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Chapter 3 Notes
(Biological Molecules)
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
Carbon and Biological Molecules
Organic molecule
–
inorganic molecule
Carbon Bonds
-

–
Carbon is very ________ and can from up to _______________________________.
Functional group (table 3-1; pg 38)
-
Attached to carbon backbone; groups of atoms that determine the
characteristics and chemical reactivity of the molecule

Synthesis/breakdown of organic molecules (subunit at a time)
–
Monomers
_________________ organic molecules
Ex:
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Polymers
_________________ organic molecules; _____________________of _____________________
Ex:
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Dehydration Synthesis ___________________________________________
From one subunit 
From 2nd subunit 
(pg 38)
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Hydrolysis ____________________________________________________
(pg 38)

Four organic molecules (pg 39, table 3-2)
1.
CARBOHYDRATES
-
Ratio -
-
__________________________ or water soluble (___________bond)
a. Monosaccharide
b. Disaccharides
c. Polysaccharides
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LIPIDS
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Usually ______________________
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Due to high number of _____________ bonds
a. oils, fats, and waxes
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Composed of _____________ fatty acids chains and a ____________(pg. 44)
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Possess a high ________________________________
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All three have the same _____________, but there is more _____________ in fats
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In ___________________, used ___________________________________
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Fats vs. Oils
Saturated
Unsaturated
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b. Phospholipids (pg 45)
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Contains a ________ head
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Contains a ________
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Contains two _________________
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Function: Important in __________________________ of cells
c. Steroids
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3.
________________________________________ with functional groups
PROTEIN
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Chain (polymers) of __________________________
-
______ amino acids in organisms
-
Polarity depends on ___________________________ (pg 48)
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A chain shorter than about 50 amino acids is called ______________
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About 50 amino acids or more are called ____________ or _________________
Draw Structure of one Amino Acid:
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Amino acids are linked together with covalent bonds called ___________________________
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Proteins function in _________________________, ____________________________,
_________________________, __________________________, ________________________,
_______________________________(____________________) See table 3-3 p 46
-
Proteins can have up to _______ levels of structure (pg 49)
1° (Primary Structure)
___________________________________________________
2° (Secondary Structure)
___________________________________________________
3° (Tertiary Structure)
___________________________________________________
4° (Quaternary Structure) ___________________________________________________
4.
NUCLEIC ACID
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Long chains of _____________________________(pg 51)
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Sugar:
_______________
________________
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Nitrogen Base
_______________
________________
_______________
________________
_______________
________________
_______________
________________
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DNA
Found in the _________________________of all living things
Sequence spells out genetic info. that makes proteins of each organism
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RNA
Assists in ____________________ synthesis
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ATP
Carries __________________ throughout the cell
Key Terms to define from Chapter 3:
1. adenosine triphosphate ATP
2. amino acid
3. carbohydrate
4. dehydration synthesis
5. deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
6. disaccharide
7. fat
8. fatty acid
9. functional group
10. glucose
11. glycerol
12. hydrolysis
13. inorganic
14. lactose
15. lipid
16. maltose
17. monomer
18. monosaccharide
19. nucleic acid
20. nucleotide
21. oil
22. organic
23. peptide
24. peptide bond
25. phospholipids
26. polymer
27. polysaccharide
28. primary structure
29. protein
30. quaternary structure
31. ribonucleic acid (RNA)
32. saturated
33. secondary structure
34. steroid
35. starch
36. sucrose
37. sugar
38. tertiary structure
39. triglyceride
40. unsaturated
41. waxes
Chapter Questions: Pg 53-54
Thinking through the concepts
Fill in the blanks
Review Questions 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8
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