A.P. US
Mods 6/7/8
Artem Kholodenko
0109
Notes for pgs. 190 – 196
Reconstituting the States
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Legislative Chambers
Become 1
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Whig Ideas
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Church Loses Power
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The Articles of
Confederation
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Point of the Articles
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11 of 13 colonies kept the 2-chamber governments and
some even lowered the property requirements so more
people could vote
The constitution defined and limited the power, but it
also spelled out the rights of the people
By 1784 all states had explicit bills that outlines certain
freedoms beyond government control and the
government was no longer the final word on
constitutionality
The executive power was limited the most and annual
elections began to take place after 1776 except in NC,
where it was regularly a 2-year thing
8 constitutions written before 1780 let voters to select
both houses of the legislature, “electoral college” for
upper house and remaining for “senate”; Penn. & Geor.
Abolished the upper house and only left 1 chamber, but
the Whigs remembered the old kingship of 1 chamber
The Whigs cooled off from being so radical and Mass.
revised its const. In 1780 to strengthen the governor;
Geor. & Penn. made unicameral legislatures by 1790
The constitution was being made for equal; but the group
in the senate was tried to be made higher a class, yet the
people in both groups remained the same status
The Whigs dropped their defense of 2 chambers because
the two present groups in 1, could check each other’s
actions
The Whigs thought that social divisions would separate
the country and not bring it together
Between 1776 & 80 Jefferson drafted some bills pushing
for equality; he wanted to even out the people’s wealth
so some wouldn’t be as stuck-up
Virginia ended the idea that the eldest son would get the
land; by 1791 all states supported that idea
Also, the end came to the state-church everywhere in
these years but in N.E., where tithes until 1817 in N.H.,
1818 in CT., 1833 in MA; all states supporting the
Anglican had abolished the taxes for its support by 1786
The revolution was made to ring in a new era of
humanity, but the Whigs wanted to use old ideas as well;
but the Whig ideas were judged by whether they were
good for the majority of the people and not just the few
of the rich
In 1776, John Dickinson, who didn’t sign the
Declaration of Independence, drafted a paper which
proposed a national government; the congress adopted a
weaker version of the document and sent it to the states
in 1777
The document said that all states would have their
freedom, but people be part of the state 1 st and the
country 2nd; and later it was explained that the document
was meant to keep the states as a confederacy of
separate governments
In the articles, the government was a 1 chamber
Articles Become Law
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Finance & Trade Under
the Confederation
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Robert Morris
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Alexander Hamilton &
Morris
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The Newburgh
Conspiracy
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Debt Increases
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The Confederation and
the West
Ordinance of 1785
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Northwest Ordinance
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congress and each state had 1 vote; the states would be
requested of money, but no taxes could be collected
unless all states approved; financial, diplomatic, and
military affairs were controlled by the committees with
the organization of allegiance to its laws
The articles would become operational until all states
approved, which they did by 1779, yet Maryland delayed
due to the fact that they wanted the land north of Ohio
R. given to the US; they wanted to keep NY and Virg.
From expanding as to dominate the new nation
From 1781, northwestern claims by single states were
given up and the articles became law in 1781
The new US government was very limited in power and
couldn’t do a lot of things that the Continental Congress
did
$160 mil. was spent on the war, and the nation borrowed
$ and printed its own; too much printing killed 98% of
the value of the currency from 1776 to 1781
With the bad finances, the country turned to Morris, who
in 1781 became the national superintendent of finance;
he wanted to make a 5% import duty to increase the
profit of the government, but since every state had to
approve, it failed to pass
The 2 tried to scare the people into creating a regular
income source for the government with the Newburgh
Conspiracy
In 1783, the 2 persuaded the army officers into bluffing
that they would turn to mutiny if they weren’t paid the $
due; G. Washington gave a speech after hearing about
the plot, stopping its execution; the mutiny was never
intended, but the risk taken for the bluff showed the bad
state of the US
In 1783 the financial situation got worse and another
plan for taxation was rejected by NY and the
contributions to congress decreased
By 1780s, the states feel back 80% of their congressional
dues
Before, almost 60% of exports went to the W. Indies, but
after, all rights to trade there were lost by the US and
caused a depression in 1784
After the revolution, settlers wanted to move to the
went, but the Indians wanted to keep their lands
The Ohio R. lands fell under this law which established a
new township of 6 miles square; townships were divided
in sections of 640 acres each
1. Congress would appoint a territorial governor and
judges in a territory
2. As soon as 5,000 lived, people would write a temp.
Constitution and elect a legislature
3. After 60,000 lived there, people would write a state
constitution
These articles were the basics for living in the frontier;
the N. Ordinance also blocked slavery from some
Push for Exploration
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Treaty of Fort Stanwix
(1784)
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Fort McIntosh (1785) &
Fort Finney (1786)
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Mohawk Joseph Brant
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Treaty of Augusta (1783)
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John Jay Goes to Spain
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territories
The northwest provided enough land to keep the
colonists busy exploring
A push for exploration was made because leaders were
afraid that the US population would suddenly boom and
there would be more land to live on
The Indians finally gave in after being told that the US
won the land by conquest
Under the new treaty ½ of the Iroquois land was given
up to NY and PA
Under these treaties, the Delaware and Shawnees had to
recognize the American control over their land; but most
rejected that
Britain wanted to regain control of the northwest by
holding forts in Canada in 7 places and giving arms to
the Indians
He inspired the Indian resistance to whites; he was
skillful in battle and very educated; he visited king
George in London in 1785; he organized the Indians into
a fighting force
Some resisted to fight after heavy losses, and the same
was in the south
Creeks gave up land in Georgia and McGillivray, who was
¾ white, and the Spanish in Florida would give weapons
to the Indians and McGillivray would be able to attack
that land
Spanish wanted to stop the US from shipping goods
down the Mississippi to New Orleans; but Brit. promised
the US exports down the river
In 1784 New Orleans was closed to Americans and Jay
went to Spain to talk about the problem, but he didn’t
succeed
The deny made the Americans infuriated