Name _______________________________ Date ________________ Hour__________
CHAPTER 3 ROCKS
Reading Guide
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Chapter 3.2 Igneous Rocks
Read this section on pages 70-74 and answer the following questions.
1. When do igneous
rocks form? ______________________________________________________________________
Formation of Igneous Rocks
2. What does the Latin
word ignis mean? __________________________________________________________________
Intrusive Igneous Rocks
3. What are intrusive
igneous rocks?_____________________________________________________________________
4. Why does
magma rise? ______________________________________________________________________
Extrusive Igneous Rocks
5. Give two ways magma differs from lava.
a. ___________________________________________________________________________
b. ___________________________________________________________________________
6. What are extrusive
igneous rocks?_____________________________________________________________________
7. Where do
they form?________________________________________________________________________
Classification of Igneous Rocks
8. What are the two characteristics that are used to classify igneous rocks?
a. ___________________________________________________________________________
b. ___________________________________________________________________________
Course-Grained Texture
9. What affects the textures
of igneous rocks? __________________________________________________________________
10. What results in the
formation of large crystals? __________________________________________________________
Fine-Grained Texture
11. What results in the formation of
small, interconnected mineral grains?___________________________________________________
Glassy Texture
12. What causes
glassy texture? ____________________________________________________________________
Porphyritic Texture
13. What causes
porphyritic textures? _______________________________________________________________
Granitic Composition (Felsic)
14. What color are
these rocks? ______________________________________________________________________
15. What are the main
minerals in these rocks? _____________________________________________________________
16. What kind of crust do
these rocks make? _________________________________________________________________
Basaltic Composition (Mafic)
17. What are the main
minerals in these rocks? _____________________________________________________________
18. What elements
are they rich in? ___________________________________________________________________
19. What kind of crust
do these rocks make? _______________________________________________________________
Other Compositional Groups (Intermediate)
20. How do rocks with andesitic composition
compare to these other two types? _____________________________________________________
Chapter 3.3 Sedimentary Rocks
Read this section on pages 75-79 and answer the following questions.
21. What are sedimentary
rocks formed from? ________________________________________________________________
Formation of Sedimentary Rocks
22. When do sedimentary
rocks form? ______________________________________________________________________
Weathering, Erosion, and Deposition
23. What are the two
types of weathering? _______________________________________________________________
24. What does
erosion involve? ___________________________________________________________________
25. When are
sediments dropped? ________________________________________________________________
26. What sediments
are deposited first? _________________________________________________________________
Compaction and Cementation
27. What does
lithified mean? ____________________________________________________________________
28. What causes
compaction? ______________________________________________________________________
29. What cements the
sediments together? ________________________________________________________________
Classification of Sedimentary Rocks
30. What are the two main groups
sedimentary rocks are classified into? __________________________________________________
Clastic Sedimentary Rocks
31. What are the two most common
minerals in clastic rocks? ___________________________________________________________
32. How are clastic
sedimentary rocks grouped? _________________________________________________________
33. How do conglomerates
and breccias differ? ________________________________________________________________
Chemical and Biochemical Sedimentary Rocks
34. How do chemical
sedimentary rocks form? ____________________________________________________________
35. What do biochemical
sedimentary rocks contain? __________________________________________________________
Features of Some Sedimentary Rocks
36. What are unique features of
sedimentary rocks clues to? __________________________________________________________
Chapter 3.4 Metamorphic Rocks
Read this section on pages 80-84 and answer the following questions.
37. When do
metamorphic rocks form? ___________________________________________________________
Formation of Metamorphic Rocks
38. Where are the conditions found
to make metamorphic rocks? _________________________________________________________
Contact Metamorphism
39. What causes
contact metamorphism? _____________________________________________________________
40. Is this high-grade or
low-grade metamorphism? ___________________________________________________________
Regional Metamorphism
41. What does regional
metamorphism result in? ____________________________________________________________
Agents of Metamorphism
42. What are the three main
agents of metamorphism? ___________________________________________________________
Heat
43. Heat provided the energy
needed to do what? _________________________________________________________________
44. What are the two
sources of this heat? ________________________________________________________________
Pressure
45. How does
pressure increase? _________________________________________________________________
46. Pressure causes what
to happen to rocks? ________________________________________________________________
Reactions in Solution
47. What are
hydrothermal solutions? _____________________________________________________________
48. How do they
promote recrystallization? ___________________________________________________________
Classification of Metamorphic Rocks
49. How are metamorphic
rocks classified? ___________________________________________________________________
Foliated Metamorphic Rocks
50. Some minerals recrystallize with a preferred
orientation at what direction to the force? _______________________________________________
51. How do foliated
metamorphic rocks appear? __________________________________________________________
Nonfoliated Metamorphic Rocks
52. How do nonfoliated
metamorphic rocks appear? __________________________________________________________