Lab: Lipids
Biology
A. Introduction:
1. List 3 different foods that have lipids.
a. ___________
b. ___________
c. ___________
2. List 2 specific lipids found in the human body.
Also state the function of each of the lipids.
a. _____________ - __________________
b. _____________ - __________________
3. Complete the chart:
Lipid Type
Use by Organisms(list 2)
fat
oil
waxes
4. Differentiate between saturated and unsaturated by
completing the chart below:
Fat Type
# of hydrogen
Food examples:
atoms(maximum possible or (List 2)
not the maximum possible)
saturated
unsaturated
a. In what type of organisms do you find saturated
fats? _____________
b. What is a health risk of eating saturated fats?
_________________________________________
c. In what type of organism do you find
unsaturated fats? ________________________
d. What is a benefit of eating unsaturated fats?
_______________________________________
B. Components of a Lipid
1. Glycerol(Refer to the model sheet)
a. What elements are present in glycerol?
___________________________________
b. Are there any elements in glycerol that are
not in carbohydrates? ___________
c. What is the chemical formula for glycerol?
_______________________
(HINT: Write as a CHO molecule including
correct subscripts)
d. What is the ratio of hydrogen to oxygen in
glycerol? ____________
e. How does this ratio compare to the ratio of
H:O in carbohydrates? _________________
______________________________________
2. Fatty Acids(Refer to the model sheet)
a. Are all fatty acids the same? _______
Explain: ______________________________
b. What elements are found in all fatty acids?
_______________________________________
c. Write the chemical formula for:
1. caproic acid - ___________
2. butyric acid - ___________
(Write formulas as CHO’s, then add
subscripts)
d. Does a 2:1 ratio of H:O atoms exist in fatty
acids? _______________
e. Is the ratio of H:O atoms the same in all fatty
acids? _________ Explain: ______________
_______________________________________
(Compare caproic and butyric acid)
f. Butyric acid ends in a group that looks like
this: COOH. This group is called the
carboxyl group. Do the other 2 fatty acids
have this group? _________
C. Combining Glycerol and Fatty Acids to form a Lipid
1. Cut out the glycerol and 3 fatty acid models along
the solid lines.
2. Remove the 3“H” groups from the glycerol model
3. Remove an “OH” group from each of the fatty acids
(Do NOT throw these groups away)
4. EQUATION WRITING:(Use the drawing paper)
a. Write the names of the compounds that are
the reactants, then place a plus sign between
the names
b. Draw an arrow after the reactants pointing to
the right
c. To the right of the arrow, glue the glycerol
and the fatty acids together like pieces of a
puzzle
d. Name the compound under the model
e. Place a plus sign after the lipid molecule
f. Glue the “OH” and “H” groups to form a
different compound
g. Name the compound beneath the models
5. Is the chemical reaction between the fatty acids and
the glycerol an example of hydrolysis or dehydration?
__________________. Explain: ___________________
______________________________________________.