key data will continue to
enhance coordination activities. In Kathmandu, OCHA works with United Nations agencies, the GoN,
donors, international and local NGOs to support contingency planning, humanitarian advocacy and
development of common strategies. OCHA supports humanitarian analysis with an information
management unit and has expanded its mapping services to share with key partners through
numerous channels, including the OCHA-managed Nepal Information Platform – www.un.org.np.
The GoN has invited the HC and OCHA to attend certain Central Disaster Relief Committee (CDRC)
meetings and to support the government disaster coordination efforts. Besides promoting intersectoral and inter-agency coordination, OCHA Nepal will continue to develop coordination ‘products,
tools and services’ that will be made available to the UN, the wider international community, the
Government, and national partners. OCHA will also continue supporting the existing coordination
structures in the country, including DP-Net.
Strategic Objectives

Improved coordination structures at national, sub-regional, and district level;

Greater incorporation of risk reduction approaches and strengthened preparedness in
humanitarian response;

A strategy contributing to seamless transition and early recovery;

Action-oriented analysis of humanitarian trends and emerging policy issues;

A common approach to needs assessment and impact evaluation;

Strengthened cluster coordination – in both preparedness and response.
45
N E P A L
Indicators

Percentage of clusters activated with Terms of Reference;

Number of partners identified to monitor/address protection issues and humanitarian concerns;

Number of monthly maps generated on security, access, bandhs and blockades, thematic maps
and situation reports;

Nepal Needs Analysis Framework updated and disseminated;

Number of clusters/partners using standard assessment formats.
46
N E P A L
4.
CRITERIA FOR SELECTION AND PRIORITISATION OF PROJECTS
A.

SELECTION CRITERIA
Projects must be in line with strategic priorities, sector/cluster objectives and corresponding
response plans;
Disaster preparedness and mitigation initiatives should be incorporated in project development;
Participation and capacity-building of national actors should be supported in the project design;
Projects must be supported by sex-disaggregated baseline statistics or recent qualitative and
quantitative assessments and evaluations;
Projects must present a clear target in the specified operational areas and should not duplicate
activities implemented by other organisations;
Appealing agency must have recognised capacity and expertise to implement the project;
Appealing agencies must be part of existing coordination structures (cluster/sector working
group members);
Implementation of the project must be feasible within 12-month timeframe;
Projects must support the ‘do no harm’ approach;
Projects must demonstrate links, though not overlap, within each sector/cluster and with longerterm development initiatives where appropriate;
Projects must have the active participation of beneficiaries throughout the project cycle;
Projects must follow the IASC Gender guidelines and IASC Guidelines for Gender Based
Violence Actions in Humanitarian Settings; and
Project budgets must be realistic and reflect thorough financial analysis.












B.
PRIORITISATION
Based on the selection criteria mentioned above, projects will be vetted first at the cluster level, and
then by the IASC Nepal, led by the HC. Only priority projects will be included in the 2009 appeal, with
the formal endorsement of the HC.
5.
MONITORING PLAN
Intra-sectoral monitoring
Sector/cluster working groups, led by the sector/cluster lead, will meet periodically to monitor the
implementation of the sector strategic objectives, as well as the status of funding. Cumulative sector
specific assessments will be prepared and shared with OCHA prior to the Mid-Year Review in 2009.
Inter-sectoral monitoring
OCHA will continue to distribute information, including financial data, to partners, donors, United
Nations agencies and the United Nations Secretariat. OCHA will maintain a database on
humanitarian activities to reinforce the analysis and follow-up capacities of the humanitarian response
through the Nepal Information Platform’s “Who, What, Where” section.
OCHA-Geneva will assume core responsibility for the financial tracking of projects, based on reports
from receiving agencies and donors.31 OCHA-Nepal welcomes any information on funding or lack of
funding at the country level as well; or stakeholders are welcome to forward such information straight
to fts@reliefweb.int.
In 2009, the Government of Nepal will host a National Development Forum. This may lead to a need
to re-align humanitarian priorities to development priorities. At mid-year, IASC Nepal will conduct a
Mid-Year Review and review the conclusions of the National Development Forum. In the event of a
significant change in the humanitarian situation in the country before June 2009, OCHA will support
the IASC to conduct a review and revision of the appeal.
31
Visit www.reliefweb.int/fts.
47
N E P A L
6.
CONCLUSION
The first humanitarian Appeal for Nepal was issued in October 2005. At that time, few would have
predicted the present outcomes. The past years have brought political progress, culminating with the
April 2008 twice-postponed elections.
It is hoped there will not be a need for a humanitarian appeal in 2010. The outlook is one of continued
progress, although slowly, towards peace. This should be an inclusive peace, one that allows Nepali
citizens from all communities to receive wider peace benefits – a peace that brings not only a secure
environment, but opportunities for education and employment, access to health services, and an
increase in resilience. The timeline to achieve these types of peace benefits is certainly longer than
the timeframe of this Appeal.
It is also certain that humanitarian needs will remain, and humanitarian action needed. The NAF
highlights conditions that amount to a humanitarian situation requiring urgent response, in particular in
food security and nutrition. These conditions require immediate action, and are not linked to the
political context. The delivery of humanitarian assistance to continue to meet urgent life sustaining
needs of the most vulnerable groups, and to respond to natural disasters, will be conducted in close
consultation with national authorities.
The approach advocated is to encourage and support national actors and development assistance to
address some of the chronic factors causing humanitarian need, and to simultaneously meet and
deliver urgently needed humanitarian assistance to vulnerable Nepali communities. Reducing
vulnerability through appropriate community-level programmes is a key component of humanitarian
advocacy.
Risk reduction will increasingly become a priority agenda for the development community, and in the
coming year, a strategy to link humanitarian preparedness and risk reduction will be developed and
aligned under development frameworks, in particular the UNDAF and national development plans.
At the same time, new difficulties have emerged that put the authorities under enormous pressure.
Global challenges – financial crisis and climate change, will aversely effect development indicators.
Lack of public security and activities of armed factions continue. Programmes to address the fragile
post-conflict environment and to help build the capacity of national actors to meet these challenges
are also needed in the immediate.
Natural hazards are unpredictable and the impact of a disaster such as an earthquake on Nepal could
be devastating. Risk reduction and disaster preparedness are not only priorities, but should be an
integral part of all activities in Nepal.
With appropriate investments in preparedness and risk reduction, it is hoped that the proportion of
humanitarian needs as compared to the overall international aid investment in Nepal will diminish.
New strategies for peace-building recovery and development should come on line in the next few
years. More responsibility will lie with local actors in the new Nepal.
To make these hopes a reality, priority actions as identified in this Humanitarian Transition Appeal will
need to be resourced and implemented.
48
N E P A L
ANNEX I.
2008 IN REVIEW: REPORTING ON OBJECTIVES AND ACHIEVEMENT
Objectives for 2008
Emergency Food Security
 Improve short-term food security among
vulnerable, food-insecure populations in areas
highly impacted by conflict and particularly those
communities also affected by natural disasters
(drought, flooding) and/or communal violence;
Evaluation






Improve and maintain the nutritional status of
individuals suffering from moderate malnutrition,
especially of children;


Monitor the overall food security situation in Nepal
in order to respond rapidly to disasters warranting
critical humanitarian actions;





Improve coordination of emergency food security,
and nutrition planning and response.



49
More than 725,600 people affected by the soaring
food prices and already vulnerable from the
residual impact of the conflict received rice,
pulses, vegetable oil, salt, pulses, and wheat-soya
blend;
Following the Koshi flood, victims received three
months emergency food assistance, as well as
support for their livestock, including veterinarian
inputs and fodder;
More than 200,000 persons displaced by floods in
three western districts received food assistance in
September 2008;
An additional 260,000 drought-affected people in
Mid- and Far-Western Nepal received rice during
the first half of 2008;
44,000 households in the food-insecure western
regions received cereal and vegetable seeds and
technical assistance.
In response to severe and acute malnutrition
rates, WFP provided supplementary food for
children under-five and pregnant and lactating
women at feeding centres in camps for
populations displaced by the Koshi floods.
WFP’s Food Security Monitoring and Analysis
System (FSMAS) collected and analysed
information, including early market assessments
analysing the impacts of the high food prices;
District food security networks were set up in all
districts covered by the FSMAS, resulting in food
security phase classification maps;
Food Security bulletins, Crops Situation Updates,
and Market Watch bulletins are produced and
disseminated regularly;
Interagency assessments were conducted,
including: Market and Price Impact; Initiative on
Soaring Food Prices; and the Multi-Agency Koshi
Flood Impact Assessment.
Food Security Cluster established with focal
points at central, regional, and district levels;
Coordination resulted in more timely assistance
and efficient use of resources. Rapid Assessment
tools were implemented and the emergency food
basket standardised;
Food Cluster operational for floods, working
groups formed for livestock and agricultural
assessments and activities. Links established
with nutrition cluster.
N E P A L
Objectives for 2008
Nutrition
 Improve the nutritional status of individuals
suffering from acute malnutrition, especially of
children in conflict affected areas;
Evaluation


Monitor the overall nutrition situation in Nepal in
order to respond rapidly to disasters warranting
critical humanitarian actions;


Improve coordination of emergency food security,
and nutrition planning and response.




Protection
 Strengthen law enforcement and criminal justice
systems so that they are able to better protect the
rights of citizens and maintain law and order;

Strengthen the capabilities of all national actors to
deliver protection and design services in a
gender-sensitive manner in times of emergencies;






Strengthen and expand existing monitoring and
reporting mechanisms as per UNSCR 1612;



Prevent and address GBV against women and
girls, and men and boys, in times of emergencies,
by implementing IASC GBV guidelines and
recommendations of UNSCR 1325.

50
Community-based
Management
of
Acute
Malnutrition was carried out in Mugu District;
Baseline anthropometric surveys were conducted
in Bardiya, Accham, Mugu and Kanchanpur
Districts;
Supplementary
feeding
was
timely
and
appropriately implemented for children under five
and pregnant and lactating women affected by the
Koshi floods;
Emergency
Nutrition
Cluster
has
been
successfully implemented;
Health and Nutrition Contingency Plan written and
used in Koshi floods;
The Ministry of Health and Population formulated
a policy statement on emergency nutrition
activities in Nepal.
Seven training on human rights for different parts
of the security forces took place during the year;
Radio programmes and distribution of IEC
materials on GBV and protection of adolescents;
training on psychosocial counselling;
Protection training conducted for security forces
involved in the protection of IDP camps (flood
victims in the Eastern Region);
Trainings provided to police personnel and district
cluster leads on GBV prevention in emergencies
(Oct 2008);
Two Women Development Officers were trained
to complete a rapid needs assessment on GBV
and to support GBV prevention and referral
services to flood-affected populations;
The 1612 Taskforce monitors the six child rights
violation under the Security Council Resolution
1612 and has developed a new framework and
the will be monitoring additional violations such as
the illegal detention of children;
The Secretary-General’s report on Children
Affected by Conflict in Nepal includes key
recommendations to the Nepal Government and
the CPN-M;
Police training on gender mainstreaming in relief
operations for was conducted, including sessions
on sexual exploitation and abuse.
N E P A L
Objectives for 2008
Internally Displaced Persons
 Ensure effective monitoring and response to
protection concerns of IDPs and returnees;
Evaluation


Assist Government authorities to implement
Nepal’s IDP Policy through the dissemination of
the “Directives”;


Assist the Government to improve its capacity to
monitor programmes for IDPs and the impact of
its policies by developing better tools and
methods for gathering, managing and analysing
information;


Continued advocacy for and promotion of durable
solutions for IDPs;

Ensure that IDPs receive humanitarian
assistance, protection and legal assistance where
necessary and are able to access their
entitlements.


Refugees
 Provide legal and physical protection to refugees
and asylum seekers from Bhutan, including
durable solutions;







Provide legal and physical protection to refugees
and others of concern from Tibet;




Provide legal and physical protection to refugees
and asylum countries from other locations.



51
Dissemination of IDP National Policy through print
and electronic media. The IDP Directives remain
unapproved by the government. Advocacy on
their approval ongoing;
NRC's Information Counselling & Legal
Assistance (ICLA) project is currently operating in
15 districts, ensuring that beneficiaries receive
humanitarian assistance, protection and legal
assistance;
NRC monitors IDP protection concerns as an
integral part of the ICLA project. A Protection
Monitoring Team (PMT) has been established for
IDP returnees in the Western Region;
The ICLA project works with vulnerable IDP
women. NRC continues to record IDP data on its
in-house database, with particular attention to
minority and marginalised groups. NRC has also
been providing inputs to the Government through
NPTF Cluster for developing effective
programmes for IDPs with execution and
monitoring mechanism;
The ICLA project advocates for IDP durable
solutions at field level, often providing practical
assistance for durable solutions to be achieved.
NRC complements this activity with advocacy
initiatives at both national and field level.
More than 60,000 individual refugees expressed
interest in resettlement;
More than 30,000 refugees were referred for
resettlement as a durable solution;
More than 8,000 refugees departed Nepal on
resettlement;
Slightly over 650 asylum seekers were granted
derivative refugee status by the Government;
For the first time, individual photo identity cards
were distributed all refugee men and woman age
16 years and older (approximately 80,000
persons);
Physical and legal assistance, including food,
medical care and education, was provided to
105,000 refugees from Bhutan;
Assisted approximately 300 persons safely transit
Nepal for a third country;
Collaborated with UN agencies in Nepal to ensure
the continued protection of Tibetan refugees in
Nepal;
No cases of refoulement were reported during the
year;
Legal assistance, as well as material support, was
provided to 300 refugees and asylum-seekers
located primarily in Kathmandu;
Five persons in need of enhanced protection were
submitted for resettlement;
No cases of refoulement were reported during the
year.
N E P A L
Objectives for 2008
Children Affected by Armed Conflict (CAAC)
 Facilitate durable community reintegration of
released children and children affected by the
conflict through an integrated approach that will
be benefit other at risk children;
Evaluation



Advocate with all actors to stop the use of
children in Nepal within armed forces and armed
groups;

Work with the communities to prevent the
recruitment of children by armed forces and
armed groups;




Capacity-building of CAAFAG stakeholders and
communities.

Mine Action
 Develop new training methods and tools for risk
education;



Enhance Government, UN, and NGO capacity to
meet emergency risk reduction needs in an
appropriate, effective and timely manner;



Assist the NMAA, United Nations and NGOs to
develop national systems to assess explosive
device risks and needs.



52
More than 6,000 children and young people
formerly associated with the armed forces and
armed groups supported through communitybased reintegration programmes;
Community-based
reintegration,
advocacy/
awareness raising and psychosocial social
support in 58 districts provided by IRC, World
Education, Save the Children Alliance, SFCG and
TPO.
Sensitisation sessions held nation-wide;
Teachers, school management committees,
health workers, and members of CBOs and youth
clubs sensitised. Awareness-raising carried out
through child-produced radio programme on 52
FM radio stations and through intergenerational
communication programmes focusing on the
return and reintegration of CAAFAG;
Journalists also received awareness–raising
relating to CAAFAG.
More than 6,000 teachers, members of CBOs and
others received orientation on psychosocial
wellbeing and social inclusion. Training has
created community capacity to address the
psychosocial needs of CAAFAG.
MRE orientation and materials provided to 38
district level trainers and 149 village facilitators
(157 females) from fourteen districts.
Twelve thousand hazard signs provided to the
Nepal Army for the marking of minefields and IED
fields;
The national emergency mine risk education
network composed of 409 Governmental, Red
Cross and NGO focal points has the capacity to
deploy prevention activities in 68 affected districts
in a timely manner;
Four video clips broadcasted through TV and
radio spots - in Nepali language and other local
languages - were aired through 35 national and
local FM stations.
Centre for Research on Environmental Health and
Population Activities (CREHPA) completed cluster
survey in 600 households of six highly-affected
districts. Results oriented the new MRE strategy;
Mine Action priorities adjusted through ongoing
national surveillance system on victim-activated
explosions - fully operational in 75 districts;
IED ‘Data gathering pilot project’ in coordination
with UNMIN Mine Action Unit completed in
Central and Western regions.
N E P A L
ANNEX II.
LISTS OF 2009 PROJECTS
PROJECTS GROUPED BY SECTOR/CLUSTER (WITH HYPERLINKS TO OPEN FULL DETAILS)
Click on any project code to open the full project sheet. (For a constantly-updated on-line version of
this table, click here: http://ocha.unog.ch/fts/reports/daily/ocha_R32_A837.pdf)
Project code
Appealing
agency
Project title
(click on code to open full project sheet)
Camp Coordination and Camp Management
NEP-09/CSS/23666/298
Camp Coordination and Camp Management (CCCM) in Nepal:
Enhancing Preparedness and Response Capacity in Line with the
IASC Cluster Approach
Sub total for Camp Coordination and Camp Management
Coordination
NEP-09/CSS/23684/119
Humanitarian Coordination and Advocacy
Sub total for Camp Coordination and Camp Management
Disaster Preparedness
NEP-09/CSS/23676/8976
Capacity-building of District Disaster Relief Committee (DDRC) and
civil society in 10 Disaster Prone Districts (Nawalparasi, Chitwan,
Rautahat, Sarlahi, Saptari, Sunsari, Sindhuli, Makawanpur,
Baglung, and Mahottari)
NEP-09/CSS/23677/8460
Emergency Response Preparedness in Central Terai
NEP-09/CSS/23678/1171
Data needs for emergency preparedness in Nepal
NEP-09/CSS/23679/6079
Child Focused Disaster Preparedness and Response Program
(CF-DPR)
NEP-09/CSS/23680/7468
Emergency response preparedness
NEP-09/CSS/23681/776
Emergency Response Capacity Enhancement
NEP-09/CSS/23682/776
National Emergency Operation Centre (NEOC)
NEP-09/CSS/23683/5179
Disaster Risk Reduction, Preparedness and Response in Bardiya
District
NEP-09/CSS/23855/5162
Far Western Disaster Risk Reduction Initiative (FWDRRI)
Sub total for Disaster Preparedness
Emergency Education
NEP-09/E/23657/6079
Capacity-building in Safe Spaces
NEP-09/E/23658/6079
Alternative learning spaces for children
NEP-09/E/23659/124
Strengthening education cluster preparedness planning and
response
NEP-09/E/23660/124
Schools as Zones of Peace (SZoP)
Sub total for Emergency Education
Food Security
NEP-09/A/23607/123
Urgent Food Security Assistance to Vulnerable Farming Families
affected by the soaring food prices
NEP-09/A/23608/123
Agriculture Support for the Koshi Floods affected Rural Households
NEP-09/A/23609/123
Agriculture and Livestock Support for the Floods affected Rural
Households in the Mid and Far Western Regions
NEP-09/A/23610/7465
Food security for disaster affected populations in the Far Western
Regions of Nepal
NEP-09/A/23611/561
Food Assistance for Vulnerable Populations Affected by Conflict
and High Food Prices in Nepal (PRRO 10676.0)
NEP-09/A/23612/561
Field Surveillance Monitoring and Analysis System
NEP-09/A/23613/7469
Improved Food Security for Vulnerable Communities in Remote Hill
Districts
Sub total for Food Security
Health
NEP-09/H/23641/5349
Access to specialised physical rehabilitation services for victims of
explosive remnants of war and other consequences of the conflict
NEP-09/H/23646/122
Emergency Health Preparedness and Response (EHPR)
NEP-09/H/23647/124
HIV prevention among women and children in Nepal
NEP-09/H/23648/1171
Delivering essential reproductive health care to flood affected
populations
NEP-09/H/23649/1171
Strengthening emergency preparedness and response capacity for
reproductive health and HIV/AIDS needs
NEP-09/H/23650/1171
HIV Prevention and Awareness for Flood Affected Populations in
Nepal
NEP-09/H/23651/1171
Integrated health community preparedness in disaster settings
NEP-09/H/23652/5195
Emergency assistance for most vulnerable and conflict affected
populations of the Mid Western Region
NEP-09/H/23653/6079
Flood Disaster Response and Trauma Management
NEP-09/H/23654/6079
Community-based disaster preparedness to mitigate morbidity
among flood-affected population
NEP-09/H/23655/5349
Reconstructive surgeries and other assistance for Victims of
Explosive Remnants of War and other consequences of the conflict
NEP-09/H/23656/8774
Disaster Mitigation and Emergency Preparedness Project
Sub total for Health
Nutrition
NEP-09/H/23615/124
Emergency Nutrition Coordination and Surveillance
NEP-09/H/23616/124
Community based management of acute malnutrition in five
districts in the Mid and Far Western Development Regions
NEP-09/H/23616/5186
Community based management of acute malnutrition in five
districts in the Mid and Far Western Development Regions
NEP-09/H/23616/8498
Community based management of acute malnutrition in five
districts in the Mid and Far Western Development Regions
Sub total for Nutrition
53
IOM
Requirements
($)
851,000
851,000
OCHA
1,915,000
1,915,000
DP-Net
326,600
CECI
UNFPA
SC
350,000
200,000
290,000
CARE Nepal
UNDP
UNDP
IRC
670,000
650,000
2,820,000
175,000
Mercy Corps
100,000
5,581,600
SC
SC
UNICEF
150,000
150,000
199,000
UNICEF
118,000
617,000
FAO
1,600,000
FAO
FAO
1,100,000
1,500,000
LWF Nepal
256,000
WFP
49,565,000
WFP
WE
400,000
200,000
54,621,000
HI
WHO
UNICEF
UNFPA
441,831
1,942,050
350,000
475,000
UNFPA
335,000
UNFPA
155,000
UNFPA
MERLIN
412,000
590,000
SC
SC
293,554
296,954
HI
278,317
ADRA Nepal
150,000
5,719,706
UNICEF
UNICEF
286,493
1,600,800
ACF
1,228,237
CW
208,693
3,324,223
N E P A L
Project code
Protection
NEP-09/P-HR-RL/23617/5025
NEP-09/P-HR-RL/23619/5179
NEP-09/P-HR-RL/23620/5179
NEP-09/P-HR-RL/23621/1171
NEP-09/P-HR-RL/23622/5834
NEP-09/P-HR-RL/23623/1171
NEP-09/P-HR-RL/23624/124
NEP-09/P-HR-RL/23625/124
NEP-09/P-HR-RL/23626/8438
NEP-09/P-HR-RL/23627/5179
NEP-09/P-HR-RL/23628/8094
NEP-09/P-HR-RL/23630/6079
NEP-09/P-HR-RL/23632/6079
NEP-09/P-HR-RL/23634/5827
NEP-09/P-HR-RL/23635/6155
NEP-09/P-HR-RL/23637/6155
NEP-09/P-HR-RL/23638/6155
NEP-09/P-HR-RL/23639/7469
NEP-09/P-HR-RL/23644/8973
NEP-09/P-HR-RL/23645/8674
NEP-09/P-HR-RL/23889/124
NEP-09/P-HR-RL/23890/8094
Sub total for Protection
Refugees (Multi-sector)
NEP-09/MS/23674/120
Appealing
agency
Project title
Humanitarian Protection – Planning, Preparation, Response and
Recovery
Conflict Mitigation through Early Warning and Early Response
Integrated Human Rights, Human Security Information System
Delivery of Comprehensive Response including health care,
psychosocial and legal support for Survivors of Gender Based
Violence (GBV) in flood affected areas of Saptari, Sunsari, Kailali,
Kanchanpur and Dadeldhura
Information, counselling and legal assistance (ICLA) to internally
displaced persons (IDPs) in Nepal
Preparedness for GBV incidents in humanitarian settings
Reintegration Program for children and adolescents affected by the
conflict
Child Protection Sub-Cluster Emergency Preparedness and
Response
Child Focussed Peace Process in Nepal
Youth Opportunities for Livelihoods and Peace building
Monitoring and Reporting on and Responding to Child Rights
Violations in the Terai Region
Reintegration of children affected by armed conflict and crisis
Tracking violence against children focusing in conflict affected
Terai and ending impunity
Community Engagement and Sensitization on Children’s Role in
Peacebuilding
Building resiliency for children affected by conflict
Strengthening Rapid Emergency Psychosocial Response Capacity
Emergency Psychosocial Response for People Affected by the
Koshi Flood
Child Protection and Promotion of Economic and Educational
Opportunities for Children Affected by Conflict (CAC)
ADVOCACY AND CAPACITY-BUILDING
Community-based Mine Risk Education Campaign (CMREC)
Programme for Mine Risk Education, Advocacy, Victim Assistance
and Surveillance
Children’s Participation in the Transitional Justice Process
Physical and legal protection to asylum-seekers and refugees in
Nepal
NEP-09/MS/23675/561
Food Assistance to Bhutanese Refugees in Nepal (PRRO 10058.6)
Sub total for Refugees (Multi-sector)
Shelter
NEP-09/CSS/23668/7250
Shelter Response Project-Nepal
NEP-09/S-NF/23669/7039
NFI and Shelter assistance to IDPs affected by Koshi flooding
NEP-09/S-NF/23672/7039
Non Food Items and Emergency shelter assistance to IDPs
induced by conflict
NEP-09/S-NF/23673/7039
Technical assistance for resettlement of Non returnee Families of
Koshi Flood
Sub total for Shelter
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene
NEP-09/WS/23661/8974
Public Health Awareness Program (PHAP) for disaster
preparedness
NEP-09/WS/23662/5861
Safe Drinking Water and Hygiene Education in Mid and Far
Western Terai Districts (Banke, Bardiya, Kailali and Kanchanpur)
NEP-09/WS/23663/8975
Reducing Risks of WASH Related Disease Outbreaks
NEP-09/WS/23664/124
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Promotion for Disaster
Preparedness
NEP-09/WS/23664/5277
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Promotion for Disaster
Preparedness
NEP-09/WS/23665/124
Capacity-building and Coordination for WASH Emergency
Response
Sub total for Water, Sanitation and Hygiene
Grand Total: USD
54
Requirements
($)
OHCHR
137,050
IRC
IRC
UNFPA
450,000
560,000
395,000
NRC
712,500
UNFPA
UNICEF
165,000
3,210,000
UNICEF
781,000
HimRights
IRC
PPCC
449,490
550,000
159,101
SC
SC
1,000,000
500,000
SCG
340,000
TPO
TPO
TPO
250,000
120,000
187,315
WE
336,614
NCBL
Partnership
Nepal
UNICEF
226,208
120,000
PPCC
UNHCR
WFP
226,400
150,000
11,025,678
9,564,100
15,508,000
25,072,100
HFHI
UN-HABITAT
UN-HABITAT
2,560,000
700,000
270,000
UN-HABITAT
750,000
4,280,000
DEPROSCNepal
IRD
427,875
SAPPROS-Nepal
UNICEF
181,900
350,000
OXFAM
240,000
UNICEF
69,500
745,000
2,014,275
115,021,582
N E P A L
PROJECTS GROUPED BY ORGANISATION
Table IV: Nepal Humanitarian Transition Appeal 2009
List of Projects (grouped by appealing organisation)
as of 13 January 2009
http://www.reliefweb.int/fts
Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by the respective appealing organisation.
Project Code
Sector
Project Title
Page 1 of 7
Original
Requirements
(US$)
ACF
NEP-09/H/23616/5186
Nutrition
Community based management of acute malnutrition in five districts in the
Mid and Far Western Development Regions
Subtotal for ACF
1,228,237
1,228,237
ADRA Nepal
NEP-09/H/23656/8774
Health
Disaster Mitigation and Emergency Preparedness Project
Subtotal for ADRA Nepal
150,000
150,000
CARE Nepal
NEP-09/CSS/23680/7468
Disaster Preparedness
Emergency response preparedness
Subtotal for CARE Nepal
670,000
670,000
CECI
NEP-09/CSS/23677/8460
Disaster Preparedness
Emergency Response Preparedness in Central Terai
Subtotal for CECI
350,000
350,000
CW
NEP-09/H/23616/8498
Nutrition
Community based management of acute malnutrition in five districts in the
Mid and Far Western Development Regions
Subtotal for CW
208,693
208,693
DEPROSC-Nepal
NEP-09/WS/23661/8974
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene
Public Health Awareness Program (PHAP) for disaster preparedness
Subtotal for DEPROSC-Nepal
427,875
427,875
DP-Net
NEP-09/CSS/23676/8976
Disaster Preparedness
Capacity building of District Disaster Relief Committee (DDRC) and civil
society in 10 Disaster Prone Districts (Nawalparasi, Chitwan, Rautahat,
Sarlahi, Saptari, Sunsari, Sindhuli, Makawanpur, Baglung, and Mahottari)
Subtotal for DP-Net
326,600
326,600
The list of projects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snapshot as of 13 January 2009. For continuously updated information on projects, funding
requirements, and contributions to date, visit the Financial Tracking Service (www.reliefweb.int/fts).
55
N E P A L
Table IV: Nepal Humanitarian Transition Appeal 2009
List of Projects (grouped by appealing organisation)
as of 13 January 2009
http://www.reliefweb.int/fts
Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by the respective appealing organisation.
Project Code
Sector
Project Title
Page 2 of 7
Original
Requirements
(US$)
FAO
NEP-09/A/23607/123
Food Security
Urgent Food Security Assistance to Vulnerable Farming Families affected
by the soaring food prices
1,600,000
NEP-09/A/23608/123
Food Security
Agriculture Support for the Koshi Floods affected Rural Households
1,100,000
NEP-09/A/23609/123
Food Security
Agriculture and Livestock Support for the Floods affected Rural Households
in the Mid and Far Western Regions
1,500,000
Subtotal for FAO
4,200,000
HFHI
NEP-09/CSS/23668/7250
Shelter
Shelter Response Project-Nepal
Subtotal for HFHI
2,560,000
2,560,000
HI
NEP-09/H/23641/5349
Health
Access to specialised physical rehabilitation services for victims of
explosive remnants of war and other consequences of the conflict
441,831
NEP-09/H/23655/5349
Health
Reconstructive surgeries and other assistance for Victims of Explosive
Remnants of War and other consequences of the conflict
278,317
Subtotal for HI
720,148
HimRights
NEP-09/P-HR-RL/23626/8438
Protection
Child Focussed Peace Process in Nepal
Subtotal for HimRights
449,490
449,490
IOM
NEP-09/CSS/23666/298
Camp Coordination and Camp
Management
Camp Coordination and Camp Management (CCCM) in Nepal: Enhancing
Preparedness and Response Capacity in Line with the IASC Cluster
Approach
Subtotal for IOM
851,000
851,000
IRC
NEP-09/CSS/23683/5179
Disaster Preparedness
Disaster Risk Reduction, Preparedness and Response in Bardiya District
175,000
NEP-09/P-HR-RL/23619/5179
Protection
Conflict Mitigation through Early Warning and Early Response
450,000
NEP-09/P-HR-RL/23620/5179
Protection
Integrated Human Rights, Human Security Information System
560,000
NEP-09/P-HR-RL/23627/5179
Protection
Youth Opportunities for Livelihoods and Peace building
550,000
Subtotal for IRC
1,735,000
The list of projects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snapshot as of 13 January 2009. For continuously updated information on projects, funding
requirements, and contributions to date, visit the Financial Tracking Service (www.reliefweb.int/fts).
56
N E P A L
Table IV: Nepal Humanitarian Transition Appeal 2009
List of Projects (grouped by appealing organisation)
as of 13 January 2009
http://www.reliefweb.int/fts
Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by the respective appealing organisation.
Project Code
Sector
Project Title
Page 3 of 7
Original
Requirements
(US$)
IRD
NEP-09/WS/23662/5861
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene
Safe Drinking Water and Hygiene Education in Mid and Far Western Terai
Districts (Banke, Bardiya, Kailali and Kanchanpur)
Subtotal for IRD
745,000
745,000
LWF Nepal
NEP-09/A/23610/7465
Food Security
Food security for disaster affected populations in the Far Western Regions
of Nepal
Subtotal for LWF Nepal
256,000
256,000
Mercy Corps
NEP-09/CSS/23855/5162
Disaster Preparedness
Far Western Disaster Risk Reduction Initiative (FWDRRI)
Subtotal for Mercy Corps
100,000
100,000
MERLIN
NEP-09/H/23652/5195
Health
Emergency assistance for most vulnerable and conflict affected populations
of the Mid Western Region
Subtotal for MERLIN
590,000
590,000
NCBL
NEP-09/P-HR-RL/23644/8973
Protection
ADVOCACY AND CAPACITY BUILDING
Subtotal for NCBL
226,208
226,208
NRC
NEP-09/P-HR-RL/23622/5834
Protection
Information, counselling and legal assistance (ICLA) to internally displaced
persons (IDPs) in Nepal
Subtotal for NRC
712,500
712,500
OCHA
NEP-09/CSS/23684/119
Coordination
Humanitarian Coordination and Advocacy
Subtotal for OCHA
1,915,000
1,915,000
The list of projects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snapshot as of 13 January 2009. For continuously updated information on projects, funding
requirements, and contributions to date, visit the Financial Tracking Service (www.reliefweb.int/fts).
57
N E P A L
Table IV: Nepal Humanitarian Transition Appeal 2009
List of Projects (grouped by appealing organisation)
as of 13 January 2009
http://www.reliefweb.int/fts
Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by the respective appealing organisation.
Project Code
Sector
Project Title
Page 4 of 7
Original
Requirements
(US$)
OHCHR
NEP-09/P-HR-RL/23617/5025
Protection
Humanitarian Protection – Planning, Preparation, Response and Recovery
Subtotal for OHCHR
137,050
137,050
OXFAM
NEP-09/WS/23664/5277
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Promotion for Disaster
Preparedness
Subtotal for OXFAM
240,000
240,000
Partnership Nepal
NEP-09/P-HR-RL/23645/8674
Protection
Community-based Mine Risk Education Campaign (CMREC)
Subtotal for Partnership Nepal
120,000
120,000
PPCC
NEP-09/P-HR-RL/23628/8094
Protection
Monitoring and Reporting on and Responding to Child Rights Violations in
the Terai Region
159,101
NEP-09/P-HR-RL/23890/8094
Protection
Children’s Participation in the Transitional Justice Process
150,000
Subtotal for PPCC
309,101
SAPPROS-Nepal
NEP-09/WS/23663/8975
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene
Reducing Risks of WASH Related Disease Outbreaks
Subtotal for SAPPROS-Nepal
181,900
181,900
The list of projects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snapshot as of 13 January 2009. For continuously updated information on projects, funding
requirements, and contributions to date, visit the Financial Tracking Service (www.reliefweb.int/fts).
58
N E P A L
Table IV: Nepal Humanitarian Transition Appeal 2009
List of Projects (grouped by appealing organisation)
as of 13 January 2009
http://www.reliefweb.int/fts
Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by the respective appealing organisation.
Project Code
Sector
Project Title
Page 5 of 7
Original
Requirements
(US$)
SC
NEP-09/CSS/23679/6079
Disaster Preparedness
Child Focused Disaster Preparedness and Response Program (CF-DPR)
290,000
NEP-09/E/23657/6079
Emergency Education
Capacity Building in Safe Spaces
150,000
NEP-09/E/23658/6079
Emergency Education
Alternative learning spaces for children
150,000
NEP-09/H/23653/6079
Health
Flood Disaster Response and Trauma Management
293,554
NEP-09/H/23654/6079
Health
Community-based disaster preparedness to mitigate morbidity among
flood-affected population
296,954
NEP-09/P-HR-RL/23630/6079
Protection
Reintegration of children affected by armed conflict and crisis
NEP-09/P-HR-RL/23632/6079
Protection
Tracking violence against children focusing in conflict affected Terai and
ending impunity
Subtotal for SC
1,000,000
500,000
2,680,508
SCG
NEP-09/P-HR-RL/23634/5827
Protection
Community Engagement and Sensitization on Children’s Role in
Peacebuilding
Subtotal for SCG
340,000
340,000
TPO
NEP-09/P-HR-RL/23635/6155
Protection
Building resiliency for children affected by conflict
250,000
NEP-09/P-HR-RL/23637/6155
Protection
Strengthening Rapid Emergency Psychosocial Response Capacity
120,000
NEP-09/P-HR-RL/23638/6155
Protection
Emergency Psychosocial Response for People Affected by the Koshi Flood
187,315
Subtotal for TPO
557,315
UNDP
NEP-09/CSS/23681/776
Disaster Preparedness
Emergency Response Capacity Enhancement
NEP-09/CSS/23682/776
Disaster Preparedness
National Emergency Operation Centre (NEOC)
Subtotal for UNDP
650,000
2,820,000
3,470,000
The list of projects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snapshot as of 13 January 2009. For continuously updated information on projects, funding
requirements, and contributions to date, visit the Financial Tracking Service (www.reliefweb.int/fts).
59
N E P A L
Table IV: Nepal Humanitarian Transition Appeal 2009
List of Projects (grouped by appealing organisation)
as of 13 January 2009
http://www.reliefweb.int/fts
Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by the respective appealing organisation.
Project Code
Sector
Project Title
Page 6 of 7
Original
Requirements
(US$)
UNFPA
NEP-09/CSS/23678/1171
Disaster Preparedness
Data needs for emergency preparedness in Nepal
200,000
NEP-09/H/23648/1171
Health
Delivering essential reproductive health care to flood affected populations
475,000
NEP-09/H/23649/1171
Health
Strengthening emergency preparedness and response capacity for
reproductive health and HIV/AIDS needs
335,000
NEP-09/H/23650/1171
Health
HIV Prevention and Awareness for Flood Affected Populations in Nepal
155,000
NEP-09/H/23651/1171
Health
Integrated health community preparedness in disaster settings
412,000
NEP-09/P-HR-RL/23621/1171
Protection
Delivery of Comprehensive Response including health care, psychosocial
and legal support for Survivors of Gender Based Violence (GBV) in flood
affected areas of Saptari, Sunsari, Kailali, Kanchanpur and Dadeldhura
395,000
NEP-09/P-HR-RL/23623/1171
Protection
Preparedness for GBV incidents in humanitarian settings
165,000
Subtotal for UNFPA
2,137,000
UN-HABITAT
NEP-09/S-NF/23669/7039
Shelter
NFI and Shelter assistance to IDPs affected by Koshi flooding
700,000
NEP-09/S-NF/23672/7039
Shelter
Non Food Items and Emergency shelter assistance to IDPs induced by
conflict
270,000
NEP-09/S-NF/23673/7039
Shelter
Technical assistance for resettlement of Non returnee Families of Koshi
Flood
750,000
Subtotal for UN-HABITAT
1,720,000
UNHCR
NEP-09/MS/23674/120
Refugees (Multi-sector)
Physical and legal protection to asylum-seekers and refugees in Nepal
Subtotal for UNHCR
9,564,100
9,564,100
The list of projects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snapshot as of 13 January 2009. For continuously updated information on projects, funding
requirements, and contributions to date, visit the Financial Tracking Service (www.reliefweb.int/fts).
60
N E P A L
Table IV: Nepal Humanitarian Transition Appeal 2009
List of Projects (grouped by appealing organisation)
as of 13 January 2009
http://www.reliefweb.int/fts
Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by the respective appealing organisation.
Project Code
Sector
Project Title
Page 7 of 7
Original
Requirements
(US$)
UNICEF
NEP-09/E/23659/124
Emergency Education
Strengthening education cluster preparedness planning and response
199,000
NEP-09/E/23660/124
Emergency Education
Schools as Zones of Peace (SZoP)
118,000
NEP-09/H/23615/124
Nutrition
Emergency Nutrition Coordination and Surveillance
286,493
NEP-09/H/23616/124
Nutrition
Community based management of acute malnutrition in five districts in the
Mid and Far Western Development Regions
NEP-09/H/23647/124
Health
HIV prevention among women and children in Nepal
NEP-09/P-HR-RL/23624/124
Protection
Reintegration Program for children and adolescents affected by the conflict
NEP-09/P-HR-RL/23625/124
Protection
Child Protection Sub-Cluster Emergency Preparedness and Response
781,000
NEP-09/P-HR-RL/23889/124
Protection
Programme for Mine Risk Education, Advocacy, Victim Assistance and
Surveillance
226,400
NEP-09/WS/23664/124
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Promotion for Disaster
Preparedness
350,000
NEP-09/WS/23665/124
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene
Capacity Building and Coordination for WASH Emergency Response
Subtotal for UNICEF
1,600,800
350,000
3,210,000
69,500
7,191,193
WE
NEP-09/A/23613/7469
Food Security
Improved Food Security for Vulnerable Communities in Remote Hill
Districts
200,000
NEP-09/P-HR-RL/23639/7469
Protection
Child Protection and Promotion of Economic and Educational Opportunities
for Children Affected by Conflict (CAC)
336,614
Subtotal for WE
536,614
WFP
NEP-09/A/23611/561
Food Security
Food Assistance for Vulnerable Populations Affected by Conflict and High
Food Prices in Nepal (PRRO 10676.0)
NEP-09/A/23612/561
Food Security
Field Surveillance Monitoring and Analysis System
NEP-09/MS/23675/561
Refugees (Multi-sector)
Food Assistance to Bhutanese Refugees in Nepal (PRRO 10058.6)
Subtotal for WFP
49,565,000
400,000
15,508,000
65,473,000
WHO
NEP-09/H/23646/122
Health
Emergency Health Preparedness and Response (EHPR)
Subtotal for WHO
1,942,050
1,942,050
Grand Total
115,021,582
The list of projects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snapshot as of 13 January 2009. For continuously updated information on projects, funding
requirements, and contributions to date, visit the Financial Tracking Service (www.reliefweb.int/fts).
61
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SUMMARY OF REQUIREMENTS BY IASC STANDARD SECTOR
Table V: Nepal Humanitarian Transition Appeal 2009
Summary of Requirements (grouped by IASC standard sector)
as of 13 January 2009
http://www.reliefweb.int/fts
Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by the respective appealing organisation.
Original Requirements
Sector Name
(US$)
AGRICULTURE
54,621,000
COORDINATION AND SUPPORT SERVICES
10,907,600
EDUCATION
617,000
HEALTH
9,043,929
MULTI-SECTOR
25,072,100
PROTECTION/HUMAN RIGHTS/RULE OF LAW
11,025,678
SHELTER AND NON-FOOD ITEMS
1,720,000
WATER AND SANITATION
2,014,275
Grand Total
115,021,582
The list of projects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snapshot as of 13 January
2009. For continuously updated information on projects, funding requirements, and contributions to date, visit the
Financial Tracking Service (www.reliefweb.int/fts).
62
N E P A L
ANNEX III.
INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF RED CROSS AND RED
CRESCENT SOCIETIES
NEPAL EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Nepal is one of the poorest countries in the
world, ranked 142 among 173 countries on the
UNDP Human Development Index32. It is also
a highly disaster-prone country and thousands
of people are affected every year by floods and
landslides, which hit the country on a recurring
basis. In 2007, about 650,000 people were
affected by these disasters. The Kathmandu
valley in particular is at high risk from
earthquakes. The situation is worsened by
rapid urbanisation, related urban planning
problems and poor infrastructure (including
poor disaster management and public health
services), which increase the vulnerability of
people during disaster and non disaster times.
The internal conflict, which started in the midnineties and ended officially through a peace
agreement in November 2006, killed about
12,000 people and left thousands more
displaced, creating new humanitarian needs in
the country.
A young boy and his parent await his Measles vaccination in
It is in this context that the Nepal Red Cross
Dhangadi, Nepal.
Society (NRCS), the largest humanitarian
organisation in the country, provides assistance to the most vulnerable population through its 75
district branches, 1,344 sub-branches, 4,343 junior/youth circles, more than 200,000 trained
volunteers and one million members. To address the vulnerabilities among the people, the NRCS has
endorsed a new strategic development plan for 2008-2010. Guided by the International Federation’s
Global Agenda goals and vision of the Federation of the Future, the plan prioritizes the work of the
national society in four core areas: disaster management, health and care in the community,
promotion of fundamental principles and humanitarian values, and capacity-building.
Through its partnership with the International Federation, the NRCS will focus on disaster risk
reduction and HIV, with volunteer management and humanitarian values as support and cross-cutting
issues within the two programmes. Community-based disaster risk reduction initiatives will be in line
with the regional South Asia disaster risk reduction initiative “Building Safer Communities” that
promotes the disaster risk reduction approach among all national societies in the region. In addition to
the clear focus on disaster risk reduction and HIV, the International Federation will continue its support
for the community-based first aid programme, capacity-building in disaster management, as well as for
the avian and human influenza preparedness, supported by the Humanitarian Preparedness Initiative.
In addition to the programmatic focus, the International Federation will further support and promote the
new operating models, the Global Alliance on HIV and the operational alliance for the community
development project.
Activities in humanitarian values will specifically aim to address the complex social context and the
post-conflict situation of Nepal, while the volunteer management component will include youth and
gender development to empower young people and women to be part of the decision-making process
in their communities and at all levels of the national society. For newly-established management
support mechanisms at the NRCS, funding is needed in the areas of planning, monitoring, evaluation
32
UNDP Human Development Index, 2007/2008
63
N E P A L
and reporting, as well as for the setting up of a new unit for resource mobilisation and marketing.
This plan targets approximately 273,000 beneficiaries over two years, including disaster management:
70,000 beneficiaries (42,000 male and 28,000 female), health and care: 143,000 beneficiaries (72,000
male and 71,000 female), organizational development: 25,000 beneficiaries (15,000 male and 10,000
female) and humanitarian values: 35,000 beneficiaries (20,000 male and 15,000 female).
NRCS has been working with a large number of Red Cross Red Crescent Movement and nonMovement partners. Most of these partnerships are expected to continue for the period of this plan.
The national society will continue working with the International Federation, the International
Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), partner national societies and other partners from the UN and
other international NGOs. To meet its priorities and achieve its goal, NRCS will explore diversified
funding opportunities based on the partnership principles outlined in its country cooperation
agreement strategy (CAS).
The total budget for 2009 is CHF 1,776,629 ($1.62 million or EUR 1.13 million) and for 2010 is
CHF 1,789,205 ($1.66 million or EUR 1.14 million). Click here for the budget summary.
Country Context
The population of Nepal is 25.88 million33, with an estimated growth rate of 2.27%. About 7.3% of the
population lives in the mountains, 44.2% in the hills and 48.5% in the Terai34. Migration from the
mountainous regions and the rural Terai to the newly-developed cities is very high, as people seek
better education and employment opportunities. The country features in the ‘low human development’
category with respect to most of the human development indicators, with over 80% of the population
surviving on less than $2 per day35.
The country is faced with problems such as illiteracy, poor health education, discrimination based on
caste, as well as inadequate government systems and support. Many parts of Nepal have little or no
infrastructure and limited access to roads, safe drinking water (76% of the population have access to
basic water facilities), sanitary facilities (46% of the population have access to sanitary facilities) and
public health services36. According to the Human Development Index, the current literacy rate above
six years of age is 63% and the literacy rate above 15 years is 52%, whereas the literacy rate for
women is significantly lower. The infant mortality rate of 48 per thousand and maternal mortality rate
of 281 per hundred thousand are challenges to the public health system. Further, about 75,000
people are estimated to be HIV positive and the social stigma and discrimination based on ethnicity,
gender and HIV is very strong and widespread37.
In addition to socio-economic factors, geological, topographical and climatic conditions expose Nepal
to multiple hazards, most prominently earthquakes, floods, landslides, fires, thunderbolts, windstorms,
hailstorms and avalanches. The impact of climate change is worsening the situation. The general
population has been most affected by floods, landslides, windstorms and hailstorms, followed by fires
and epidemics. Floods and landslides are annually recurring events.
Nepal has also undergone a more than a decade-long armed conflict that resulted in the loss of
thousands of lives and huge infrastructural damage, leaving a huge negative impact on the country’s
economy. Thousands of people have been displaced from their place of origin and live in vulnerable
conditions. However, the peace process that began after the successful end of the people's
movement in April 2006 has been instrumental in bringing a new socio-political dimension. A
successful constituent assembly in April 2008 and the declaration of the country as a Federal
Democratic Republic by the first meeting of the constituent assembly in May 2008 have helped to
propel the peace process forward.
The new political environment in the country has raised expectations among people for lasting peace
and sustainable development. More importantly, the constituent assembly is expected to formulate
and endorse a new constitution within two years, along with a new federal political structure for the
country. The process is not expected to be smooth-sailing, with several issues needing to be resolved
through consensus between the political parties. Thus, while there are clear opportunities ahead for
Central Bureau of Statistics, 2006
Ministry of Home Affairs, 2002
35 UNOCHA, 2002
36 Three Year Interim Plan (2006/07 to 2009/10), National Planning Commission 2007
37 UNAIDS Global Report AIDS Report, 2006
33
34
64
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the country, there are also many challenges. The NRCS will have to be prepared to respond to the
potential challenges and meet the increasing demands and expectations of the people. At the same
time, it will be an opportunity for better image building and branding of the national society.
National Society priorities and current work with partners
The NRCS has an entrenched culture for long term development planning and has recently finalised
its fifth development plan (2008-10), which defines its priorities for the coming three years in its four
core areas of work. In addition, the NRCS has set the following strategic directions to improve its
overall performance:

Focus on quality programming while scaling up its activities;

Building capacities at all levels to stay responsive; and

Applying an integrated planning and programme approach, including the consolidation of
current projects.
In addition, realising the need to strengthen the delivery and implementation structure of the NRCS,
equal priority will be given to strengthen its management support service mechanisms, including
human resources and financial management, administration and logistics, legal support, resource
mobilisation, communication and marketing, as well as planning, monitoring, evaluation and reporting
(PMER).
The new strategic development plan of the NRCS was drafted through an inclusive and participatory
approach involving NRCS governance and management, district chapters and partners. The plan was
adopted by the NRCS General Assembly in 2008 and is aligned with the government’s Development
Plan as well as the International Federation’s Global Agenda goals and Federation of the Future
vision.
This International Federation country support plan for 2009-10 aims to address some of the needs and
priorities described in the NRCS strategic development plan. It has been developed based on a
specific request for support from the NRCS to the International Federation.
The priorities for the International Federation support plan for 2009-10 are:
Global Agenda goal 1: Disaster management
Focus:

Community-based disaster risk reduction;

NRCS disaster preparedness capacity strengthening, including a pilot project on recovery and
capacity-building for water and sanitation during emergencies.
Global Agenda goal 2: Health and care in the community
Focus:

HIV (Global Alliance);

Community-based first aid;

Humanitarian pandemic preparedness (H2P) with a link to disaster risk reduction.
Global Agenda goal 3: Capacity-building
Focus:

Community development programme, through an operational alliance;

Volunteer management, including youth and women development;

Support services mechanisms with a focus on resource mobilization and PMER.
Global Agenda goal 4: Principles and values
Focus:

Principles and humanitarian values promotion
In addition to the above long-term programmes, the NRCS is frequently involved in emergency
operations, especially during the yearly occurring monsoon season. In 2007, the International
Federation launched an emergency appeal for the NRCS to support its relief and recovery operation to
provide support to 30,000 families affected by the floods and landslides. The operation had a focus on
the distribution of relief materials and the provision of early recovery support in the form of shelter and
livelihood materials. The operation applied an integrated programming approach linking the flood and
disaster management activities to capacity-building and humanitarian values initiatives at the NRCS.
In order to develop more capacity in the area of recovery and as mentioned under Global Agenda
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goal 1, the NRCS will implement a recovery pilot project with the remaining funds from the emergency
appeal and the technical input from the International Federation. Recovery guidelines and a manual
will be developed for future recovery programme implementation.
Partners currently supporting NRCS through the Federation annual appeal:
No.
1
Partners
Swedish Red Cross
2
3
4
5
6
USAID
Finnish Red Cross
Japanese Red Cross
Austrian Red Cross
British Red Cross
Programme components
Community development project, community based first aid, HIV, youth and
volunteer development
Humanitarian pandemic preparedness (H2P)
Community based disaster risk reduction, youth and gender development
Capacity-building in health
Federation coordination
Gender development
Secretariat-supported programmes in 2009-10
As one of the goals in the new strategic development plan, the NRCS plans to further integrate its
programmes and to consolidate current components wherever possible.
The International
Federation’s support plan for 2009-10 reflects this goal, and has set a clear focus on disaster risk
reduction and HIV, with the other programmes working around the focal programmes. For this,
components under the previous annual appeals were merged with each other and stand-alone
capacity-building components were incorporated into the relevant programmes. Under Global Agenda
goal 3, the volunteer management programme component will include youth and gender components
and the whole programme will be linked to the main programmes of disaster management and health.
The disaster management and health departments at the NRCS will be encouraged to request
services from the volunteer management, youth and gender units at the NRCS, who will operate as
technical units and service providers. The same concept will be applied for principles and values.
The current “management support team meetings” at the NRCS will be used as a coordination body to
make sure that programmes are properly linked with each other and those additional funds for
organizational development and principles and values are available through the large programmes.
Logical frameworks are available on FedNet38, or upon request.
Disaster Management
a) The purpose and components of the programme
Programme purpose
Reduce the numbers of deaths, injuries and impact from disasters.
The disaster management budget for 2009 is CHF 480,979 ($459,827) and for 2010 is CHF 521,986
($499,031).
NRCS has been involved in disaster relief in Nepal since it was founded in 1962. During the years
and with growing experience, the NRCS broadened its scope to disaster preparedness both at the
organizational and the community level. At present, the NRCS is recognized as the key actor in the
area of disaster management in Nepal and disaster management constitutes one of the core
programme areas of the national society. The International Federation and partner national societies
have been supporting capacity-building for disaster management at the NRCS for decades, either
through long-term development programmes or short-term support for relief operations. For the past
year, the NRCS’s disaster management department has shown interest in linking relief to recovery
and development. These efforts will be supported through this International Federation support plan,
as well the NRCS’s endeavours to address adaptations to climate change through disaster risk
reduction measures.
The disaster management programme will contribute to the International Federation’s Global Agenda
goal one. Disaster risk reduction and disaster management capacity-building are the main priority
areas for this plan period. The purpose of the programme is to enhance the coping capacity of NRCS
at all levels, reduce the risks to disasters among vulnerable people living in disaster-prone areas, and
promote an effective recovery process for disaster-affected people. The Hyogo Framework for Action
will be adopted to enhance organizational and community capacity for risk reduction and recovery.
38
FedNet is an intranet and available to Movement members only
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The South Asia regional initiative 'Building Safer Communities' will be actively implemented. In
addition, the risk reduction interventions will focus on mitigating the negative impact of climate change.
Based on the lessons learned from the past, the NRCS has designed its programmes by applying a
community-based approach to enhance the capacity of vulnerable communities and various projects
are being implemented at the national, regional and district levels. NRCS is also involved in training,
small scale structural and non structural mitigation activities, along with awareness generation to
manage and reduce the risk of disasters at local level. It has been empowering the most vulnerable
communities to be united and to develop their collective capacity to better respond to disasters and
minimise their impacts. The national society is also maintaining stockpiles of non-food relief items in
its 27 warehouses in different parts of the country.
Programme component 1: Community-based disaster risk reduction
Outcome: The risk of disaster is reduced in disaster prone areas and effective recovery processes are
promoted.
The community-based disaster risk reduction component aims to reduce the risk to local disasters for
vulnerable schools and communities. Targeted communities will be empowered to strengthen their
own local coordination and mobilize optimum local resources to cope with the adverse effects of
upcoming disasters. Furthermore, a disaster response plan will be developed in communities and at
schools by involving locally trained human resources.
This programme component was previously supported by the Finnish Red Cross.
Programme component 2: Disaster preparedness and capacity strengthening
Outcome: Coping capacity of communities is strengthened and NRCS capacity enhanced for recovery initiatives
and emergency water and sanitation services.
Under this component, the NRCS’ disaster management capacity is further strengthened by
implementing additional simulation exercises on the contingency plan, which the national society
developed with the support of the International Federation through different consultative meetings.
The contingency plan needs to be further disseminated among all stakeholders. It focuses mainly on
earthquake preparedness, especially in the Kathmandu valley, and articulates three main issues: the
vulnerability and capacities of the country; the steps taken on preparedness; and operational
management of activities during a disaster.
In the coming period, the NRCS disaster management centre will be further equipped. Trained
volunteers will be developed at the local level and rescue materials will be procured and positioned at
strategic locations in the Kathmandu valley for prompt disaster response. The response capacity of
NRCS district and sub chapters will be further strengthened by providing institutional capacity-building,
as well as search and rescue materials support.
In addition, the NRCS plans to transfer the recovery pilot project under its current emergency appeal
to this Secretariat plan for 2009-10. Through this pilot project, the NRCS expects to gain more
expertise on the planning and implementation of recovery projects. In addition, the national society’s
disaster management department will work closely with the water and sanitation unit, the community
development programme component and the health and care programme, to build capacity in
emergency water and sanitation. Similarly, emergency communication capacity will be strengthened
through improvements in technical and managerial mechanisms.
b) Profile of targeted beneficiaries
The capacity-building and disaster risk reduction components target a total of 70,000 direct
beneficiaries. They include minority groups, indigenous people, orphans, widows and economically
vulnerable people, who will receive relief materials, rescue kits, training and livelihood support.
Similarly, four districts will get support for small scale risk reduction activities, infrastructure support for
Junior Red Cross offices and support for fund raising activities. The components aim to generate
awareness regarding disaster risk reduction at local level through a “child to child” and “child to
parents” approach. On the other hand, an early warning system will be established in the schools and
the nearby communities. The economically vulnerable groups receive support for income generation
while disaster-affected population receives relief materials to support their normal life. Community
members will directly benefit from the risk reduction-related trainings, which will help to further
enhance the response capacity of the community. A school emergency fund will provide additional
support to disaster-affected families at local level.
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c) Potential risks and challenges
Despite the end of the decade-long conflict, remaining unresolved political issues could cause
instability which may hamper programme intervention. Inadequate and uneven participation of
targeted groups could hinder the achievement of the expected results. Ensuring gender balance and
equal participation of the targeted people are equally important for the effective implementation and
sustainability of the programme.
To address the possible problems and to ensure the equal participation of targeted population, a
proper coordination mechanism will be developed and the monitoring and supervision mechanism
made more effective. NRCS’ disaster management department will provide the technical input to the
district chapters and community for the project intervention. The national society will focus on
ensuring the participation of local organizations and concerned stakeholders to sustain the programme
after it is handed over to the community. Local resources will be optimally mobilized as part of the
strategy.
Health and Care
a) The purpose and components of the programme
Programme purpose
Reduce the number of deaths, illnesses and impact from diseases and public health emergencies.
The health and care programme budget for 2009 is CHF 951,444 ($909,602) and for 2010 is
CHF 911,143 ($871,074).
The NRCS has been providing health services to vulnerable people through its volunteer network at
the district chapters but also through highly professional and trained medical personnel. The national
society has developed a health strategy 2006-10 based on the lessons learnt in the past. The NRCS
is recognized mostly for its traditional first aid, ambulance and blood services. In addition and
throughout the past decades, the NRCS has also built considerable capacity in the area of community
health and disease prevention. Its services in hygiene promotion, water and sanitation, family
planning, eye care and HIV are spread throughout the country, through its work with the local
communities. For the International Federation-funded programme, the main partners for health have
been the Swedish Red Cross on HIV prevention and community-based first aid, and the Japanese
Red Cross for capacity-building.
The overall purpose of the health and care programme is to improve the health status of targeted
communities and reduce their vulnerability through community-based health and care systems. The
International Federation-supported programme focuses on three broad areas: HIV, community based
first aid, and pandemic preparedness.
As part of the Global Alliance on HIV, existing HIV interventions will be scaled-up to reach a higher
number of beneficiaries with an improved quality of services. Community-based first aid includes the
provision of first aid services to targeted communities, reducing water-borne diseases (through the
provision of safe drinking water and sanitation), and increasing community understanding of disease
prevention and health issues. The USAID-funded pandemic preparedness campaign will focus on
drafting contingency plans for the national and district levels to prepare for pandemics, including avian
influenza.
In addition, the emergency water and sanitation project, which is placed under the leadership of the
disaster management department, will be closely linked to the water and sanitation unit at the NRCS,
and the health department will provide technical support for quality assurance.
As for disaster management, NRCS has adopted a community-based approach for all health and care
programmes to enhance the capacity of the most vulnerable groups in the rural areas of Nepal.
Programme component 1: Community-based first aid
Outcome: Capacity of communities to manage injuries and illness during normal times and disasters is
developed.
The programme is mainly focused on building the capacity of local communities through health
promotion, prevention, first aid training, organisation of people at local level and their mobilization in
healthy behaviour campaigns. The programme also focuses on improving access to primary health
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care services from trained local volunteers during disaster and normal injuries and illness. Trained
first aid volunteers will be mobilised effectively through refresher training and the replenishment of first
aid kits. The programme promotes personal hygiene and provides support for the community-based
sanitation promotional activities.
This programme component has previously been supported by the Swedish Red Cross.
Programme component 2: HIV
Outcome: Contribution to the reduction of new cases of HIV according to the Global Alliance on HIV framework.
Community groups (comprising community and school youth, people living with HIV, spouses of
migrants) will be established on a voluntary basis to carry out regular outreach activities like
participatory learning sessions, street theatres, celebrating days and events, condom distribution and
networking through peer educators. Peer educators are selected from the community groups with a
gender and ethnic balance. They will be trained as trainers and also provided training on peer
counselling and social mobilization to address the peer learning group sessions. They will then
provide counselling to the target groups and advise for referral to health institutions for voluntary
counselling and testing, antiretroviral therapy or opportunistic infections management. In addition, the
promotion of humanitarian values, a “reduce discrimination” campaign and activities to promote
respect for diversity will be part of the HIV/AIDS programme component. District chapters will manage
the activities with regular monitoring and supervision and technical support from NRCS headquarters.
Reporting on the programme will follow the same channel.
This programme component was part of the regional HIV programme coordinated and technically
supported by the International Federation’s regional office. The programme was previously supported
by the Swedish Red Cross/ SIDA.
Programme component 3: Humanitarian pandemic preparedness (H2P)
Outcome: Capacity of NRCS to prepare for and to provide emergency assistance to people affected by potential
influenza pandemic is enhanced.
The potential influenza pandemic initiative is a three-year USAID-funded programme aiming to build a
chain of health and disaster management tools and practices as an indispensable prerequisite to
generating a fully-prepared capacity of community first-responders during an influenza pandemic.
These essential front-liners will provide the most rapid, coordinated and effective response possible,
designed to limit morbidity and mortality, safeguard livelihoods and maintain societal cohesion and
integrity. The campaign has three principal objectives:

To support the development of influenza pandemic preparedness plans and protocols of the
humanitarian sector in the area of health and food security in Nepal;

To strengthen the in-country capacities of staff and volunteers to carry out the influenza
pandemic preparedness plans;

To ensure functional coordination between all stakeholders in the preparedness and response
of the humanitarian sector;

The NRCS will pilot this community based pandemic preparedness project in three vulnerable
districts for 18 months and mainstream to its health and disaster management programme;

This component will be funded through Federation’s global avian and human influenza appeal
which has received a three-year grant from USAID.
b) Profile of the target beneficiaries
The programme will benefit approximately 143,000 people (male: 46%; female: 54%), without
discrimination based on ethnicity, religion, gender, age and health status. Most of the target
population will comprise young people, with more than half of them young women. The programme
also emphasizes the empowerment of dalits (disadvantaged ethnic people) and indigenous groups.
c) Potential risks and challenges
The main challenge is to sustain the programmes in the communities due to the lack of government
services and also a lack of long-term commitment from donors. As political unrest still prevails during
this transitional period, and a large number of health facilities were destroyed during the conflict, there
is a big challenge to cope with hazardous public health problems in the remote areas of the country.
The increased migration during the internal conflict in the country is also expected to have contributed
to the additional increase in the number of HIV cases, and due to limited resources, support to people
living with HIV may be highly inadequate.
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In order to meet the challenges, health services will be provided in a comprehensive package in the
coming years, through a well-functioning coordination mechanism with stakeholders, to avoid the
duplication of resources. Similarly, focus will be on mobilising local resources and generating longterm partnerships for the sustainability of the programme. Equal importance will be given for
coordination among concerned authorities at the local level as much possible.
Organisational Development/Capacity-building
a) The purpose and components of the programme
Programme purpose
Enhance local community, civil society and Nepal Red Cross Society capacity to address the most urgent
situations of vulnerability.
The organisational development/capacity-building programme budget for 2009 is CHF 305,619
($292,179) and for 2010 is CHF 309,814 ($296,189).
The NRCS has been working continuously to build its organizational capacity at all levels to deliver
improved humanitarian services to the needy people in a transparent manner. The national society
started organizational capacity development initiatives under a separate programme and later used
integrated or crosscutting approaches. For effective humanitarian services delivery to the vulnerable
community, the NRCS has focused on building capacity of the local volunteers including youth and
women since 2005.
The national society has developed policies on volunteer management and gender. The clearly
defined policies and guidelines on volunteerism and membership have been disseminated up to
branch levels so far. Through the programme, women membership and participation has gradually
increased. Applying the lessons learned from various programmes, the national society has started
integration and standardization of the programme with a focus on the quality of services delivery.
The overall purpose of the programme is to further develop and strengthen organizational and
management capacity of NRCS at all levels, including the newly-established management support
mechanism, to enable it to become a well-functioning national society.
The community development programme component aims to improve the basic health conditions of
the targeted vulnerable communities and to strengthen the capacity of community organizations and
NRCS institutions at all levels to provide quality services. It also endeavours to develop a network of
volunteers including youth and women members to provide more effective services to the vulnerable
section of communities.
Programme component 1: Volunteer management
Outcome 1: Volunteer management system established and further strengthened and leadership capacity of
volunteers enhanced at different levels.
Outcome 2: Capacity of the junior/youth members and volunteers of the society in providing effective and
qualitative services to vulnerable communities increased.
Outcome 3: Participation of women at all levels of the national society is increased.
A data base of volunteers will be set up in the district chapters. Youth and women will be especially
encouraged when recruiting volunteers. They will be trained in topics like volunteer management,
leadership development, and gender sensitivity as per the needs assessment and will be involved in
different phases of the programmes in the community and in emergency situations. Referring to the
integrated programme approach, the three components under volunteer management will be closely
interlinked with each other and the main disaster management and health programmes at the NRCS.
The different components of this programme have been supported by the British, Finnish, Korean and
Swedish Red Cross societies.
Programme component 2: Community development programme
Outcome: Socio-economic vulnerability of the targeted communities is reduced and their self-reliance
increased.
The programme will continue to carry out a survey to identify the problems, needs and capacity of the
target community. Activities will be designed and implemented together with the community. Health
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and sanitation, literacy, self-help and drinking water schemes will be the generic parts of this
component. Community participation will be emphasized in all phases, including needs assessment,
implementation, monitoring and benefit sharing.
This programme component has been supported by the Swedish Red Cross.
Programme component 3 : Strengthening support service mechanisms
Outcome 1: NRCS capacity to mobilise in-country resources is increased.
Outcome 2: Planning, monitoring and reporting capacity of the NRCS is enhanced.
In order to support the programme departments to achieve the set goals, the NRCS has planned to
set up a management support service mechanism. This is to help ensure that support services of the
secretariat are carried out in an effective manner with the most efficient use of the limited resources
available. In addition, the management support service mechanism will enhance service coordination
amongst the departments and enable the programme departments to focus on programmatic issues.
The International Federation support plan for 2009-10 will focus on the development of a resource
mobilization unit at the headquarters. This component is part of the South Asia regional resource
mobilisation programme. In addition, the International Federation will continue its support for
developing the overall planning, monitoring, evaluation and reporting (PMER) unit at the NRCS.
b) Profile of target beneficiaries
The programme will target approximately 25,000 people (9,000 of them female) among the targeted
communities, NRCS staff and volunteers, junior/youth members and women development committee
members.
The programme plans to enhance the capacity and self-reliance of local communities through its
community development component. This will cover aspects like health and hygiene awareness,
along with livelihoods and institutional development. The community development programme will
benefit about 4,000 people. The programme also seeks to enhance the capacity of the NRCS to
provide more effective services to vulnerable populations, by increasing and diversifying physical and
human resources. About 200 staff members will benefit from this programme. In this regard, it aims
to develop the national society’s network of volunteers including women, junior and youth volunteers.
The programme will also mobilise both male and female students through junior/youth volunteers’
recruitment and trainings. It also plans to strengthen NRCS’s capacity for resource mobilization,
planning, monitoring, evaluation, and reporting, and its communication system.
c) Potential risks and challenges
The economic vulnerability of the community as well as the fluid political situation in the country
present possible risks to the programme. The major challenge is external funding for the programme
as response from external partners in this sector has been usually low. Another challenge for NRCS
is to retain trained volunteers due to the rural-urban and cross country migration.
The national society plans to integrate some components as cross-cutting issues in all programmes
and mobilise internal resources to minimise the risks. All programmes will give high priority to the
recruitment of new volunteers. Married women, for example, will get special priority while recruiting
community motivators. In addition, the programmes will also explore the possibility of local
coordination and collaboration with relevant line agencies for trainings and refresher trainings to
replace trained human resources who have migrated.
Principles and values
a) The purpose and components of the programme
Programme purpose
Understanding of the Fundamental Principles and humanitarian values is improved (through integration in core
programmes and promoting community awareness).
The principles and values programme budget for 2009 is CHF 38,588 ($36,891) and for 2010 is
CHF 46,262 ($44,228).
The Fundamental Principles and humanitarian values have been promoted in an integrated manner
since the inception of the NRCS. The scope of humanitarian values has been focusing on reducing
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discrimination and respecting diversity in the organization of the NRCS and the communities it works
with. The integration of the Fundamental Principles and humanitarian values has been done in a more
focused way after this core area was prioritized in the Fourth Development Plan.
As a consequence of the quickly changing social environment in Nepal and the empowerment of
previously excluded and marginalized groups, there is a need for the NRCS to adapt quickly, to be
sensitive and proactive in order to be able to serve without obstacle or discrimination all vulnerable
people, who are in need of humanitarian services.
The proposed project aims to increase the integration of the humanitarian values component within all
community-level interventions of the NRCS. In particular, the non-discrimination campaign will
continue through the HIV programme and other community-based programmes to address the low
awareness on non-discrimination and social inclusion at the community level. Over half a million
vulnerable people will benefit from this. This will contribute to Global Agenda Goal four. Nepal has
benefited from good humanitarian values support over the years from the South Asia regional office
and NRCS is now regarded as a regional humanitarian values resource for South Asia.
Programme component 1: Principles and humanitarian values promotion
Outcome 1: Humanitarian values component is integrated within health and care, disaster management and
capacity-building programmes of the NRCS.
Outcome 2: Social discrimination (practices against “untouchables”) against minorities, women, returnees,
children and people living with HIV is reduced in 35 selected communities.
Outcome 3: Additional 100,000 people are reached through the radio and electronic media to promote
humanitarian values.
The Fundamental Principles, especially humanity, impartiality and neutrality and the behaviour to be
inculcated will be part of every orientation programme for NRCS staff, volunteers and community
members. Adequate provision will be made to encourage the participation of the communities, youth,
women and minorities in the areas of needs assessment, training, as well as decision making
processes in the community. The programme activities will aim to bridge communities from different
backgrounds by involving them in identifying common problems, resources and benefits they can
share. Youth camps on non-discrimination will be conducted to develop youth from diverse
backgrounds as role models to influence the behaviour of others. The network with people living with
HIV and their organizations will be strengthened through partnerships. Success stories and positive
lives will be shared through print and electronic media.
b) Profile of target beneficiaries
This programme targets 35,000 direct beneficiaries in 35 conflict-affected communities. In addition,
there will be increased understanding of the Fundamental Principles and humanitarian values among
24,000 staff and volunteers of the NRCS. Approximately 100,000 people will be educated on
humanitarian values through the Red Cross radio programme, NRCS website, library and Red Cross
television programme. Over 500,000 vulnerable people will benefit through the integration of the
humanitarian values component in NRCS community-level interventions.
c) Potential risks and challenges
Although there have been previous efforts to integrate the humanitarian values component for
resource sharing and better results, funds for this have not been forthcoming. Further, without
increased human resources, further operation and scaling-up of the programme will be difficult.
Political instability is a possible risk. To manage the risk, NRCS will further strengthen its neutral and
impartial image among the external audience through dissemination of Red Cross knowledge on
International Humanitarian Law and the Fundamental Principles to political parties, civil society, and
the public. NRCS will further focus on promoting the behaviour of staff and volunteers in accordance
with the Red Cross principles and values. Since Nepal is in a socio-cultural transformation phase,
advocacy for the promotion of humanitarian values will be done with the political parties and
communities.
Role of the secretariat
The International Conference in 2007 made a resolution "Together for Humanity". It urged the Red
Cross Red Crescent Movement to address four key issues: a) environmental degradation and climate
change; b) humanitarian concerns generated by international migration; c) violence, in particular in
urban settings, and; d) emergent and recurrent diseases and other public health challenges such as
access to health care. The International Federation in-country, regional and zone offices will provide
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technical and financial support to the NRCS to respond to those issues. In addition, the
national/regional disaster response teams will be developed, strengthened and mobilized as per the
need of the country and the region. Similarly, the capacity of the NRCS will be further strengthened
based on the regional disaster management review findings and disaster management/disaster risk
reduction framework.
The International Federation country office in Kathmandu will continue to provide administrative and
financial support related to the programme implementation and requirements of donors. The
International Federation representative will focus on providing support for resource mobilization for the
annual plan and emergency appeals, for strategic issues and issues related to coordination and the
new operating models, as well as on facilitation for technical input for programme implementation and
capacity-building. In addition, the International Federation in Nepal will provide priority support for
Movement coordination and international representation.
a) Technical programme support
Technical support for programme implementation is facilitated by the International Federation Nepal
country office and generally provided by the South Asia regional office in New Delhi or other
International Federation country offices in the region. For specific areas, support is mobilized from the
zonal or global level or through external consultants. This support mechanism reflects the agreement
with the NRCS that the International Federation has a representative role in Nepal, implying that the
programme staff is with the NRCS and its programmatic capacity is built through regional support.
Through this mechanism, the NRCS’s health department, especially the HIV unit and the disaster
management department have close links with the regional health and disaster management units at
the South Asia regional office in New Delhi. Organizational development and humanitarian values are
supported by the International Federation’s regional office on a request basis.
For narrative and financial reporting support, the International Federation office in Nepal is closely
linked with the PMER unit at the regional office and the zone finance unit to make sure that reports are
of good quality and timely.
NRCS will continue to be a part of the Federation’s regional "building safer communities in South Asia"
initiative and contribute to the maximum possible extent to achieve its objectives. Similarly, as part of
the Global Alliance on HIV, the NRCS will focus on scaling-up HIV/AIDS activities and resources to
achieve the objectives.
Support on strategic issues, e.g. development plan and cooperation agreement strategy (CAS),
implementation of operational alliances and the Global Agenda will be provided or facilitated by the
International Federation country representative.
The regional health unit will continue to provide support to the NRCS in all aspects of health and care
programming and resource mobilization, expanding the HIV programming to new districts in line with
the Global Alliance commitments, and implementing the HIV programme’s mid-term evaluation
recommendations, as well as the community based first aid in action concept through trainings,
coaching and supervision.
b) Partnership development and coordination
The main partners contributing to the previous International Federation appeals (emergency and
annual) for Nepal were the following partner national societies: American Red Cross, Australian Red
Cross, Belgian (Flanders) Red Cross, British Red Cross, Danish Red Cross, Canadian Red Cross,
Finnish Red Cross, Liechtenstein Red Cross, Monaco Red Cross, New Zealand Red Cross,
Netherlands Red Cross, Korean Red Cross, Norwegian Red Cross, Japanese Red Cross, Singapore
Red Cross and most of all Swedish Red Cross.
With the NRCS having many partners within the Red Cross Red Crescent Movement and among
international organisations and donors, one of the major priorities for the International Federation
office in Nepal is coordination and relationship management.
The NRCS is part of the Global Alliance on HIV and has an operational alliance for the community
development programme. Both these new operating models of the International Federation of the
Future aim to bring partners together to harmonize programme frameworks. With the NRCS in a
leading role, the International Federation has taken a strong supportive role for both operating models.
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With the adoption of its 5th Development Plan 2008-10, the NRCS will also update its existing CAS
(cooperation agreement strategy) with the support of the International Federation. This will reflect that
two of the four partner national societies in the country are currently being integrated under the
International Federation umbrella, while the other two partner national societies keep regular and good
contact with the International Federation office. The ICRC has been a strong Movement partner and
coordination with them has been well-functioning through the coordination and management meetings,
which serve as the Movement platform for coordination in Nepal. Nepal has a good practice of
Movement cooperation through coordination and management meetings which are held fortnightly. It
provides updates of the national situation including security, as well as developments within the
NRCS, the ICRC and the International Federation. There is also a practice of sharing the coordination
and management meetings minutes among the Movement components. In addition, the Movement
components have signed a memorandum of understanding that defines the role of each component in
times of emergency response in Nepal.
During natural disasters, the International Federation office in Nepal supports the NRCS in fundraising
for its operations (through emergency appeals) and in giving technical support. It is worth noting that
the NRCS has been a reliable partner for some UN Agencies, such as WFP and UNICEF for relief in
the areas of food and water, as well as sanitation and hygiene. In addition to the strong bilateral ties,
the International Federation has developed a good relationship with the main international
humanitarian actors in Nepal, especially those represented in the humanitarian country team of the
Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) and the disaster management team.
c) Representation and Advocacy
In addition to the coordination activities with international partners in Nepal, the International
Federation office has been an active advocate of the national society’s neutrality and its auxiliary
status with the government. This advocacy role has not only been carried out during international
meetings, but also with relevant government authorities and the media.
The International Federation office is frequently representing and advocating for the national society
and its capacities during disaster response and preparedness meetings. Relationships with major
donors in the country, such as the European Commission, ECHO, USAID, Global Fund, etc. are
established to advocate for the NRCS and its programmes.
d) Other areas
On the International Federation’s convenor role in the emergency shelter cluster of the humanitarian
reform system, the International Federation office in Nepal is actively involved in the IASC contingency
planning exercise, focusing particularly on a potential major earthquake in Kathmandu valley.
Promoting gender equity and diversity39
The NRCS programmes will continue to emphasize gender balance and focus on the participation of
women, especially in decision-making processes at the community and institutional levels. The
gender and women development component of the volunteer development programme aims at
increasing women’s representation and effective participation in all levels of the national society.
Reflecting the social change and the empowerment of marginalized groups, social inclusion and
diversity has been included as a priority issue in the 5 th development plan of the NRCS. This crosscutting issue is also reflected in the humanitarian values programme, which focuses on reducing
discrimination and enhancing respect for diversity by reaching out its programmes to the marginalized.
Quality, accountability and learning
The NRCS will involve community members, with the assistance of volunteers, at different stages of
programme implementation including the assessment of their needs/problems; planning and
implementation of activities. This is to ensure the delivery of appropriate services based on the needs
of the communities, and promote local ownership and effective coordination leading to better
sustainability of programme interventions.
As the majority of the health and care programme activities are community-based, needs
assessments will be conducted using the participatory rural appraisal method and participatory
learning groups will be formed to carry out planned activities. The involvement of targeted groups, for
example, people living with HIV, will further contribute towards quality assurance. Under the disaster
South Asia regional office produced a study report on the Women Volunteers in South Asia Red Cross Red Crescent Societies in March
2006 which includes a case study from NRCS
39
74
N E P A L
management programme, community participation will ensure that activities are planned to address
local needs and take local resources and capacities into consideration. Programme staff will work with
beneficiaries to mobilize local resources for better risk reduction and recovery measures. Further, the
involvement of all stakeholders in the planning and implementation stages of the programmes will help
ensure accountability.
The NRCS will also develop policies and database systems that will contribute to programme
efficiency. The volunteer management system will be standardised and the core programmes will
work with the volunteer management programme to develop a database of volunteers working in their
specialised areas. This will improve knowledge management and learning. The existing resource
mobilisation policy will also help to standardize programme activities.
How we work
The International Federation’s
activities are aligned with its Global
Agenda, which sets out four broad
goals to meet the International
Federation's mission to "improve the
lives of vulnerable people by
mobilizing the power of humanity".




Global Agenda Goals:
Reduce the numbers of deaths, injuries and impact
from disasters;
Reduce the number of deaths, illnesses and impact
from diseases and public health emergencies;
Increase local community, civil society and Red Cross
Red Crescent capacity to address the most urgent
situations of vulnerability;
Reduce intolerance, discrimination and social
exclusion and promote respect for diversity and human
dignity.
Contact information
For further information specifically related to this plan, please contact:

In Nepal: Umesh Prasad Dhakal, Executive Director, Nepal Red Cross Society ;
email:umesh@nrcs.org; phone: + 977.14.27.0650; fax: +977.14.27.1915;

In Nepal: Andrea Reisinger, Federation representative; email: andrea.reisinger@ifrc.org;
phone: +977.14.28.5843; fax: +977.14.28.6048;

In Delhi: Al Panico, Head of South Asia Regional office; email: al.panico@ifrc.org; phone:
+91.11.2411.11 25; fax: +91.11.2411.1128.
In Kuala Lumpur: Asia Pacific Zone office; phone: +603.9207.5700; fax: + 603.2161.0670

Jagan Chapagain, Deputy head of Asia Pacific Zone Office; email: jagan.chapagain@ifrc.org;

Penny Elghady, Resource mobilization and planning, monitoring and evaluation, and reporting
(PMER) coordinator); email: penny.elghady@ifrc.org;

Please send pledges of funding to zonerm.asiapacific@ifrc.org.
75
N E P A L
ANNEX IV.
INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN FUNDING FOR NEPAL IN 2008
Table I: Nepal Common Appeal for Transition Support 2008
Requirements, Commitments/Contributions and Pledges (grouped by Thematic Area)
as of 13 January 2009
http://www.reliefweb.int/fts
Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by donors and appealing organisations
Thematic Area
Original
Requirements
Revised
Requirements
Funding
%
Covered
Unmet
Requirements
Uncommitted
Pledges
A
B
C
C/B
B-C
D
Value in US$
CHILDREN AFFECTED BY ARMED CONFLICT (CAAC)
4,888,680
3,738,680
2,495,272
67%
1,243,408
-
COORDINATION
1,929,000
DISASTER PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE
8,465,124
2,125,212
896,600
42%
1,228,612
-
7,897,624
1,483,908
19%
6,413,716
-
44,252,785
40,211,224
29,361,824
73%
10,849,400
778,816
EMERGENCY HEALTH PREPAREDNESS AND
RESPONSE
6,119,168
6,218,268
3,701,401
60%
2,516,867
-
INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS (IDPs)
3,321,000
2,215,500
1,905,029
86%
310,471
-
MINE ACTION
1,250,800
912,720
489,703
54%
423,017
-
PROTECTION (Including Child Protection)
13,626,744
13,870,844
14,633,459
105%
(762,615)
-
REFUGEES
20,615,412
28,648,484
21,968,455
77%
6,680,029
-
-
599,072
-
0%
599,072
-
104,468,713
106,437,628
76,935,651
72%
29,501,977
778,816
EMERGENCY FOOD SECURITY AND NUTRITION
THEMATIC AREA NOT YET SPECIFIED
Grand Total
NOTE: "Funding" means Contributions + Commitments + Carry-over
Pledge:
a non-binding announcement of an intended contribution or allocation by the donor. ("Uncommitted pledge" on these tables indicates the balance of original pledges not
yet committed).
Commitment:
creation of a legal, contractual obligation between the donor and recipient entity, specifying the amount to be contributed.
Contribution:
the actual payment of funds or transfer of in-kind goods from the donor to the recipient entity.
The list of projects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snapshot as of 13 January 2009. For continuously updated information on projects, funding
requirements, and contributions to date, visit the Financial Tracking Service (www.reliefweb.int/fts).
76
N E P A L
Table II: Nepal Common Appeal for Transition Support 2008
Requirements, Commitments/Contributions and Pledges (grouped by Appealing Organisation)
as of 13 January 2009
http://www.reliefweb.int/fts
Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by donors and appealing organisations
Appealing Organisation
Original
Requirements
Revised
Requirements
Funding
A
B
C
Values in US$
AAIN
250,000
250,000
ACF
653,100
653,100
ADRA-Nepal
120,000
120,000
BNMT
93,397
93,397
CECI
400,000
CONCERN
342,100
%
Unmet Requirements
Covered
C/B
25,000
B-C
Uncommitted
Pledges
D
10%
225,000
-
-
0%
653,100
-
10,000
8%
110,000
-
-
0%
93,397
-
400,000
50,000
13%
350,000
-
342,100
219,258
64%
122,842
-
CWN
1,344,000
931,500
-
0%
931,500
-
FAO
1,980,000
1,980,000
1,299,998
66%
680,002
-
HI
1,423,550
1,431,350
1,495,643
100%
(64,293)
-
HimRights
111,000
111,000
8,000
7%
103,000
-
IHRICON
121,864
121,864
6,984
6%
114,880
-
IRC
2,793,000
1,396,500
1,116,000
80%
280,500
-
LWF Nepal
1,127,865
1,127,865
-
0%
1,127,865
-
770,000
770,000
1,055,365
100%
(285,365)
-
2,460,000
1,660,000
1,339,529
81%
320,471
-
NRCS
151,000
75,500
-
0%
75,500
-
OCHA
1,929,000
2,125,212
896,600
42%
1,228,612
-
MERLIN
NRC
OCHA (ERF)
-
599,072
-
0%
599,072
-
10,500,000
10,500,000
13,858,862
100%
(3,358,862)
-
-
94,720
-
0%
94,720
-
Plan Nepal
138,665
138,665
-
0%
138,665
-
RRN
400,000
400,000
100,000
25%
300,000
-
OHCHR
Partnership Nepal
SC Alliance
3,780,600
2,326,000
2,138,566
92%
187,434
-
SCG
360,000
360,000
87,000
24%
273,000
-
TPO
402,680
402,680
58,697
15%
343,983
-
UNDP
4,348,208
4,348,208
380,000
9%
3,968,208
-
UNFPA
1,459,000
1,459,000
801,693
55%
657,307
-
450,000
450,000
-
0%
450,000
-
UNHCR
8,816,252
12,334,864
9,116,187
74%
3,218,677
-
UNICEF
5,417,282
5,485,982
3,025,778
55%
2,460,204
-
UNIFEM
-
1,000,000
-
0%
1,000,000
-
Various
-
-
-
0%
-
-
WFP
51,358,879
51,831,778
39,546,491
76%
12,285,287
778,816
WHO
967,271
1,117,271
300,000
27%
817,271
-
104,468,713
106,437,628
76,935,651
72%
29,501,977
778,816
UN-HABITAT
GRAND TOTAL
NOTE: "Funding" means Contributions + Commitments + Carry-over
Pledge:
a non-binding announcement of an intended contribution or allocation by the donor. ("Uncommitted pledge" on these tables indicates the balance of original pledges not
yet committed).
Commitment:
creation of a legal, contractual obligation between the donor and recipient entity, specifying the amount to be contributed.
Contribution:
the actual payment of funds or transfer of in-kind goods from the donor to the recipient entity.
The list of projects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snapshot as of 13 January 2009. For continuously updated information on projects, funding
requirements, and contributions to date, visit the Financial Tracking Service (www.reliefweb.int/fts).
77
N E P A L
Table III: Nepal Common Appeal for Transition Support 2008
Total Funding per Donor (to projects listed in the Appeal)
as of 13 January 2009
http://www.reliefweb.int/fts
Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by donors and appealing organisations
Donor
% of
Grand Total
Funding
Uncommitted
Pledges
Values in US$
United States
18,693,298
24.3 %
-
Carry-over (donors not specified)
11,179,307
14.5 %
-
Allocations of unearmarked funds by UN agencies
10,107,393
13.1 %
-
Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF)
8,997,220
11.7 %
-
European Commission (ECHO)
8,539,246
11.1 %
-
Private (individuals & organisations)
2,808,976
3.7 %
-
Australia
2,693,739
3.5 %
-
Japan
2,500,000
3.2 %
-
Netherlands
2,253,898
2.9 %
-
United Kingdom
2,051,724
2.7 %
-
Canada
1,341,138
1.7 %
-
Finland
1,171,303
1.5 %
-
Denmark
998,043
1.3 %
-
Switzerland
985,031
1.3 %
-
Germany
778,816
1.0 %
-
Norway
690,335
0.9 %
-
Luxembourg
650,568
0.8 %
-
New Zealand
315,010
0.4 %
-
Austria
147,929
0.2 %
-
Ireland
22,693
0.0 %
-
9,984
0.0 %
-
0
0.0 %
778,816
76,935,651
100.0 %
778,816
Thailand
Italy
Grand Total
NOTE: "Funding" means Contributions + Commitments + Carry-over
Pledge:
a non-binding announcement of an intended contribution or allocation by the donor. ("Uncommitted pledge" on these tables indicates the balance of original pledges not
yet committed).
Commitment:
creation of a legal, contractual obligation between the donor and recipient entity, specifying the amount to be contributed.
Contribution:
the actual payment of funds or transfer of in-kind goods from the donor to the recipient entity.
The list of projects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snapshot as of 13 January 2009. For continuously updated information on projects, funding
requirements, and contributions to date, visit the Financial Tracking Service (www.reliefweb.int/fts).
78
N E P A L
Table IV: Other Humanitarian Funding to Nepal 2008
List of Commitments/Contributions and Pledges to Projects not Listed in the Appeal
as of 13 January 2009
http://www.reliefweb.int/fts
Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by donors and appealing organisations.
Appealing Organisation
Description
Page 1 of 3
Uncommitted
Pledges
Funding
Values in US$
Action by Churches Together (ACT)
ACT
Relief assistance to flood survivors, Kailali District, western Nepal
Subtotal for Action by Churches Together (ACT)
59,222
-
59,222
-
275,736
-
275,736
-
723,919
-
723,919
-
421,331
-
52,085
-
Australia
UNICEF
Accepted against Nepal country programme (not recorded as emergency contribution by UNICEF)
Subtotal for Australia
Belgium
RC/Belgium
Access to clean water & sanitation (TH/2008/08)
Subtotal for Belgium
Denmark
Danchurchaid
Assistance to Bhutanese Refugee and Host Communities in Eastern Nepal - shelter
(46.H.7-2--151.f)
NRCS
Humanitarian relief operations by Nepal Red Cross Society in response to western flood
(46.Nepal.5.b.NepalRedCross.08.)
NRCS
Material Relief (46.Nepal.5.b.NepalRedCross.08.)
Subtotal for Denmark
52,078
-
525,494
-
793,157
-
1,088,647
-
European Commission Humanitarian Aid Office
CARE Austria
Humanitarian Assistance to the Vulnerable Communities of Achham District of Far Western
Development Region (ECHO/NPL/BUD/2008/01001)
ICRC
ICRC protection activities in Nepal
(ECHO/NPL/BUD/2008/01006)
Mission Ost - DNK
Clean water, improved sanitation and hygiene knowledge in rural villages of Humla and Mugu
(ECHO/NPL/BUD/2008/01005)
699,844
MSF - Netherlands
Medical support programme, Kalikot District (ECHO/NPL/BUD/2008/01010)
786,164
-
-
1,464,129
3,367,812
1,464,129
UN Agencies, NGOs and Red Cross
Emergency Humanitarian Assistance to flood victims in Nepal [ECHO/-SA/BUD/2008/02000]
Subtotal for European Commission Humanitarian Aid Office
The list of projects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snapshot as of 13 January 2009. For continuously updated information on projects, funding
requirements, and contributions to date, visit the Financial Tracking Service (www.reliefweb.int/fts).
79
N E P A L
Table IV: Other Humanitarian Funding to Nepal 2008
List of Commitments/Contributions and Pledges to Projects not Listed in the Appeal
as of 13 January 2009
http://www.reliefweb.int/fts
Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by donors and appealing organisations.
Appealing Organisation
Description
Page 2 of 3
Funding
Uncommitted
Pledges
Values in US$
Germany
DWH
Food aid and social rehabilitation in Nepal (Ref.: Pol 32.50/2)
NRCS
Supply of 1,220 non food relief items (VN05 321.50 NPL 01/08)
1,293,661
-
74,298
-
UNICEF
Programme for Reintegration of Children and Adolescents Formerly Associated with Armed Forced
and Armed Groups. Additional payment received 27 June 2008 (Accepted against the Nepal country
programme. Final payment of $181,250 received 16 October 2008) - not recorded as emergency
contribution by UNICEF
181,250
-
UNICEF
Programme for Reintegration of Children and Adolescents Formerly Associated with Armed Forced
and Armed Groups. Final payment received 16 October 2008 - not recorded as emergency
contribution by UNICEF
181,250
-
UNICEF
Programme for Reintegration of Children and Adolescents Formerly Associated with Armed Forced
and Armed Groups. Funds expected in 2008 were $725,000; however, to date $362,500 was
recorded - not recorded as emergency contribution by UNICEF
362,500
-
2,092,959
-
131,466
-
131,466
-
Subtotal for Germany
Ireland
Plan Ireland
To distribute nutritional food, to provide a safe learning camp environment, to support the district
public health offices and to provide adequate and safe hygiene practises in the camps (PLAN 08 05)
Subtotal for Ireland
Italy
ICRC
To assist affected population
157,233
-
IFRC
To assist affected population (MDRNP002)
147,710
-
304,943
-
217,357
-
217,357
-
Subtotal for Italy
Luxembourg
Luxembourg RC
Distribution of shelter kits to flood victims
Subtotal for Luxembourg
Norway
APT
NPL 1081079/Prevention of torture in Nepal
32,412
-
Norsk senter for menneskerettigheter
NPL 1081063/Human Rights in Nepal
59,289
-
91,701
-
25,000
-
25,000
-
Subtotal for Norway
Sri Lanka
Bilateral (to affected government)
Relief assistance for victims of recent floods
Subtotal for Sri Lanka
The list of projects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snapshot as of 13 January 2009. For continuously updated information on projects, funding
requirements, and contributions to date, visit the Financial Tracking Service (www.reliefweb.int/fts).
80
N E P A L
Table IV: Other Humanitarian Funding to Nepal 2008
List of Commitments/Contributions and Pledges to Projects not Listed in the Appeal
as of 13 January 2009
http://www.reliefweb.int/fts
Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by donors and appealing organisations.
Appealing Organisation
Description
Page 3 of 3
Funding
Uncommitted
Pledges
Values in US$
Sweden
ICRC
Humanitarian support through ICRC
229,926
-
OCHA
Humanitarian support to people affected by the floods
145,732
-
Plan Sweden
Humanitarian support to people affected by the floods
145,732
-
RC/Sweden
Humanitarian support to people affected by the floods
153,945
-
SMR
Humanitarian support to people affected by the floods
149,239
-
SRSA
ICT support through OCHA/UNDAC
50,688
-
875,262
-
50,000
-
50,000
-
27,000
-
27,000
-
Subtotal for Sweden
Turkey
Bilateral (to affected government)
Humanitarian assistance to flood-affected population
Subtotal for Turkey
United Nations Office for Project Services
Programme for Mine Risk Education, Advocacy, Victim Assistance and Surveillance - Accepted
against the Nepal country programme (not recorded as emergency contribution by UNICEF)
UNICEF
Subtotal for United Nations Office for Project Services
United States of America
IFRC
Provide emergency shelter materials for the displaced living in camps, also for those who will
eventually return to their homes and for the host families who are sheltering the displaced
500,000
-
IRD
Economy and Market Systems, Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (DFD-G-00-08-00167-00)
471,772
-
NSET
Earthquake Preparedness and Mitigation
429,516
-
SC - US
Emergency Relief Supplies
150,000
-
SC Alliance
Disaster Risk Reduction, Health, Relief
Commodities, Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene
299,951
-
USAID/Nepal
Asia/Regional Support - Travel (USAID Nepal)
USAID/Nepal
Immediate provisions of emergency non-food relief items and shelter materials to flood-victims
Subtotal for United States of America
Grand Total
41,300
-
850,000
-
2,742,539
-
11,510,410
1,464,129
NOTE: "Funding" means Contributions + Commitments + Carry-over
Pledge:
a non-binding announcement of an intended contribution or allocation by the donor. ("Uncommitted pledge" on these tables indicates the balance of original pledges not
yet committed).
Commitment:
creation of a legal, contractual obligation between the donor and recipient entity, specifying the amount to be contributed.
Contribution:
the actual payment of funds or transfer of in-kind goods from the donor to the recipient entity.
The list of projects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snapshot as of 13 January 2009. For continuously updated information on projects, funding
requirements, and contributions to date, visit the Financial Tracking Service (www.reliefweb.int/fts).
81
N E P A L
Table V: Nepal 2008
Total Humanitarian Assistance per Donor (Appeal plus other*)
as of 13 January 2009
http://www.reliefweb.int/fts
Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by donors and appealing organisations
Donor
% of
Grand Total
Funding
Uncommitted
Pledges
Values in US$
United States
21,635,837
21.9 %
-
European Commission (ECHO)
14,284,544
14.5 %
1,464,129
Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF)
12,640,818
12.8 %
-
Carry-over (donors not specified)
11,179,307
11.3 %
-
Allocations of unearmarked funds by UN agencies
10,107,393
10.2 %
-
Australia
3,800,957
3.9 %
-
Private (individuals & organisations)
3,578,069
3.6 %
-
Germany
2,871,775
2.9 %
-
Japan
2,500,000
2.5 %
-
Netherlands
2,253,898
2.3 %
-
Denmark
2,085,653
2.1 %
-
United Kingdom
2,051,724
2.1 %
-
Canada
1,527,532
1.5 %
-
Norway
1,428,207
1.4 %
-
Switzerland
1,370,996
1.4 %
-
Finland
1,171,303
1.2 %
-
Sweden
875,262
0.9 %
437,198
Luxembourg
867,925
0.9 %
-
Belgium
723,919
0.7 %
-
France
646,831
0.7 %
-
New Zealand
315,010
0.3 %
-
Italy
304,943
0.3 %
778,816
Ireland
154,159
0.2 %
-
Austria
147,929
0.2 %
-
Turkey
50,000
0.1 %
-
Others
44,984
0.0 %
-
98,618,975
100 %
2,680,143
Grand Total
NOTE: "Funding" means Contributions + Commitments + Carry-over
Pledge:
a non-binding announcement of an intended contribution or allocation by the donor. ("Uncommitted pledge" on these tables indicates the balance of original pledges
not yet committed).
Commitment:
creation of a legal, contractual obligation between the donor and recipient entity, specifying the amount to be contributed.
Contribution:
the actual payment of funds or transfer of in-kind goods from the donor to the recipient entity.
* Includes contributions to the Consolidated Appeal (Nepal Common Appeal for Transition Support 2008 and the Nepal Floods Humanitarian Response Plan 2008) and additional
contributions outside of the Consolidated Appeal Process (bilateral, Red Cross, etc.)
The list of projects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snapshot as of 13 January 2009. For continuously updated information on projects, funding
requirements, and contributions to date, visit the Financial Tracking Service (www.reliefweb.int/fts).
82
N E P A L
Table VI: Nepal Common Appeal for Transition Support 2008
Requirements, Commitments/Contributions and Pledges (grouped by IASC Standard Sector)
as of 13 January 2009
http://www.reliefweb.int/fts
Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by donors and appealing organisations
Sector
Original
Requirements
Revised
Requirements
Funding
%
Covered
Unmet
Requirements
Uncommitted
Pledges
A
B
C
C/B
B-C
D
Value in US$
2,367,221
2,367,221
COORDINATION AND SUPPORT SERVICES
10,400,019
FOOD
50,960,726
HEALTH
MINE ACTION
AGRICULTURE
1,299,998
55%
1,067,223
-
10,530,062
2,490,562
24%
8,039,500
-
50,932,294
39,148,338
77%
11,783,956
778,816
7,237,438
7,336,538
5,069,004
69%
2,267,534
-
1,250,800
912,720
489,703
54%
423,017
-
8,816,252
12,334,864
9,116,187
74%
3,218,677
-
21,176,424
19,165,024
18,833,760
98%
331,264
-
-
599,072
-
0%
599,072
-
SHELTER AND NON-FOOD ITEMS
1,110,000
1,110,000
200,000
18%
910,000
-
WATER AND SANITATION
1,149,833
1,149,833
288,099
25%
861,734
-
104,468,713
106,437,628
76,935,651
72%
29,501,977
778,816
MULTI-SECTOR
PROTECTION/HUMAN RIGHTS/RULE OF LAW
SECTOR NOT YET SPECIFIED
GRAND TOTAL
NOTE: "Funding" means Contributions + Commitments + Carry-over
Pledge:
a non-binding announcement of an intended contribution or allocation by the donor. ("Uncommitted pledge" on these tables indicates the balance of original pledges not
yet committed).
Commitment:
creation of a legal, contractual obligation between the donor and recipient entity, specifying the amount to be contributed.
Contribution:
the actual payment of funds or transfer of in-kind goods from the donor to the recipient entity.
The list of projects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snapshot as of 13 January 2009. For continuously updated information on projects, funding
requirements, and contributions to date, visit the Financial Tracking Service (www.reliefweb.int/fts).
83
N E P A L
ANNEX V.
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
ACF
ADB
ADPC
ADRA
ADRC
AGE
AMDA
AMMAA
APF
ARI
Action Contre la Faim
Asian Development Bank
Asian Urban Disaster Mitigation Programme
Adventist Development and Relief Agency
Asian Disaster Reduction Centre
acute gastroenteritis
Association of Medical Doctors of Asia
Agreement on Monitoring of the Management of Arms and Armies
Armed Police Force
acute respiratory infection
BNMT
BOGs
British Nepal Medical Trust
Basic Operating Guidelines
CA
CAAC
CAAFAG
CAC
CAP
CARE
CAS
CB
CBDP
CBO
CBS
CCCM
CDRC
CERF
CHAP
CHF
CMAM
CMC
CPA
CPN/M
CREHPA
CSOs
CWIN
CWW
Constituent Assembly
children associated with armed conflict
children associated with armed forces and armed groups
Community Action Centre
Consolidated Appeal Process
Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere
Cooperation agreement strategy
capacity-building
community-based disaster preparedness
community-based organisation
Central Bureau of Statistics
Camp Coordination and Camp Management
Central Disaster Relief Committee
Central Emergency Response Fund
common humanitarian action plan
Swiss franc
community-based management of acute malnutrition
Camp Management Committee
Comprehensive Peace Agreement
Communist Party of Nepal – Maoist
Centre for Research on Environmental Health and Population Activities
civil society organizations
Child Workers in Nepal Concerned Centre
Concern World-Wide
DEOs
DEPROSC
DHO
DHS
DipECHO
DMC
DPHO
DPNet
DRM
DRR
DTM
District Election Officers
Development Project Services Centre
District Health Office
Department of Health Services
Disaster Preparedness - European Commission Humanitarian Aid Office
Disaster Management Committee
District Public Health Office
Disaster Preparedness Network
disaster risk management
disaster risk reduction
displacement tracking matrix
ECD
ECHO
EDCD
EHNWG
EOC
EOD
ERC
ERW
early childhood development
European Commission Humanitarian Aid Office
Epidemiology and Disease Control Division
Emergency Health and Nutrition Working Group
Emergency Operations Centre
explosive ordnance disposal
Emergency Relief Coordinator
explosive remnants of war
FAO
FM
FSMAS
FTS
Food and Agriculture Organization
frequency modulation
Field Surveillance Monitoring and Analysis System
Financial Tracking Service
GAM
GBV
Global Acute Malnutrition
Gender Based Violence
84
N E P A L
GESI
GHI
GoN
GTZ
Gender equality/social inclusion
Global Hunger Index
Government of Nepal
German Society for Technical Cooperation
HC
HDI
HDR
HFA
HFHIN
HimRights
HIV/AIDS
Humanitarian Coordinator
Human Development Index
Human Development Report
Hyogo Framework of Action
Habitat for Humanity International - Nepal
Himalayan Human Rights Monitors
Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus/Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome
I/NGO
IASC
ICIMOD
ICLA
ICRC
IDP
IEC
IED
IEDD
IEHK
IFAD
IFRC
ILO
IMR
INSARAG
INSEC
IOM
IRC
IRD
ISFP
international / non-governmental organisation
Inter-Agency Standing Committee
Centre for Integrated Mountain Development
information, counselling and legal assistance
International Committee of the Red Cross
Internally displaced persons
information, education and communication
improvised explosive device
improvised explosive device disposal
inter-agency emergency health kits
International Fund for Agricultural Development
International Federation of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
International Labour Organization
infant mortality rate
International Search and Rescue Advisory Group
Informal Sector Service Centre
International Organization for Migration
International Rescue Committee
International Relief and Development
Initiative of Soaring Food Prices
JICA
JTMM
Japan International Cooperation Agency
Janatantrik Terai Mukti Morcha
KAP
KVS
knowledge, attitude and practice
Koshi Victims Society
MAJWG
MAU
MAWG
MCS
MDG
MDM
MMR
MoHP
MOU
MRE
Mine Action Joint Working Group
Mine Action Unit
Mine Action Working Group
Maoist Army Cantonment Sites
Millennium Development Goals
Médecins du Monde
maternal mortality rate
Ministry of Health and Population
Memorandum of Understanding
mine risk education
NA
NAF
NCBL
NDHS
NDRI
NMAA
NP
NPR
NPTF
NRC
NRCS
NSDRM
NSET
NUCRA
Nepal Army
Needs Analysis Framework
Ban Landmines Campaign in Nepal
Nepal Demographic Health Survey
Nepal Development Research Institute
National Mine Action Authority
Nepal Police
Nepalese Rupee
Nepal Peace Trust Fund
Norwegian Refugee Council
Nepal Red Cross Society
National Strategy for Disaster Risk Management
National Society for Earthquake Technology-Nepal
National Unit for Coordination of Refugee Affairs
OCHA
OFDA
OHCHR
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
Office of (U.S.) Foreign Disaster Assistance
Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
85
N E P A L
PMER
PMT
PPCC
planning, monitoring, evaluation and reporting
Protection Monitoring Team
Partnerships for Protecting Children in Armed Conflict Network
RSD
refugee status determination
SAARC
SAM
SAPPROS Nepal
SC-Alliance
SFCG
SLTDC
SOP
STI
SZOP
South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
severe acute malnutrition
Support Activities for Poor Producers of Nepal
Save the Children Alliance
Search for Common Ground
Shelter and Low Cost Technology Centre
standard operating procedures
sexually transmitted infection
Schools as Zone of Peace
TB
TPO
TRC
TV
tuberculosis
Transcultural Psychosocial Organisation
Tibetan Reception Centre
television
UCEP
UN
UNCT
UNDAF
UNDP
UNFPA
UNHCR
UNICEF
UNMAS
UNMAT
UNMIN
UNOHR
UNOPS
UNPFN
UNSCR
UNV
URL
US
USAID
Under-Privileged Children’s Educational Programme
United Nations
United Nations Country Team
United Nations Development Assistance Framework
United Nations Development Programme
United Nations Population Fund
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
United Nations Children’s Fund
United Nations Mine Action Service
United Nations Mine Action Team
United Nations Mission in Nepal
United Nations Office of the High Representative for the Least Developed Countries,
Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States
United Nations Operational Project Services
United Nations Peace Fund for Nepal
United Nations Security Council Resolution
United Nations Volunteers
Uniform Resource Locator
United States
United States Agency for International Development
V/C
VDC
vulnerability and crisis (indices – part of ECHO Global Needs Assessment)
village development committee
WASH
WB
WFP
WHO
WVI
water, sanitation and hygiene
World Bank
World Food Programme
World Health Organization
World Vision International
86
Consolidated Appeal Process (CAP)
The CAP is a tool for aid organisations to jointly plan, coordinate, implement and monitor their
response to disasters and emergencies, and to appeal for funds together instead of competitively.
It is the forum for developing a strategic approach to humanitarian action, focusing on close
cooperation between host governments, donors, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), the
International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, International Organization for Migration (IOM),
and United Nations agencies. As such, it presents a snapshot of the situation and response plans,
and is an inclusive and coordinated programme cycle of:






Strategic planning leading to a Common Humanitarian Action Plan (CHAP);
Resource mobilisation leading to a Consolidated Appeal or a Flash Appeal;
Coordinated programme implementation;
Joint monitoring and evaluation;
Revision, if necessary;
Reporting on results.
The CHAP is the core of the CAP – a strategic plan for humanitarian response in a given country or
region, including the following elements:






A common analysis of the context in which humanitarian action takes place;
An assessment of needs;
Best, worst, and most likely scenarios;
A clear statement of longer-term objectives and goals;
Prioritised response plans, including a detailed mapping of projects to cover all needs;
A framework for monitoring the strategy and revising it if necessary.
The CHAP is the core of a Consolidated Appeal or, when crises break out or natural disasters strike, a
Flash Appeal. Under the leadership of the Humanitarian Coordinator, and in consultation with host
Governments and donors, the CHAP is developed at the field level by the Humanitarian Country
Team. This team includes IASC members and standing invitees (UN agencies, the International
Organization for Migration, the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, and NGOs that
belong to ICVA, Interaction, or SCHR), but non-IASC members, such as national NGOs, can also be
included.
The Humanitarian Coordinator is responsible for the annual preparation of the consolidated appeal
document. The document is launched globally near the end of each year to enhance advocacy and
resource mobilisation. An update, known as the Mid-Year Review, is presented to donors the
following July.
Donors generally fund appealing agencies directly in response to project proposals listed in appeals.
The Financial Tracking Service (FTS), managed by the United Nations Office for the Coordination of
Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), is a database of appeal funding needs and worldwide donor
contributions, and can be found on www.reliefweb.int/fts.
In sum, the CAP is how aid agencies join forces to provide people in need the best available
protection and assistance, on time.
O FFI CE FO R THE C O O RDI N ATI O N O F HUM ANI T ARI AN AF F AI RS
(OCHA)
UNITED NATIONS
NEW YORK, NY 10017
USA
PALAIS DES NATIONS
1211 GENEVA 10
SWITZERLAND