CHAPTER 3 REVIEW
CHROMOSOMES
What is a homolog? Where do they come from?
Are sex chromosomes homologous?
Are autosomes homologous?
What is the “pinch point” of a chromosome called?
Draw an example of each of the following:
Metacentric chromosome
Submetacentric chromosome
Acrocentric chromosome
Telocentric chromosome
What is a karyotype? How are they arranged?
Chromosomes for a karyotype are in what stage of the cell cycle?
What does 11p7.2 tell you?
MITOSIS
In somatic cells, what are the 2 main phases of the cell cycle?
What are the phases of Mitosis?
List the steps that make up Interphase. Give a brief description of each.
Give a brief description of what happens in each of the following phases:
Prophase
Early
Mid
Late
Metaphase
Anaphase
Early
Late
Telophase
Distinguish between Telophase in animal and plant cells
MEIOSIS
What is Meiosis? What is the product?
PROPHASE I
Leptonema: Discuss the telomere, nuclear membrane, and bouquet.
Zygonema: What is the purpose of the synapsis process?
Pachynema: Name the genetic phenomenon that occurs now? Why is this significant?
Diplonema: What happens here?
When is this completed in human females?
When is meiosis completed in these girls?
Diakinesis: List the significant events:
What chromosomes experience crossing-over?
List the major events for:
Metaphase I
Anaphase I
Telophase I
Prophase II
Metaphase II
Anaphase II
Telophase II
GENE SEGREGATION
How does meiosis end in haploid cells?
Why do siblings end up with different combinations of chromosomes?
How many possible chromosome combinations results from 4 chromosome pairs?
How does crossing-over increase genetic variation?
What is the only haploid stage of most animal life cycles?
Where are male gametes formed? What is the process?
Where are female gametes formed? What is the process?
What is a flower?
What are the 2 phases of development for sexually reproducing plants?
When does the gametophyte phase begin?
When does the sporophyte phase begin?