Reading, pages 46-55
“From Mendel to the Human Genome:
Solving the Heredity Puzzle”
HEADING:
1.
Give an example of a feature of pea plants that Mendel observed, and list the traits associated with that feature.
2.
What does the term “P generation” refer to?
3.
What does the term “F1 generation” mean?
4.
Explain the difference between self-pollinating and cross-pollinating.
5.
In the picture on page 47, what do the colors white and gray each mean?
6.
Mendel knew that the F1 pea plants had one tall “factor” and one short “factor”. When Mendel saw that no F1 pea plants were short,
what did he conclude about the tall-plant factor?
7.
If a trait or factor is deemed to be “recessive”, that means it will only show up as a trait in the offspring if what gets passed on by
each parent?
8.
Draw a Punnett Square for the offspring of parent pea plants that each
have the genotype “Tt” for the feature of height.         
What fraction of these offspring would be short? ________________
9.
Summarize the “two principles that proved to be huge breakthroughs” in heredity.
a.
b.
10. Every cell in an organism has _____________________________________________________________ as all the other cells in that organism’s body,
and every member of the same species has __________________________________________________________________ as all the other members.
11. In terms of chromosomes, what is the difference between “normal” cells and sex cells (such as sperm or eggs)?
12. The DNA molecule is _______________(# w/units) long. The only reason it fits into the ________________________(noun) of a cell at all is
because it __________________________(verb) into shapes called _________________________________________(noun).
13. What does “homozygous” mean?
14. What does “heterozygous” mean?
15. Genotype refers to an organism’s ________________(noun), and phenotype refers to how the organism ____________________(verb). If a
trait/phenotype is _______________________________(adjective), it can be difficult to know if the genotype for that trait is heterozygous or
homozygous.
16. What percentage of your DNA is the same as everyone else’s? ________________. About how many genes do humans have?
_________________________________ What percentage of your genes are typically “active”? ______________