CURRICULUM VITAE
ROBERT B. RAFFA, Ph.D.
Address
Temple University School of Pharmacy
3307 N. Broad Street
Philadelphia, PA 19140
Tele: (215) 707-4976; Fax: 215-707-5228
E-mail: robert.raffa@temple.edu
http://www.temple.edu/pharmacy/directory/dir_raffa.html
Title
Professor of Pharmacology
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Associate Executive Editor
Life Sciences
Associate Editor
Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics
Education
Year
Degree
Title
School
1971
BChE
BS
Chemical Engineering
Physiological Psychology
University of Delaware, Newark DE
1979
MS
Biomedical Engineering
Drexel University, Philadelphia PA
1982
PhD
Pharmacology
Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia PA
1986
MS
Toxicology
Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia PA
MS thesis:
‘Determination of the stimulus-response relations for three alpha-adrenergic
agonists on rabbit aorta: a test of Stephenson's theory of drug action’ – 1979
Director: Ronald J. Tallarida, Ph.D.
MS thesis:
‘Reversible inhibition of acetylcholine contracture of molluscan smooth muscle
by heavy metals: correlation to calcium displacement' – 1986
Director: C. Paul Bianchi, Ph.D.
PhD dissertation: ‘Determination of regional brain levels of morphine and naloxone in rats: application to pharmacologic dissociation constants in vivo' – 1982
Director: Ronald J. Tallarida, Ph.D.
Professional and Academic Appointments
2005 - 2010
1999 - present
1996 - 1999
1995 - 1996
1991 - 1995
1990 - 1991
1988 - 1990
1987 - 1988
Chair, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Temple University School of
Pharmacy (TUSP)
Professor of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, TUSP &
Research Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University Medical
School (TUMS), Philadelphia, PA
Associate Professor of Pharmacology, TUSP & Research Associate Professor,
Department of Pharmacology, TUMS, Philadelphia, PA
Research Fellow, The R.W. Johnson Pharmaceutical Research Institute (PRI),
Spring House, PA
Principal Scientist, PRI, Spring House, PA
Senior Scientist, PRI, Spring House, PA
Senior Scientist, Janssen Research Foundation (JRF), Spring House, PA
Research Scientist, JRF, Spring House, PA
Robert B. Raffa, Ph.D.
1986 - 1987
1984 - 1986
1983 - 1984
1982 - 1983
1973 - 1977
2
Research Scientist, McNeil Pharmaceutical, Spring House, PA
Research Assistant Professor, Thomas Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia
Research Assistant Professor, TUMS, Philadelphia, PA
Research Instructor, TUMS, Philadelphia, PA
Chemical Engineer, Frankford Arsenal, Philadelphia, PA
Academic Affiliations
1987-present
Adjunct faculty, Department of Pharmacology, TUMS, Philadelphia, PA
Research Interests
Discovery of novel analgesic agents with opioid or non-opioid mechanisms of action. Preclinical
models for drug screening. Endogenous analgesic neuropeptide and neurotransmitter agonists
and antagonists and the physiological processes involved in tolerance development and abuse
liability. Synergistic analgesic combinations. In vivo antisense approach. Theoretical pharmacology. Thermodynamics of the drug-receptor interaction.
Honors and Awards
2011
2006
2004
2003
1991
1983
1982
TUSP AACP (American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy) Teachers of the Year
George B. Koelle award; Mid-Atlantic Pharmacology Society
TUSP AACP (American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy) Teachers of the Year
Lindback Foundation teaching award.
The Johnson & Johnson Corporate Philip B. Hofmann Research Scientist Award for outstanding achievement in the field of research and development.
National Research Service Awards (1983, 1984)
A.N. Richards Young Investigator Award Finalist; Graduate Training Fellowship Thomas
Jefferson University Medical College.
Service Activities
Intramural
Pharmacy School
University
Awards Committee (start 2005)
Graduate Faculty Committee (start 2003)
Curriculum Committee (start 1997; Chair start 2005)
Teaching and Evaluation Committee (1999 – present)
President, Collegial Assembly (1999 – 2000)
Faculty Merit Committee (2000)
New-Faculty Orientation Evaluation Committee (1997)
Research Day Committee (2007 – 2008)
Wyeth Lecture Committee
Provost’s Advisory Study Leave Committee (2005)
President's Advisory Promotion & Tenure Committee (2002 – 2003)
Vice Provost Internal Research Advisory Committee (start 2001)
Temple University Hospital IRB (2002 – present)
Representative Faculty Senate (2000 – 2002)
Health Science Center Library Committee (1997 – present)
Temple’s Minority Access to Research (TMARC) program (start 1997)
Pew Biomedical Scholars Program reviewer (2008)
Extramural
Editorships
Founder and Co-Editor, ANALGESIA and REVIEWS IN ANALGESIA
Founder and Co-Editor, Pharmacology Letters section of LIFE SCIENCES
Executive Editor, LIFE SCIENCES
Editor, JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACY AND THERAPEUTICS
Robert B. Raffa, Ph.D.
Reviewer
AACP
Other
T&P reviewer
3
Past Assoc. Ed., JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY & EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS
Editorial Advisory Board, JOURNAL OF NON-EQUILIBRIUM THERMODYNAMICS
American Journal of Physiology; Biochemical Pharmacology; Biochemistry &
Behavior; Biomedical Chemistry Letters; Brain Research and Brain Research
Bulletin; the European Journal of Pharmacology; Journal of Anesthesiology;
Journal of Headache & Pain; Journal of Neurochemistry; Journal of Neuroimmunology; Journal of Neuroscience; the Journal of Pain; Life Sciences;
Molecular Pharmacology; Neuropharmacology; Neuroscience Letters; Pain;
Peptides; Pharmacology, others.
American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy
1999, 2001 New Investigators Program (NIP) grant reviewer
1991 PMA Industry Expert Panel on Acute Pain Management.
1993 PMA Industry Expert Panel on Cancer-Related Pain and Pain
Management.
2009: Bin Chen, PhD (University of the Sciences in Philadelphia)
Teaching
Course Director
1996 - present
1997 - present
1982 - 1997
Lecturer
1985 - present:
1986
1992
‘Pharmacology-I’ & ‘Pharmacology-II’, Temple University School of Pharmacy
Elective, ‘Writing & Publishing a Scientific Review Article’, TUSP
PR 513, ‘Introduction to Pharmacology’, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA.
Pharmacology 544, ‘Introduction to Pharmacology: from cell to behavior’,
Temple University Medical School, Philadelphia, PA
Pharmacology 200, ‘Pharmacology’, Thomas Jefferson University Medical
College, Philadelphia, PA
Pharmacology 620, ‘Receptor Internalization’, Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
Thesis and Dissertation Advisory, Reading, or Examination Committees
James E. Goldsmidt
Ph.D. Pharmacology Temple University Medical School, 1990
Leif Nordberg
M.S.
Biomedical Science, Drexel University, 1992
Keith Freeman
Ph.D. Pharmacology, Temple University Medical School, 1994
Michael J. Renzi
M.S.
Biochemistry, Drexel University, 1994
Tamara L. Goode
M.S.
University of Pennsylvania, 1996
Alemayyehu Ahungena
Ph.D. Medicinal Chemistry, Temple University School of Pharmacy (TUSP), 1998
Qihai Tao
M.S.
Pharmaceutics, TUSP, 1999
Yuzhu Xue
Ph.D. Pharmaceutics, TUSP, 1999
Chunlin Zhao
M.S.
Medicinal Chemistry, TUSP, 2001
Jiangfeng (Jennifer) Su
Ph.D. Medicinal Chemistry, TUSP, 2003
Maureen Chisholm
M.S.
Medicinal Chemistry, TUSP, 2004
Weilin Sun
Ph.D. Medicinal Chemistry, TUSP, 2005
Shahrzad Missaghi
Ph.D. Pharmaceutics, TUSP, 2006
Elena Koshkina
Ph.D. Biomedical Engineering, Drexel University, 2006
Quan (Gordon) Liu
Ph.D. Pharmaceutics, TUSP, 2010
Harshini Neelakantan
Ph.D. Pharmacology, TUSP, current
Graduate Students
Robert J. Schulingkamp
Shawn D. Spencer
Gregory W. Stagliano
Joseph Landry
Ph.D.
Ph.D.
Ph.D.
M.S.
Pharmacology, TUSP, 2002
Pharmaceutics, TUSP, 2004
Pharmaceutics, TUSP, 2005
Pharmacology, TUSP, 2012
Robert B. Raffa, Ph.D.
4
Postdoctoral students
Alex W. MacFarlane IV
Zhe Ding
2003 – 2004
2006 – 2008
Visiting scientists
Sumiyo Umeda (Japan)
Federica Cavallo (Italy)
2002 – 2004
2005 – 2006
Other
1989
1991
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) Contract Review (Drug Development Database) - Aug. 16-17
NIDA Special Review Committee for Small Business Innovative Research Grant Program - Dec. 9
Memberships in Professional Societies
American Society of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics (ASPET); Society for Neuroscience; College on Problems of Drug Dependence (CPDD); Int’l Narcotics Research Conference (INRC); Int’l Association for the Study of Pain (IASP); American Pain Society (APS);
Sigma Xi; Phladelphia Chapter of the Society for Neuroscience (Council member, 1987-1988).
President:
Vice president:
Treasurer:
Mid-Atlantic Pharmacology Society, 1998 – 2001
Mid-Atlantic Pharmacology Society, 1997 – 1998
Mid-Atlantic Pharmacology Society, 1996 – 1997
Invited and Symposium Presentations
"Isolated Tissue Studies of the Alpha-Adrenoceptor in Vascular Smooth Muscle", Thomas
Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA, 1985.
"FMRFamide (Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2): Actions on Molluscs and Mammals", Temple University
Medical School, Philadelphia, PA, 1985
"Analgesic Defect of Beige Mice: A Neuro-immune Connection", Temple University Medical
School, Philadelphia, PA, 1988.
"Analgesic Defect of Beige-J Mice: a Neuroimmune Connection", Medical College of Wisconsin,
Madison, WI, 1988.
"The Use of Mutant Mice for the Study of Opioids", Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA,
Symposium: "Pain: Physiological and Pharmacological Mechanisms", May 11, 1989.
"Why Don't Beige-J Mice Respond to Morphine?", University of Medicine and Dentistry of New
Jersey, Newark NJ, 1990.
"The Actions of FMRF-NH2 and FMRF-NH2-Related Peptides on Mammals", College on Problems of Drug Dependance, Richmond, VA, 1990.
Co-Chair: "Chaotic Dynamical Responses: Implications for Pharmacology and Drug Development", ASPET,
San Diego, 1991.
"Mechanistic Evaluations of Tramadol: The ‘Atypical’ Analgesic", Medical College of Wisconsin,
Milwaukee, WI, May 26, 1992.
"Basic Mechanisms of Opioid and Nonopioid Analgesia", Dutch Pain Society Annual Meeting,
Eindhoven, NL, June 4, 1993.
Co-Chair:"Synergistic Interactions Between Central Neurotransmitter Systems - Analysis and
Application" Experimental Biology, New Orleans, 1993.
"Advances in Treatment of Chronic Pain", Cambridge Healthtech Institute, Philadelphia, 1993.
"Pain Control: New Concepts and Therapeutic Applications", Global Business Research,
Princeton, 1994.
"Behavioral Roles of G-Proteins in Opioid Actions", Int’l. Narcotics Research Conference, Long
Beach, 1996.
Robert B. Raffa, Ph.D.
5
"Analgesic Drug Discovery: Tramadol and Beyond". St. John’s University School of Pharmacy,
Jamaica, NY, April 8, 1999
"New and Emerging Analgesics: Alone or in Combination". The RWJ-PRI Metabolism/Toxicology
Science Day. Delaware Valley College. August 19, 1999.
Symposium: "Chronic Pain - A Chronic Challenge". Sponsored by ASTA Medica. Nice, September 27, 2000.
Symposium: "Controversies and Practical Issues in the Management of Osteoarthritis". Philadelphia. May 3, 2002.
"The Enigmatic Mechanism of Acetaminophen Analgesia". Indiana University, Indianapolis. May
28, 2002.
Symposium Chair: "Transdermal Buprenorphine: a New Therapeutic Option in Chronic Pain
Control". Xth Annual IASP Meeting, San Diego, CA. Aug, 2002.
"Understanding the Neurology of Pain and the Pharmacology of Analgesics”. 5th Annual Pain
Management Conference. Philadelphia, June, 2003.
"Understanding the Neurology of Pain and the Pharmacology of Analgesics: II. Combinations”. 6th
Annual Pain Management Conference. Philadelphia, June, 2004.
"Polypharmacy in Pain Management”. 7th Annual Pain Management Conference. Philadelphia,
May, 2005.
“Analgesic Drug Development”, PAINWeek, Las Vegas, Sept 2010.
“Studying Physical Dependence and Drug Withdrawal Using a Planaria Model”, the Neuroscience
Program, Temple University, Sept 2010.
“Analgesic Preclinical Testing: Mechanistic Combinations”, PAINWeek, Las Vegas, Sept 2011.
"Multimechanistic Approach in the Pharmacology of Analgesic Drugs”. Annual Scientific Meeting
of the Irish Pain Society. Dublin, Oct, 2011.
U.S. Patents
5,223,541 (June 29, 1993)
5,336,691 (Aug. 9, 1994)
5,468,744 (Nov. 21, 1995)
5,508,424 (Apr. 16, 1996)
5,516,803 (May 14, 1996)
5,543,530 (Aug. 6, 1996)
5,739,139 (Apr. 14, 1998)
6,900,189 (May 31, 2005)
7,662,803 (Feb 16, 2010)
Tramadol N-oxide material, enantiomers and compositions thereof, and their use. (C.A. Maryanoff, R.B. Raffa and F.J. Villani,
inventors; McNeilab, Inc., assignee).
Composition comprising a tramadol material and acetaminophen
and its use. (R.B. Raffa and J.L. Vaught, inventors; McNeilab,
Inc., assignee).
Composition comprising a tramadol material and any of codeine,
oxycodone or hydrocodone and their use. (R.B. Raffa and J.L.
Vaught, inventors; McNeilab, Inc., assignee).
4-Arylisoindole analgesics. (R.J. Carmosin, D.C. Liotta, P. Pitis
and R.B. Raffa , inventors; McNeilab, Inc., assignee).
Composition comprising a tramadol material and a non-steroidal
anti-inflammatory drug. (R.B. Raffa, inventor; McNeilab, Inc.,
assignee).
4-Arylisoindole analgesics. (R.B. Raffa, J.R. Carson, P. Pitis and
R.J. Carmosin, inventors; McNeilab, Inc., assignee).
Acetaminophen and dimenhydrinate analgesics. (D.R. Hough,
E.B. Nelson and R.B. Raffa, inventors; McNeilab, Inc., assignee).
Analgesic and glucosamine compositions. (R.B. Raffa, A. Cowan
and R.J. Tallarida, inventors).
Method for treating warm-blooded vertebrates with halide-free
glucosamine-acidic drug complexes. (A. Cowan, R.B. Raffa and
R.J. Tallarida, inventors).
Robert B. Raffa, Ph.D.
6
Research Funding
Title
Source
Basic science aspects of tramadol
Johnson & Johnson
hydrochloride
Investigation of the mechanism of
Research Grant
acetaminophen’s spinal-supraspinal
award – McNeil
‘self-synergy’
Measurement of antinociceptive
plasma vs brain levels of buprenorGrünenthal GmbH
phine and metabolite in rats
Joint action analysis of poly-drug
NIH
withdrawal
R01-DA-15378
Mechanistic studies on acetaminoGrünenthal GmbH
phen and buprenorphine
Effects of chemotherapeutic agents
NIH
on learning and memory in mice
R01-CA-129092
NIH
-Lactam chemical probes for GLT-1
RC1-DA-028153
transporter-related pathologies
The Effects of Music Therapy on
Provost seed grant
Entrainment
Isobolographic evaluation of tapentadol's mechanistic interactions on the
Grünenthal GmbH
gastrointestinal endpoint (transit) in
rats
Role
Amount
Duration
PI
$375,000
1996 - 1999
PI
$120,000
2003 – 2004
PI
$60,000
2003 – 2004
Co-PI
$451,500
2004 – 2007
PI
$200,000
2006 – 2007
Co-I
$1,500,000 2009 – 2014
Co-I
$955,749
2009 – 2011
Co-PI
$49,970
2010 – 2011
Co-PI
$77,500
2011 – 2012
Unfunded
Title
Combinations of drugs and endogenous chemicals: optimization and
mechanisms
Source
Doc No
NIH
RGM-098905A
Role
Amount
Co-I
$1,250,000
PUBLICATIONS
BOOKS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Tallarida, R.J., Raffa, R.B. & McGonigle, P.: Principles in General Pharmacology SpringerVerlag, New York, 1988
Raffa, R.B. and Porreca, F. (eds): Antisense Strategies for the Study of Receptor Mechanisms, R.G. Landes Co., Austin, 1996
Raffa, R.B. (ed): Quick-Look Review of Pharmacology, Fence Creek Publishing, 1999
Raffa, R.B. (ed): Drug-Receptor Thermodynamics: Introduction & Applications, John Wiley
& Sons, 2001
Raffa, R.B., Rawls, S.M., & Portyansky-Beyzarov, E. (eds.): Netter’s Illustrated Pharmacology, ICON Learning Systems, 2005.
Budd, K. & Raffa, R.B. (eds): Buprenorphine –The Unique Opioid Analgesic, Thieme, Stuttgart, 2005
Raffa, R.B. & Rawls, S.M. (eds): Planaria: a Model for Drug Action and Abuse, RG Landes
Co., Austin, 2008
Chapters:
 Raffa, R.B.: “Planaria: Short Introduction”
 Raffa, R.B.: “Planaria as Model in Drug Abuse Research”
Robert B. Raffa, Ph.D.
8.
9.
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 Raffa, R.B.: “Physical Dependence and Withdrawal in Planarians”
Raffa, R.B. and Tallarida, R.J. (eds): ‘Chemo-fog’: Chemotherapy-related Cognitive Impairment, Springer & Landes, New York, 2010
Chapters:
 Raffa, R.B.: “Short Introduction & History”
 Raffa, R.B. with Kathleen J. Martin: “Patient’s Perspective”
 Raffa, R.B.: “Imaging as a Means of Studying Chemotherapy-Related Cognitive
Impairment”
 Raffa, R.B.: “Chemotherapy-Related Visual System Toxicity”
 Raffa, R.B. and Tallarida, R.J.: “Future Directions”
Raffa, R.B., Langford, R., Pergolizzi, J.V. Jr., Porreca, F., Tallarida, R.J. (eds): Chemotherapy-induced Neuropathic Pain, CRC/Tayor & Francis, Boca Raton, in press
BOOK CHAPTERS
1.
2.
3.
4.
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6.
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9.
10.
Raffa, R.B. In vivo antisense strategy for the study of second-messengers: application to
G-proteins. In R. B. Raffa, and F. Porreca, (eds.) Antisense Strategies for the Study of
Receptor Mechanisms, R.G. Landes Co., Austin, pp. 53-69, 1996.
Raffa, R.B. and Friderichs, E. Profile of Tramadol and Tramadol Analogs. In C. Bountra,
R. Munglani and W.K. Schmidt (eds.) Pain: Current Understanding, Emerging Therapies,
and Novel Approaches to Drug Discovery, Marcel Dekker, New York, pp. 731-742, 2003.
Raffa, R.B. Experimental approaches to determine the thermodynamics of protein-ligand
interactions. In H-J. Böhm and G. Schneider (eds.) Molecular Recognition in Protein-Ligand
Interactions, Wiley-VCH Verlag, Weinheim, pp. 51-71, 2003.
Raffa, R.B. Drug disposition and response. In J.I. Boullata and V.T. Armenti (eds.) Handbook of Drug-Nutrient Interactions, Humana Press, Totowa NJ, 2004 & 2nd ed 2009 pp. 2743.
Raffa, R.B.: Analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory drugs. In A.R. Gennaro (ed.)
Remington: the Science and Practice of Pharmacy, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 15241542, 2005.
Raffa, R.B.: Drugs with mixed action and combinations: emphasis on tramadol. In R.F.
Schmidt and W.D. Willis (eds.) Encyclopedic Reference on Pain, Springer-Verlag, 2007.
Cowan, A., Friderichs, E., Straßburger, W., and Raffa, R.B. Basic pharmacology of buprenorphine. In K. Budd and R.B. Raffa (eds): Buprenorphine – The Unique Opioid Analgesic,
Thieme, Stuttgart, 2005.
Pergolizzi, J.V. Jr., Raffa, R.B. and Taylor, R. Jr.: Morphine: chemistry, pharmacology and
clinical aspects. In L.V. Berhardt (ed.) Advances in Medicine and Biology, Vol. 45. Nova,
Hauppauge NY (June) 2012, pgs 53-78.
Taylor, R. Jr., Pergolizzi, J.V. Jr., Raffa, R.B. and Muniz, E.: Opioids: pharmacology, clinical uses and adverse effects. In D. Tvildiani and K. Gegechkori (eds.) Opioids: Pharmacology, Clinical Uses and Adverse Effects. Nova, Hauppauge NY (Jan) 2012, pgs 75-94.
Taylor, R. Jr, Pergolizzi, J.V. Jr and Raffa, R.B.: Acetaminophen (paracetamol): properties,
clinical uses, and adverse effects. In A. Javaherian and P. Latifpour (eds.) Acetaminophen:
Properties, Clinical Uses and Adverse Effects. Nova, Hauppauge NY (June) 2012, pgs 124.
REFEREED JOURNAL ARTICLES
1.
Raffa, R.B., Tallarida, R.J. and Gero, A.: Determination of the stimulus-response relation
for three alpha-adrenergic agonists on rabbit aorta. Archives International Pharmacodynamics and Therapeutics 241:197-207, 1979.
Robert B. Raffa, Ph.D.
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Raffa, R.B. and Tallarida, R.J.: The effect of preload on the dissociation constant of phentolamine in isolated rabbit thoracic aorta. Archives International Pharmacodynamics and
Therapeutics 251:126-135, 1981.
Raffa, R.B., Porreca, F., Cowan, A. and Tallarida, R.J.: Morphine-receptor dissociation
constant and the stimulus-response relation for inhibition of gastrointestinal transit in the
rat. European Journal of Pharma-cology 79:11-16, 1982.
Raffa, R.B., O'Neill, J.J. and Tallarida, R.J.: Rapid extraction and measurement of morphine and opiate antagonists from rat brain using HPLC and electrochemical detection.
Journal of Chromatography 238: 515-519, 1982.
Porreca, F., Cowan, A., Raffa, R.B., and Tallarida, R.J.: On the criteria for classifying
opiate agonists in rats. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 24:525-526, 1982.
Porreca F., Cowan, A., Raffa, R.B., and Tallarida, R.J.: Tolerance and cross-tolerance
studies with morphine and ethylketocyclazocine. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology
34:666-667, 1982.
Porreca, F., Raffa, R.B., Cowan, A. and Tallarida, R.J.: A comparison of the receptor
constants of morphine and ethylketocyclazocine for analgesia and inhibition of gastrointestinal transit in the rat. Life Sciences 31: 1955-1961, 1982.
Raffa, R.B., Porreca, F., Cowan, A. and Tallarida, R.J.: Extraction and measurement of
morphine: correlation of brain level and s.c. dose in drug-naive and morphine-tolerant rats.
Life Sciences 31:2299-2302, 1982.
Porreca, F., Cowan, A., Raffa, R.B., and Tallarida, R.J.: Estimation in vivo of the receptor
constants of morphine in naive and morphine-tolerant rats. Life Sciences 31:2355-2358,
1982.
Porreca, F., Cowan, A., Raffa, R.B. and Tallarida, R.J.: Ketazocine and morphine: effects
on gastrointestinal transit after central and peripheral administration. Life Sciences 32:
1785-1790, 1983.
Raffa, R.B., and Tallarida, R.J.: Ultraviolet light induced photorelaxation of agonist-contracted rabbit aorta: further characterization and the estimation of drug receptor rate
constants. Drug Development Research 5:359-369, 1985.
Raffa, R.B.: Coated pits and coated vesicles: histological findings and pharmacological implications. TiPS 6:133-136, 1985.
Raffa, R.B., Aceto, J.F. and Tallarida, R.J.: Measurement of thermodynamic parameters
for norepinephrine contraction of isolated rabbit thoracic aorta. Journal of Pharmacology
and Experimental Therapeutics 235: 596-600, 1985.
Raffa, R.B. and Tallarida, R.J.: The concept of a changing receptor concentration: implications for the theory of drug action. Journal of Theoretical Biology 115:625-632, 1985.
Aceto, J.F., Kitzen, J., Raffa, R.B., and Tallarida, R.J.: Altered vascular responsiveness to
norepinephrine following withdrawal of verapamil in rabbits. Journal of Cardiovascular
Pharmacology 7:1011-1012, 1985.
Raffa, R.B. and Bianchi, C.P.: Antagonism of receptor-activated biological effects mediated
by second messenger pathways. Life Sciences 38:251-257, 1986.
Raffa, R.B. and Bianchi, C.P.: Further evidence for a neuromodulatory role of FMRFamide
involving intracellular Ca2+ pools in smooth muscle of Mytilus edulis. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 84:23-28, 1986.
Raffa, R.B., Heyman, J. and Porreca, F.: Intrathecal FMRFamide (Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2)
induces excessive grooming behavior in mice. Neuroscience Letters 65:94-98, 1986.
Raffa, R.B. and Porreca, F.: Evidence for a role of conditioning in the development of
tolerance to morphine-induced inhibition of gastrointestinal transit in rats. Neuroscience
Letters 67:229-232, 1986.
Zhu, X.Z and Raffa, R.B.: Low affinity inhibition of opioid receptor binding by FMRFamide.
Neuropeptides 8:55-62, 1986.
Scott, R.W., Goode, T.L. and Raffa, R.B.: Pilocarpine-induced reciprocal hindlimb scratching in mice. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior 26:327-331, 1987.
Mathiasen, J.R., Raffa, R.B., and Vaught, J.L.: C57BL/6J-bgJ (beige) mice: differential
sensitivity in the tail flick test to centrally administered mu and delta-opioid receptor
agonists. Life Sciences 40:1989-1994, 1987.
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Raffa, R.B., Mathiasen, J.R. and Vaught, J.L.: Restoration of analgesic response of
C57BL/6J-bgJ (beige-J) mice to morphine by carbachol. European Journal of Pharmacology 141:507-510, 1987.
Raffa, R.B., Mathiasen, J.R., Goode, T.L. and Vaught, J.L.: Evidence that reciprocal hindlimb scratching elicited in mice by intrathecal administration of muscarinic agonists is
media-ted through M1 type receptors. Life Sciences 41:1831-1836, 1987.
Raffa, R.B., Mathiasen, J.R. and Jacoby, H.I.: Colonic bead expulsion time in normal
and µ-opioid receptor deficient (CXBK) mice following central (i.c.v.) administration of and -opioid agonists. Life Sciences 41:2229-2234, 1987.
Raffa, R.B., Bianchi, C.P. and Narayan, S.R.: Reversible inhibition of acetylcholine contracture of Molluscan smooth muscle by heavy metals: correlation to Ca2+ and metal content.
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 243:200-204, 1987.
Jacoby, M.B., Jacoby, H.I., Mathiasen, J.R. and Raffa, R.B.: The effect of Phe-Met-ArgPhe-NH2 (FMRF amide) on morphine-induced inhibition of colonic propulsive motility in
mice. Neuroscience Letters 83: 128-132, 1987.
Raffa, R.B., Kimball, E.S. and Mathiasen, J.R.: The analgesic defect of C57B6/6J-bgJ
(beige J: Chediak-Higashi syndrome) mice transmitted by adoptive transfer of spleen cells
to normal littermates. Life Sciences 42:1231-1236, 1988.
Vaught, J.L., Mathiasen, J.R. and Raffa, R.B.: Examination of the involvement of supraspinal and spinal mu and delta opioid receptors in analgesia using mu receptor-deficient
CXBK mouse. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 245:13-16, 1988.
Raffa, R.B., Mathiasen, J.R. and Brown, D.Q.: Mu-, but not delta-, opioid receptor-mediated antinociception in mice is attenuated by gamma irradiation. Brain Research 447:393397, 1988.
Heyman, J.S., Vaught, J.L., Raffa, R.B. and Porreca, F.: Can supraspinal delta-opioid receptors mediate antinociception? TiPS 9:134-138, 1988.
Raffa, R.B., Baldy, W.J. Jr., Shank, R.P., Mathiasen, J.R. and Vaught, J.L.: [3H] [D-Ala2,
NMePhe4, Gly-ol5]-enkephalin (mu-opioid) binding in beige-J mice. Peptides 9:637-642,
1988.
Raffa, R.B.: The action of FMRFamide (Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2) and related peptides on
mammals. Peptides 9:915-922, 1988.
Raffa, R.B., Ortegon, M.E. and Watson, M: Reciprocal hindlimb scratching and putative
subtype-selective muscarinic agents. European Journal of Pharmacology 158:289-292,
1988.
Raffa, R.B. and Porreca, F: Minireview: Thermodynamic analysis of the drug-receptor interaction. Life Sciences 44:245-258, 1989.
Kimball, E.S. and Raffa, R.B.: Obligatory role of B cells and adherent accessory cells in
the transfer of a defect in morphine-mediated antinociception in C57BL/6J-bg/bg (Beige-J)
mice. Journal of Neuroimmunology 22:185-192, 1989.
Raffa, R.B.: Supraspinal FMRFamide antagonizes morphine-induced horizontal, but not
vertical, locomotor activity. Peptides 10:403-406, 1989.
Raffa, R.B., Ortegon, M.E., Robisch, D.M. and Martin, G.E.: In vivo demonstration of the
enhancement of MK-801 by L-glutamate. Life Sciences 44:1593-1599, 1989.
Raffa, R.B., Vaught, J.L. and Porreca, F.: Can equal pA2 values be compatible with receptor differences? TiPS 10:183-185, 1989.
Raffa, R.B. and Jacoby, H.I.: FMRFamide enhances acetylcholine-induced contractions of
guinea pig ileum. Peptides 10:693-695, 1989.
Raffa, R.B. and Jacoby, H.I.: A-18-Famide and F-8-Famide, endogenous mammalian equivalents of the molluscan neuropeptide, FMRFamide (Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2), inhibit colonic
bead expulsion time in mice. Peptides 10:873-875, 1989.
Raffa, R.B., Mathiasen, J.R. and Goode, T.L.: Central administration of p-octopamine to
mice: assessment of antinociception. European Journal of Pharmacology 169:317-320,
1989.
Raffa, R.B. and Jacoby, H.I.: Effect of Phe-D-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2 and other Phe-Met-ArgPhe-NH2 -related peptides on mouse colonic propulsive motility: a structure-activity relationship study. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 254:809-814, 1990.
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Vaught, J.L., Carson, J.R., Carmosin, R.J., Blum, P.S., Persico, F.J., Hageman, W.E.,
Shank, R.P. and Raffa, R.B.: Antinociceptive action of McN-5195 in rodents: a structurally
novel (Indolizine) analgesic with a non-opoid mechanism of action. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 255:1-10, 1990.
Raffa, R.B., Vaught, J.L. and Setler, P.E.: The novel anticonvulsant loreclezole (R 72063)
does not produce diazepam-like anterograde amnesia in a passive avoidance test in rats.
N-S Archives of Pharmacology 342: 613-615, 1990.
Jacoby, H.I., Bonfilio, A.C. and Raffa, R.B.: Central and peripheral administration of
serotonin produces opposite effects on mouse colonic propulsive motility. Neuroscience
Letters 122:122-126, 1991.
Raffa, R.B. and Jacoby, H.I.: Endothelin-l, -2 and -3 directly and big-endothelin-l indirectly
elicit an abdominal constriction response in mice. Life Sciences/Pharmacology Letters 48:
PL85-PL90, 1991.
Vaught, J.L. and Raffa, R.B.: Centrally-mediated antinociceptive action of RWJ-22757
(formerly McN-5195): involvement of spinal descending inhibitory pathways (an hypothesis). Life Sciences 48:2233-2241, 1991.
Raffa, R.B., Orr, N., Connelly, C.D. and Hollingworth, R.M.: XAMI and DCDM, agonists at
cAMP-associated octopamine receptors in cockroach nerve cord, produce centrally-mediated antinociception in mice. Brain Research 559:211-219, 1991.
Raffa, R.B., Schupsky J.J., Martinez, R.P. and Jacoby, H.I.: Endothelin-l-induced nociception. Life Sciences/Pharmacology Letters 49: PL61-PL65, 1991.
Raffa, R.B., Friderichs, E., Reimann, W., Shank, R.P., Codd, E.E. and Vaught, J.L.: Opioid
and nonopioid components independently contribute to the mechanism of action of tramadol, an "atypical" opioid analgesic. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 260:275-285, 1992.
Raffa, R.B., Addo, M.F. and Gill, A.: Supraspinal administration of [D-Met2]FMRFamide
produces a naloxone-sensitive increase in heart rate in unrestrained spontaneously hypertensive rats. Neuropeptides 21: 201-205, 1992.
Raffa, R.B. and Martinez, R.P.: Rapid communication: Morphine antinociception is mediated through a LiCl-sensitive, IP3-restorable pathway. European Journal of Pharmacology
215:357-358, 1992.
Tallarida, R.J. and Raffa, R.B.: Receptor regulation, competitive antagonism and pA2. Life
Sciences/Pharmacology Letters 51:PL61-PL65, 1992.
Raffa, R.B. and Connelly, C.D.: Supraspinal antinociception produced by [D-Met2]-FMRFamide in mice. Neuropeptides 22:195-203, 1992.
Raffa, R.B., Martinez, R.P. and Porreca, F: Lack of antinociceptive efficacy of intracerebroventricular [D-Ala2,Glu4]deltorphin, but not [D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin, in the opioid mureceptor deficient CXBK mouse. European Journal of Pharmacology 216:453-456, 1992.
Carson, J.R., Carmosin, R.J., Vaught, J.L., Gardocki, J.F., Costanzo, M.J., Raffa, R.B. and
Almond, H.R. Jr.: 2-Substituted 1-azabicycloalkanes, a new class of non-opiate antinociceptive agents. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 35: 2855-2863, 1992.
Raffa, R.B., Connelly, C.D. and Martinez, R.P.: Rapid Communication: Opioid efficacy is
linked to the LiCl-sensitive, inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate-restorable pathway. European
Journal of Pharmacology 217: 221-223, 1992.
Raffa, R.B., Shank, R.P. and Vaught, J.L.: Etoperidone, trazodone and MCPP: in vitro and
in vivo identification of serotonin 5-HT1A (antagonistic) activity. Psychopharmacology 108:
320-326, 1992.
Raffa, R.B., Aceto, J.F., Goldschmidt, J.E. and Tallarida, R.J.: The effect of lowered extracellular Na+ concentration on ultraviolet light-induced relaxation of vasoconstricted rabbit
isolated thoracic aorta. Life Sciences/Pharmacology Letters 51:PL249-PL254, 1992.
Raffa, R.B., Mathiasen, J.R, Kimball, E.S. and Vaught, J.L.: Minireview: The combined
immuneological and antinociceptive defects of beige-J mice: the possible existence of a ‘µrepressin’. Life Sciences, 52:1-8, 1993.
Raffa, R.B., Wild, K.D., Mosberg, H.I. and Porreca, F.: Thermodynamic analysis of the
temperature dependence of the dissociation constant of naloxone at opioid delta receptors
Robert B. Raffa, Ph.D.
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in the mouse isolated vas deferens. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 263:1030-1035, 1992.
Raffa, R.B., Wild, K.D., Mosberg, H.I. and Porreca, F.: Thermodynamic parameters for [DPen2,5]enkephalin at opioid delta receptors in the mouse isolated vas deferens. European
Journal of Pharmacology 244: 231-238, 1993.
Mattia, A., Vanderah, T., Raffa, R.B., Vaught, J.L., Tallarida, R.J. and Porreca, F.: Characterization of the unusual antinociceptive profile of tramadol in mice. Drug Development
Research 28:176-182, 1993.
Nordberg, L.O., Raffa, R.B. and Tallarida, R.J.: Determination of the drug-receptor dissociation constant of endothelin-1 using photorelaxation of rabbit isolated thoracic aorta. Life
Sciences/ Pharmacology Letters 53: PL 33-38, 1993.
Raffa, R.B., Martinez, R.P. and Connelly, C.D.: Scyliorhinin-I and -II induce reciprocal hindlimb scratching in mice: differentiation of spinal and supraspinal neurokinin receptors in
vivo. Neuroscience Letters 158:87-91, 1993.
Raffa, R.B., Friderichs, E., Reimann, W., Shank, R.P., Codd, E.E., Vaught, J.L., Jacoby,
H.I. and Selve, N.: Complementary and synergistic antinociceptive interaction between the
enantiomers of tramadol. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 267:
331-340, 1993.
Raffa, R.B. and Schupsky, J.J.: Opioid receptor subtypes (possibly 1 and 2) revealed
by morphine-induced antinociception vs endothelin-1 in recombinant inbred CXBK mice.
Life Sciences/Pharmacology Letters 54:PL 57-62, 1994.
Press, J.B. and Raffa, R.B.: Recent advances in opioid and non-opioid analgesia (19921993). Expert Opinion Therapeutic Patents 4:379-393, 1994.
Connelly, C.D., Martinez, R.P., Schupsky, J.J., Porreca, F.P. and Raffa, R.B.: Etonitzeneinduced antinociception in µ1 opioid receptor deficient CXBK mice: evidence for a role for µ2
receptors in supraspinal antinociception, Life Sciences/Pharmacology Letters 54:PL 369374, 1994.
Shank, R.P., Gardocki, J.F., Vaught, J.L., Davis, C.B., Schupsky, J.J., Raffa, R.B. Dodgson
S.J., Nortey, S.O. and Maryanoff, B.E.: Topiramate: preclinical evaluation of a structurally
novel anticonvulsant. Epilepsia 35:450-460, 1994.
Raffa, R.B., Kim, A, Rice, K.C., De Costa, B.R., Codd, E.E. and Rothman, R.B.: Low affinity of FMRF-amide and four FaRPs (FMRFamide-related peptides), including the mammalian-derived FaRPs F-8-Famide (NPFF) and A-18-Famide, for opioid µ, ,  ,  a or  b receptors. Peptides 15:401-404, 1994.
Raffa, R.B., Martinez, R.P. and Connelly, C.D.: Rapid Communication: G-protein antisense
oligodeoxy-ribonucleotides and µ-opioid supraspinal antinociception. European Journal of
Pharmacology 258:R5-R7, 1994.
Raffa, R.B. and Codd, E.E.: Lack of glibenclamide or TEA affinity for opioid receptors: further evidence for in vivo modulation of antinociception at K+ channels. Brain Research 650:
146-148, 1994.
Wild, K.D., Press, J.B. and Raffa, R.B.: Alpha-2 adrenoceptors: can subtypes mediate
selective analgesia? Analgesia, 1:15-25, 1994.
Codd, E.E., Press, J.B. and Raffa, R.B.: Minireview: Alpha2-adrenoceptors vs. imidazoline
receptors: implications for 2-mediated analgesia and other non-cardiovascular therapeutic
uses. Life Sciences, 56:63-74, 1995.
Wild, K.D., Porreca, F., Yamamura, H.I. and Raffa, R.B.: Differentiation of receptor subtypes by thermodynamic analysis: application to opioid receptors. Proceedings of the
National Academy of Science 91: 12018-12021, 1994.
Raffa, R.B., Martinez, R.P., Renzi, M.J. and Codd, E.E.: LiCl uncouples signal transduction
in morphine-induced supraspinal antinociception in mice. General Pharmacology 26:317320, 1995.
Raffa, R.B. and Martinez, R.P.: The ‘glibenclamide-shift’ of centrally-acting antinociceptive
agents. Brain Research 677:277-282, 1995.
Raffa, R.B. and Martinez, R.P.: Antinociceptive defect of beige-J mice reversed by i.c.v. IP3
or myo-inositol. NeuroReport 6:1306-1308, 1995.
Robert B. Raffa, Ph.D.
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Reitz, A.B., Jetter, M.C., Wild, K.D. and Raffa, R.B.: Centrally-Acting Analgesics. Annual
Report Medicinal Chemistry 30:11-20, 1995.
82. Raffa, R.B., Nayak, R.K., Liao, S. and Minn, F.L.: The mechanism(s) of action and pharmacokinetics of tramadol hydrochloride. Reviews Contemporary Pharmacotherapy 6:485497, 1995.
83. Codd, E.E., Shank, R.P., Schupsky, J.J. and Raffa, R.B.: Serotonin and norepinephrine uptake inhibiting activity of centrally acting analgesics: structural determinants and role in antinociception. Journal of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics 274:1263-1270, 1995.
84. Raffa, R.B., Connelly, C.D., Martinez, R.P., Schupsky, J.J., Argentieri, D.C. and Singer,
M.M.: The antinociceptive effects of a novel dual cyclooxygenase/5-lipoxygenase inhibitor
(tepoxalin) and its primary (carboxylic acid) metabolite (RWJ 20142) in acute tests in mice
and rats. Drug Development Research 36:81-90, 1995.
85. Tallarida, R.J. and Raffa, R.B.: Testing for synergism over a range of fixed ratio drug combinations: replacing the isobologram. Life Sciences/Pharmacology Letters 58:PL 23-28,
1996.
86. Raffa, R.B., Goode, T.L., Martinez, R.P. and Jacoby, H.I.: A Gi2 antisense oligonucleotide
differentiates morphine antinociception, constipation and acute dependence in mice. Life
Sciences/Pharmacology Letters 58:PL 73-76, 1996.
87. Raffa, R.B., Connelly, C.D., Chambers, J.R. and Stone, D.J: -Subunit G-protein antisense
oligodeoxynucleotide effects on supraspinal (i.c.v.) 2-adrenoceptor antinociception in mice
Life Sciences/Pharmacology Letters 58:PL 77-80, 1996.
88. Raffa, R.B.: A novel approach to the pharmacology of analgesics. American Journal of
Medicine 101 (Suppl 1A):40S-46S, 1996.
89. Raffa, R.B., Schupsky, J.J. and Jacoby, H.I.: Endothelin-induced nociception in mice:
mediation by ETA and ETB receptors. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 276:647-651, 1996.
90. Raffa, R.B. and Codd, E.E.: Lack of binding of acetaminophen to 5-HT receptor or uptake
sites (or eleven other binding/uptake assays). Life Sciences/Pharmacology Letters 59:PL
37-40, 1996.
91. Raffa, R.B., Schupsky, J.J., Lee, D.K.H. and Jacoby, H.I.: Characterization of endothelininduced nociception in mice: evidence for a mechanistically distinct analgesic model. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 278: 1-7, 1996.
92. Raffa, R.B., Haslego, M.L., Maryanoff, C.A., Villani, F.J., Codd, E.E., Connelly, C.D.,
Martinez, R.P., Schupsky, J.J., Buben, J.A., Wu, W-N., Takacs, A.N. and McKown, L.A.:
Unexpected antinociceptive effect of the N-oxide (RWJ 38705) of tramadol hydrochloride.
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 278: 1098-1104, 1996.
93. Raffa, R.B. and Stone, D.J., Jr.: Could dual G-protein coupling explain [D-Met2]-FMRFamide’s mixed action in vivo? Peptides 17: 1261-1265, 1996.
94. Lai, J., Ma, S-w., Porreca, F. and Raffa, R.B.: Tramadol, M1 metabolite and enantiomer
affinities for cloned human opioid receptors expressed in transfected HN9.10 neuroblastoma cells. European Journal of Pharmacology 316: 369-372, 1996.
95. Raffa, R.B. and Friderichs, E.: The basic science aspect of tramadol hydrochloride. Pain
Reviews. 3:249-271, 1996.
96. Goode, T.L. and Raffa, R.B.: An examination of the relationship between µ-opioid antinociceptive efficacy and G-protein coupling using pertussis and cholera toxins. Life Sciences/
Pharmacology Letters 60:PL 107-113, 1997.
97. Tallarida, R.J., Stone, D.J. Jr. and Raffa, R.B.: Efficient designs for studying synergistic
drug combinations. Life Sciences/Pharmacology Letters 61: PL 417-425, 1997.
98. Raffa, R.B.: Possible role(s) of neurokinins in CNS development and neurodegenerative or
other disorders. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 22:789-813, 1998.
99. Raffa, R.B: Screen of receptor and uptake-site activity of hypericin component of St. John’s
wort reveals receptor binding. Life Sciences/Pharmacology Letters 62: PL 265-270,
1998.
100. Raffa, R.B. and Stone, D. J., Jr.: µ Receptor and Gi2 antisense attenuate [D-Met2]-FMRFamide antinociception in mice. Peptides 19: 1171-1175, 1998.
Robert B. Raffa, Ph.D.
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101. Bennett, D.A. Jr, Phun, L., Polk, J., Voglino, S.A., Zlotnik, V. and Raffa, R.B.: The neuropharmacology of St. John’s wort (Hypericum). Annals of Pharmacotherapy 32:1201-1208,
1998.
102. Li, J-G., Raffa, R.B., Cheung, P., Tzeng, T-B. and Liu-Chen, L-Y.: Temperature dependence of ligand binding to the cloned rat µ opioid receptor: ‘apparent’ thermodynamic parameters. European Journal of Pharmacology 354: 227-237, 1998.
103. Kovelowski, C.J., Raffa, R.B. and Porreca, F.: Tramadol and its enantiomers differentially
suppress c-Fos-like immunoreactivity in rat brain and spinal cord following acute noxious
stimulus. European Journal of Pain 2:211-219, 1998.
104. Raffa, R.B.: Observations on the mechanisms of action of tramadol hydrochloride. Postgraduate Medicine (Special Report, Dec 1998):24-32, 1998.
105. Vanderah, T.W., Raffa, R.B., Lashbrook, J., Burritt, A., Hruby, V. and Porreca, F.: Orphanin
-FQ/nociceptin Lack of antinociceptive, hyperalgesic or allodynic effects in acute thermal or
mechanical tests following intracerebroventricular or intrathecal administration to mice or
rats. European Journal of Pain 2: 267-280, 1998.
106. Dixon, D.A., Fenix, L.A., Kim, D.M. and Raffa, R.B.: Indirect modulation of dopamine D2
receptors as potential pharmacotherapy for Schizophrenia: I. Adenosine agonists. Annals
of Pharmacotherapy., 33: 480-488, 1999.
107. Tallarida, R.J., Stone, D.J. Jr., McCary, J.D. and Raffa, R.B.: A response surface analysis
of synergism between morphine and clonidine. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental
Therapeutics 289; 8-13, 1999.
108. Shadiack, A.M., Molino, L.J., Yagel, S.K., Shank, R.P., Rogers, K.E., Codd, E., Raffa, R.B.
and Wild, K.D: The novel anticonvulsant topiramate is anti-allodynic in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Analgesia, 4: 173-179, 1999.
109. Raffa, R.B.: Minireview: (Extra)thermodynamics of the drug-receptor interaction: Life Sciences 65:967-980, 1999.
110. Raffa, R.B., Stone, D.J. Jr. and Hipp, S.: Differential cholera-toxin sensitivity of supraspinal
antinociception induced by cannabinoid agonists ∆9-THC, WIN 55,212-2 and anandamide
in mice. Neuroscience Letters , 263:29-32, 1999.
111. Lashbrook, J.M., Ossipov, M.H., Hunter, J.C., Raffa, R.B., Tallarida, R.J. and Porreca, F.:
Synergistic anti-allodynic effects of spinal morphine with ketorolac and selective COX1- and
COX2-inhibitors in nerve-injured rats. Pain 82:65-72, 1999.
112. Bian, D., Ossipov, M.H., Ibrahim, M., Raffa, R.B., Tallarida, R.J., Malan, T.P., Jr., Lai, J.
and Porreca, F.: Loss of antiallodynic and antinociceptive spinal/supraspinal morphine synergy in nerve-injured rats: restoration by MK-801 or dynorphin antiserum. Brain Research
831:55-63, 1999.
113. Boyd, R.E., Press, J.B., Rasmussen, C.R., Raffa, R.B., Codd, E.E., Connelly, C.D.,
Bennett, D.J., Kirifides, A.L., Gardocki, J.F., Reynolds, B., Hortenstein, J.T. and Reitz, A.B.:
2 Adrenoceptor agonists as potential analgesic agents. 1. Imidazomethyl-oxazoles and
thiazoles. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 42:5064-5071, 1999.
114. Baby, S., Nguyen, M., Tran, D. and Raffa, R.B.: Substance P antagonists: the next breakthrough in treating depression? Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics 24: 461469, 1999.
115. Betz, C., Mihalic, D., Pinto, M.E. and Raffa, R.B.: Could a common biochemical mechanism underlie addictions? Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics 25:11-20, 2000.
116. Zebraski, S.E., Kochenash, S.M. and Raffa, R.B.: Minireview: Lung opioid receptors: pharmacology and possible target for nebulized morphine in dyspnea. Life Sciences 66: 22212231, 2000,
117. Carfagno, M.L., Hoskins, L.A., Pinto, M.E., Yeh, J.C. and Raffa, R.B.: Indirect modulation
of dopamine D2 receptors as potential pharmacotherapy for Schizophrenia: II. Glutamate
(ant)agonists. Annals of Pharmacotherapy 34: 788-797, 2000.
118. Logani, S., Chen, M.C., Tran, T., Le, T. and Raffa, R.B.: Actions of Ginkgo Biloba related to
potential utility for the treatment of conditions involving cerebral hypoxia. Life Sciences 67:
1389-1396, 2000.
119. Hunsinger, D.M., Nguyen, T., Zebraski, S.E. and Raffa, R.B.: Minireview: Is there a basis
for novel pharmacotherapy of autism? Life Sciences 67:1667-1682, 2000.
Robert B. Raffa, Ph.D.
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120. Li, Q.S., Connelly, C.D., Codd, E.E. and Raffa, R.B.: Method for comparison of the hemodynamic effects of equi-antinociceptive oral doses of drugs in anesthetized rats. Journal of
Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods. 42:127-133, 1999.
121. Xin, L., Geller, E.B., Bastepe, M., Raffa, R.B., Mao, G-F., Ashby, B. and Adler, M.W.:
Suppression of fever and hyperalgesic responses to the EP3-receptor agonist GR 63799X
by EP3-receptor antisense in rats. Journal of Thermal Biology 25:77-79, 2000.
122. Ross, T.M., Jetter, M.C., McDonnell, M.E., Boyd, R.E., Connelly, C.D., Martinez, R.P.,
Lewis, M.A., Codd, E.E., Raffa, R.B. and Reitz, A.B.: 2 Adrenoceptor agonists as potential
analgesic agents. 2. Discovery of 4-(4-Imidazo)-1,3-dimethyl-6,7-dihydrothianapthene as a
high-affinity ligand for the 2D adrenergic receptor. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 43:765768, 2000.
123. Katz, W.A., Bjorkman D.J., Fendrick A.M., Hauser, W.A., Heaton, A.H., Manning, D.C.,
Morgan, G.J., Porter, G.A., Raffa, R.B. and Singh, G.: Challenges and progress in managing chronic pain. Analgesia, 4: 483-504, 2000.
124. Raffa, R.B., Stone, D.J. Jr and Tallarida, R.J.: Discovery of ‘self-synergistic’ spinal/supraspinal antinociception produced by acetaminophen (paracetamol). Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 295:291-294, 2000.
125. Raffa, R.B., Valdez, J.M., Holland, L.J. and Schulingkamp, R.J.: (rapid communication)
Energy-dependent UV light-induced disruption of (–)sulpiride antagonism of dopamine.
European Journal of Pharmacology 406: R11-12, 2000.
126. Schulingkamp, R.J., Pagano, T.C., Hung, D. and Raffa, R.B.: Insulin receptors and insulin
action in the brain: review and clinical implications. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 24: 855-872, 2000.
127. Raffa, R.B.: Antihistamines as analgesics. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics
26:83-87, 2001.
128. Raffa, R.B., Stone, D.J. Jr and Tallarida, R.J.: (rapid communication) Unexpected and pronounced antinociceptive synergy between spinal acetaminophen (paracetamol) and phentolamine. European Journal of Pharmacology 412:R1-R2, 2001.
129. Raffa, R.B., Wu, C., Stone, D.J. Jr., Borenstein, M.R., Codd, E.E. and Coogan, T.P.: Determination of the adsorption of tramadol hydrochloride by activated charcoal in vitro and in
vivo. Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods 43: 205-210.
130. Boyd, R.E., Rasmussen, C.R., Press, J.B., Raffa, R.B., Codd, E.E., Connelly, C.D., Li,
Q.S., Martinez, R.P., Lewis, M.A., Almond and Reitz, A.B.: 2 Adrenoceptor agonists as
potential analgesic agents. 3. Imidaz-olyl-methylthiophenes. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry
44:863-872, 2001.
131. Raffa, R.B.: Pharmacology of oral combination analgesics: rational therapy for pain.
Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics 26:257-264, 2001.
132. Wu, W.N., McKown, L.A., Gauthier, A.D., Jones, W.J. and Raffa, R.B.: Metabolism of the
analgesic drug, tramadol hydrochloride, in rat and dog. Xenobiotica 31:423-441, 2001.
133. Raffa, R.B., and Valdez, J.M.: (rapid communication) Cocaine withdrawal in Planaria. European Journal of Pharmacology 430:143-145, 2001.
134. Tao, Q., Stone, D.J. Jr., Borenstein, M.R., Jean-Bart, V., Codd, E.E., Coogan, T.P., DesaiKrieger, D. Liao, S. and Raffa, R.B.: Gas chromatographic method using nitrogen-phosphorus detection for the measurement of tramadol and its O-desmethyl metabolite in plasma
and brain tissue of mice and rats. Journal of Chromatography B 763:165-171, 2001.
135. Raffa, R.B., Holland, L.J. and Schulingkamp, R.J.: Quantitative assessment of D2 dopaminergic agonist and antagonist activity using invertebrate (Planaria) locomotion as a
functional endpoint. Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods 45:223-226,
2002.
136. Tao, Q., Stone, D.J. Jr., Borenstein, M.R., Codd, E.E., Coogan, T.P., Desai-Krieger, D.
Liao, S. and Raffa, R.B.: Differential tramadol and O-desmethyl metabolite levels in brain
vs. plasma of mice and rats administered tramadol hydrochloride orally. Journal of Clinical
Pharmacy and Therapeutics 27:99-106, 2002.
137. Martinez, R.P. and Raffa, R.B.: Differential phosphatidylinositol mediation of 1 and 2
supra-spinal antinociception in mice. Analgesia, 6:1-2, 2002.
Robert B. Raffa, Ph.D.
15
138. Martinez, R.P. and Raffa, R.B.: LiCl attenuates M1AChR-mediated intrathecal pilocarpineinduced reciprocal hindlimb scratching in mice. Pharmacology 65:210-214, 2002.
139. Spencer, S.D., Abdul, O., Schulingkamp, R.J. and Raffa, R.B.: Toward the design of
RNase inhibitors: ion effects on the thermodynamics of binding of 2'-CMP to RNase-A.
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 301:925-929, 2002.
140. Raffa, R.B.: Harmonic mean relationship between affinity for wild-type receptors and their
alanine-scan mutants. Journal of Theoretical Biology 218:207-214, 2002.
141. Schock–Citver, A., Shields, A.M., Ciaccia, L.M., Schulingkamp, R.J. and Raffa, R.B.:
Indirect modulation of dopamine D2 receptors as potential pharmacotherapy for schizophrenia: III. Retinoids. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics 27:161-168, 2002.
142. Maiorini, A.F., Gaunt, M.J., Jacobsen, T.M., McKay, A.E., Waldman, L.D. and Raffa, R.B.:
Potential novel targets for Alzheimer pharmacotherapy: I. secretases. Journal of Clinical
Pharmacy and Therapeutics 27: 169-183, 2002.
143. Raffa, R.B.: An elective course on writing and publishing a review article. Pharmacy Education 2:51-58, 2002.
144. Raffa, R.B., Spencer, S.D. and Schulingkamp, R.J.: Toward RNase inhibitors: thermodynamics of 2'-CMP/ RNase-A binding in multi-ion buffer. Biochemical Pharmacology 63: 19371939, 2002.
145. Wu, W.N., McKown, L.A., Codd, E.E. and Raffa, R.B.: In vitro metabolism of the analgesic
agent, tramadol-N-oxide, in mouse, rat, and human. European Journal of Drug Metabolism
and Pharmacokinetics 27: 193-197, 2002.
146. Raffa, R.B.: Mechanism of action of analgesics used to treat OA Pain Rheumatic Disease
Clinics of North America 29:733-745, 2003.
147. Raffa, R.B., Clark-Vetri, R., Tallarida, R.J. and Wertheimer, A.I.: Combination strategies for
pain management. Expert Opinion on Pharmacology 4:1697-1708, 2003.
148. Raffa, R.B., Stagliano, G.W. and Umeda, S: -Opioid withdrawal in Planaria. Neuroscience
Letters 349: 139-142, 2003.
149. Raffa, R.B., Dasrath, C.S. and Brown, D.R.: Disruption of a drug-induced choice behavior
by UV light. Behavioural Pharmacology 14:569-571, 2003.
150. Tallarida, R.J., Cowan, A. and Raffa, R.B: Antinociceptive synergy, additivity, and sub-additivity with combinations of oral glucosamine plus nonopioid analgesics in mice. Journal of
Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 307:699-704, 2003.
151. Raffa, R.B., Stagliano, G.W. and Spencer, S.D.: Protonation effect on drug affinity. European Journal of Pharmacology 483:323-324, 2004.
152. Umeda, S., Stagliano, G.W. and Raffa, R.B.: Cocaine and -opioid withdrawal in Planaria
blocked by D-, but not L-, glucose. Brain Research 1018:181-185, 2004. [doi:10.1016/j.
brainres.2004.05.057]
153. Spencer, S.D. and Raffa, R.B.: Isothermal titration calorimetric study of RNase-A kinetics
(cCMP  3’-CMP) involving end-product inhibition. Pharmaceutical Research 21:16421647, 2004 [doi:10.1023/B: PHAM.0000041460.78128.0f]
154. Raffa, R.B., Walker, E.A. and Sterious, S.N.: Opioid receptors and acetaminophen (paracetamol). European Journal of Pharmacology 503:209-210, 2004 [doi:10.1016/ejphar.2004.
08.055]
155. Bassi, N., Cohen, A.R., Desai, S., Espinosa, M.G., Flynn, E.E., Franchetti, K.E., Kuriakose,
A., Lam, S-K.T., Ly, K.S., McGraw, M.J., Namazi, N.N., Nemeh, G.A., Oliva, C.D, Pastakia,
S.D., Riley, K.M., Tairu, O.A. and Raffa, R.B.: Critical evaluation of reported plant sources
of possibly novel analgesic compounds. Reviews in Analgesia 7:97-117, 2004.
156. Raffa, R.B. and Martley, Andrea F.: Amphetamine-induced increase in planarian locomotor
activity and block by UV light. Brain Research 1031:138-140, 2005 [doi:10.1016/j. brainres.
2004.10.051]
157. Umeda, S., Stagliano, G.W. and Raffa, R.B.: A reverse-phase HPLC and fluorescence detection method for measurement of 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) in Planaria. Journal of
Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods 51:73-76, 2005 [doi:10.1016/j.vascn. 2004.07.
002]
158. Raffa, R.B, Iannuzzo J.R., Levine, D.R., Saeid, K.K., Schwartz, R.C., Sucic, N.T, Terleckyj,
O.D., and Young, J.M.: [Perspectives in Pharmacology] Bacterial Communication ('Quorum
Robert B. Raffa, Ph.D.
159.
160.
161.
162.
163.
164.
165.
166.
167.
168.
169.
170.
171.
172.
173.
174.
175.
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Sensing') via Ligands and Receptors: A Novel Pharmacologic Target for the Design of Antibiotic Drugs. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 312: 417-423, 2005.
[10.1124/jpet.104.075150]
Raffa, R.B. and Desai, P.: Description and quantification of withdrawal signs in Planaria.
Brain Research 1032:200-202, 2005 [doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2004.10.052]
Schulingkamp, R.J., Aloyo, V., Tallarida, R.J. and Raffa, R.B.: Changes in aorta alpha1adrenoceptor number and affinity during one year of streptozotocin-induced diabetes in
rats. Pharmacology 74:23-30, 2005. [doi 10.1159/000083211]
Yue, H., Borenstein, M.R., Jansen, S.A. and Raffa, R.B.: Liquid chromatography – mass
spectrometric analysis of buprenorphine and its N-dealkylated metabolite norbuprenorphine
in rat brain tissue and plasma. Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods 52:
314-322, 2005. [doi:10.1016/j.vascn. 2005. 04.012]
Craig, M.A., Beppler, G.A., Santos, C. and Raffa, R.B.: A second (non-genomic) steroid
mechanism of action: possible opportunity for novel pharmacotherapy? Journal of Clinical
Pharmacy & Therapeutics 30:305-312, 2005. [doi:10.1111/j.1365-2710.2005.00664.x]
Raffa, R.B., Brown, D.R. and Dasrath, C.S.: Cocaine effect on light/dark choice in Planaria:
withdrawal. Pharmacologyonline 1:67-77, 2005 [http://www.pharmacologyonline.unisa.it].
Rawls, S.M., Gomez, T. and Raffa, R.B. Measurement of glutamate and aspartate in
Planaria. Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods 53:291-295, 2006. [doi:10.
1016/j.vascn.2005.10.004]
Raffa, R.B.: Pharmacological aspects of successful long-term analgesia. Clinical Rheumatology 25 (Suppl 1):S9-S15, 2006. [doi10.1017/s10067-006-0201-x]
Raffa, R.B., Duong, P.V., Finney, J., Garber, D.A., Lam, L.M., Mathew, S.S., Patel, N.N.,
Plaskett, K.C., Shah, M., and Weng, H.-F.J.: Is ‘chemo-fog’/’chemo-brain’ caused by cancer
chemotherapy? Journal of Clinical Pharmacy & Therapeutics 31:129-138, 2006.
Raffa, R.B., Baron, D.A. and Tallarida, R.J.: [Rapid communication] Schild (pA2) analysis of
a -opioid antagonist in Planaria. European Journal of Pharmacology 540:200-201, 2006.
[10.1016/j.ejphar.2006. 04.027]
Rawls, S.M., Rodriguez, T., Baron, D.A. and Raffa, R.B.: A nitric oxide synthase inhibitor
(L-NAME) attenuates abstinence-induced withdrawal from both cocaine and a cannabinoid
agonist (WIN 55212-2) in Planaria. Brain Research 1099:82-87, 2006. [doi:10.1016/j.brain
res.2006.04.103]
Bruns, I.R., Chhum, S., Dinh, A.T., Doerr, H., Dunn, N.R., Ly, Y.T., Mitman, C.L., Rickards,
H.D., Sol, C., Wan, E.W., and Raffa, R.B.: A potential novel strategy to separate therapeutic- and side-effects that are mediated via the same receptor: -arrestin2/G-protein coupling
antagonists. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy & Therapeutics 31:119-128, 2006.
Raffa, R.B., Stagliano, G.W. and Tallarida, R.J.: Subadditive withdrawal from cocaine/opioid agonist combinations in Planaria. Brain Research 1114:31-35, 2006. [doi:10.1016/
j.brainres.2006.07.037]
Raffa, R.B. and Tallarida, R.J.: Modified ‘Joyce model’ of opioid dependence/withdrawal.
European Journal of Pharmacology 551:54-57, 2006 [doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.09.003]
Raffa, R.B., Stagliano, G.W. and Tallarida, R.J.: [Rapid communication] Nonlinear isobologram and super-additive withdrawal from cocaine:cannabinoid combinations in planarians.
European Journal of Pharmacology 556:89-90, 2007. [doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.10.051]
Rawls, S.M., Gomez, T., and Raffa, R.B.: An NMDA antagonist (LY 235959) attenuates
abstinence-induced withdrawal of planarians following acute exposure to a cannabinoid
agonist (WIN 52212-2). Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 86:499-504, 2007.
Raffa, R.B., Cavallo, F., and Capasso, A.: Flumazenil-sensitive dose-related physical
dependence in planarians produced by two benzodiazepine and one non-benzodiazepine
benzodiazepine receptor agonists. European Journal of Pharmacology 564:88-93, 2007.
Xie, S., Furjanic, M.A., Ferrara, J.J., McAndrew, N.R., Ardino, E.L., Ngondara, A, Bernstein,
Y., Thomas, K.J., Kim, E., Walker, J.M., Nagar, S., Ward, S.J. and Raffa, R.B.: The endocannabinoid system and rimonabant: a new drug with a novel mechanism of action involving cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonism –or inverse agonism– as potential obesity treatment and other therapeutic use. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics 32:209231, 2007.
Robert B. Raffa, Ph.D.
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176. Rawls, S.M., Stagliano, G.W., Gomez, T. and Raffa, R.B.: Measurement of GABA and
glycine in planarians. Pharmacologyonline 1, 2007 [http://www.pharmacologyonline.unisa.it]
177. Rawls, S.M., Gomez, T., Ding, Z. and Raffa, R.B.: [Rapid communication] Differential behavioral effect of the TRPM8/TRPA1 channel agonist icilin (AG-3-5). European Journal of
Pharmacology 575:103-104, 2007. Doi.10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.07.060]
178. Raffa, R.B. and Ding, Z.: Examination of the preclinical antinociceptive efficacy of buprenorphine and its designation as full- or partial-agonist. Acute Pain 9:145-152, 2007.
179. Kadiev, E., Mosaferirad, P., Patel, V., Thankachan, L., Tram, A., Weinlein, M., Woodfin, K.,
Raffa, R.B. and Nagar, S.: Role of pharmacogenetics in variable response to drugs: focus
on opioids. Expert Opinion in Drug Metabolism and Toxicology 4:77-91, 2008.
180. Raffa, R.B.: Basic pharmacology relevant to drug abuse assessment: tramadol as example
Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics 33:101-108, 2008.
181. Raffa, R.B., Stagliano, G.W., Ross, G., Powell, J.A., Phillips, A.G., Ding, Z. and Rawls,
S.M.: The -opioid receptor antagonist nor-BNI inhibits cocaine and amphetamine, but not
cannabinoid (WIN 52212-2), abstinence-induced withdrawal in planarians: an example of
‘pharmacologic congruence’. Brain Research 1193:51-56, 2008.
182. Farrell, M.S., Gilmore, K., Raffa, R.B. and Walker, E.A.: Behavioral characterization of
serotonergic activation in the flatworm Planaria. Behavioural Pharmacology 19:177-182,
2008.
183. Rawls, S.M., Cavallo, F., Capasso, A., Ding, Z. and Raffa, R.B.: The ß-lactam antibiotic
ceftriaxone inhibits physical dependence and abstinence-induced withdrawal from cocaine,
amphetamine, methamphetamine, and clorazepate in planarians. European Journal of
Pharmacology 584:278-284, 2008.
184. Sacavage, S., Patel, H., Zielinski, M., Acker, J., Phillips, A.G., Raffa, R.B., and Rawls, S.M:
Withdrawal-like behavior in planarians is dependent on drug exposure duration. Neuroscience Letters 439:84-88, 2008. [doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2008.04.086]
185. Raffa, R.B. and Stone, D.J.: Unexceptional seizure potential of tramadol or its enantiomers
or metabolites in mice. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 325:500506, 2008. [doi:10.1124/jpet.108.137273]
186. Raffa, R.B. and Nagar, S.: Looking beyond the administered drug: metabolites of opioid
analgesics. Journal of Family Practice 57(Suppl):S1-S8, 2008.
187. Rawls, S.M., Gerber, K., Zisk, J., Ding, Z., Roth, C., and Raffa, R.B.: Agmatine: identification and inhibition of methamphetamine, kappa opioid, and cannabinoid physical dependence in planarians. Synapse 62:927-934, 2008. (Dec) [doi 10.1002/syn.20571]
188. Rawls, S.M., Baron, S., Ding, Z., Roth, C., Zaveri, N., and Raffa, R.B.: Nociceptin attenuates methamphetamine abstinence-induced withdrawal-like behavior in planarians. Neuropeptides 42:229-237, 2008.
189. Foley, J.J., Raffa, R.B., and Walker, E.A.: Effects of 5-fluorouracil and methotrexate alone
and combined in a mouse model of learning and memory. Psychopharmacology 199:527538, 2008. [doi 10. 1007/s00213-008-1175-y]
190. Dhami, H., Fritz, C., Gankin, B., Pak, S., Yi, W., Seya, M-J., Raffa, R.B., Nagar, S.: The
chemokine system and CCR5 antagonists: potential in HIV treatment and other novel therapies. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, 34:147-160, 2009. (Apr) [doi:10.111
1/j.1365-2710.2008.00978.x]
191. Varga, L., Ako-Agugua, N., Colasante, J., Hertweck, L., Houser, T., Smith, J., Watty, A.,
Nagar, S., Raffa, R.B.: Critical review of ropinirole and pramipexole – putative dopamine
D3-receptor selective agonists – for the treatment of RLS. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and
Therapeutics 34:493-505, 2009 (Oct).
192. Raffa, R.B. The m5 muscarinic receptor as possible target for treatment of drug abuse.
Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics 34:623-629, 2009 (Dec).
[doi:10.1111/j.1365-2710.2009.01059.x]
193. Pergolizzi, J.V. Jr. and Raffa, R.B.: Oxymorphone and opioid rotation. Pain Medicine 10
(S1):S39-S48, 2009. (Apr) [doi:10.1111/j.1526-4637.2009.00598.x]
194. Raffa, R.B.: Is a picture worth a thousand (forgotten) words?: neuroimaging evidence for
the cognitive deficits in ‘chemo-fog’/’chemo-brain’. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, 35:1-9, 2010 (Jan) [doi:101111/j.1365-2710.2009.01044.x]
Robert B. Raffa, Ph.D.
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195. Ding, Z. and Raffa, R.B.: Identification of an additional supraspinal component to the analgesic mechanism of action of buprenorphine. British Journal of Pharmacology 157:831843, 2009. (July) [doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.0029.x]
196. Pergolizzi, J.V. Jr. and Raffa, R.B.: The use of high-dose transdermal buprenorphine in the
treatment of cancer pain. Journal of Medicine, 2:111-120, 2009. (May/June)
197. Rawls, S.M., Thomas, T., Adeola, M., Patel, T., Raymindi, N., Poles, A., Loo, M. and Raffa,
R.B.: Topiramate antagonizes NMDA- and AMPA-induced seizure-like activity in planarians. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior, 93:363-367, 2009. (Oct) [doi:10.1016/j.
pbb. 2009.05.005]
198. Pergolizzi, J.V. Jr, Raffa, R.B. and Gould, E.: Considerations on the use of oxymorphone in
geriatric patients. Expert Opinion on Drug Safety. 8(5):603-613, 2009. (Sep) [doi: 10.1517/
14740330903153854].
199. Raffa, R.B. and Tallarida, R.J.: Effects on the visual system might contribute to some of the
cognitive defects of cancer chemotherapy-induced ‘chemo-fog’. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, 35:249-255, 2010 (June) [doi:10.1111/j.1365-2710.2009.01086.x]
200. Raffa, R.B. and Tallarida, R.J.: ‘Affinity’: historical development in chemistry and pharmacology. Bulletin for the History of Chemistry, 35:7-16, 2010. (Jan)
201. Pergolizzi, J.V. Jr., Pappagallo, M., Raffa, R.B., Gharibo, C., Phillips, R.B. and Tabor, A.:
Preliminary observations of a novel topical oil with analgesic properties for treatment of
acute and chronic pain syndromes. Pain Practice, 10:201-213, 2010 (May/June) [doi:10.
1111/j. 1533-2500.2009.00350.x].
202. Tallarida, R.J., Cowan, A. and Raffa, R.B.: On deriving the dose-effect relation of an unknown second component: an example using buprenorphine preclinical data. Drug & Alcohol Dependence, 109:126-129, 2010 (Jun) [doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2009.12.014]
203. Raffa, R.B., Pergolizzi, J.V. Jr. and Tallarida, R.J.: The determination and application of
fixed-dose analgesic combinations for treating multimodal pain. Journal of Pain, 11:701709, 2010 (Aug) [doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2009.12.010]
204. Morlion, B., Pergolizzi, J.V. Jr. and Raffa, R.B.: European perspectives and upcoming analgesics: what do they have that we don’t and what do they think about them? Techniques in
Regional Anesthesia and Pain Management, 14:86-98, 2010 (Apr) [doi:10.1053/j.trap.2010.
03.002]
205. Raffa, R.B., Pergolizzi, J.V. Jr., Segarnick, D.J. and Tallarida, R.J.: Oxycodone combinations for pain relief. Drugs of Today, 46:379-398, 2010 (Jun) [doi: 10.1358/dot.2010.46.6.
1470106]
206. Tallarida, R.J. and Raffa, R.B.: The application of drug dose equivalence in the quantitative
analysis of receptor occupation and drug combinations. Pharmacology and Therapeutics,
127:165-174, 2010 (Aug) [doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.04.011]
207. Rawls, S.M., Patil, T., Kim, J. and Raffa, R.B.: First evidence that abused drugs produce
behavioral sensitization and cross-sensitization in planarians. Behavioural Pharmacology,
21:301-313, 2010 (July) [doi:10.1097/FBP.0b013e32833b0098]
208. Rawls, S.M., Shah, H., Ayoub, G. and Raffa, R.B.: 5-HT1A-like receptor activation inhibits
abstinence-induced methamphetamine withdrawal in planarians. Neuroscience Letters,
484:113-117, 2010 (Oct) [doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2010.08.027]
209. Raffa, R.B. and Pergolizzi, J.V. Jr.: Opioid formulations designed to resist/deter abuse.
Drugs, 70(13):1657-1675, 2010 (Sep).
210. Toussaint, K., Yang, X.C., Zielinski, M., Reigle, K., Sacavage, S., Nagar, S., Raffa, R.B.:
What do we (not) know about how paracetamol (acetaminophen) works? Journal of Clinical
Pharmacy and Therapeutics, 35(6):617-638, 2010 (Dec) [doi:10.1111/j.1365-2710.2009.
01143.x]
211. Pergolizzi, J.V. Jr., Aloisi, A.M., Dahan, A., Filitz, J., Langford, R., Likar, R., Mercadante, S.,
Morlion, B., Raffa, R.B., Sabatowski, P., Sacerdote, P., Torres, L.M. and Weinbroum, A.A.:
Current knowledge of buprenorphine and its unique pharmacological profile. Pain Practice,
10(5):428-450, 2010 (Sep/Oct) [doi:10.1111/j.1533-2500.2010/00378x]
212. Raffa, R.B.: Minireview: Diselenium, instead of disulfide, bonded analogs of conotoxins:
novel synthesis and pharmacotherapeutic potential. Life Sciences, 87:451-456, 2010 (Oct)
[doi10.1016/j.lfs.2010.07.011]
Robert B. Raffa, Ph.D.
19
213. Vyas, C.A., Rawls, S.M., Raffa, R.B., Shackman, J.G.: Glutamate and aspartate measurements in individual planaria by rapid capillary electrophoresis. Journal of Pharmacological
and Toxicological Methods, 63(1):119-122, 2011 (Jan-Feb) [doi:10.1016/j.vascn.2010.08.
002]
214. Rawls, S.M., Karaca, F, Madhani, I, Bhojani, V., Martinez, R., Abou-Gharbia, M. and Raffa,
R.B.: β-lactamase inhibitors display anti-seizure properties in an invertebrate assay. Neuroscience, 169(4):1800-1804, 2010 (Sep) [doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.06.041]
215. Raffa, R.B., Finno, K.E., Tallarida, C.S., Rawls, S.M.: Topiramate-antagonism of L-glutamate-induced in planarians. European Journal of Pharmacology, 649(1-3):150-153, 2010
(Dec) [doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.09.021]
216. Akter, K., Lanza, E.A., Martin, S.A., Myronyuk, N., Rua, M. and Raffa, R.B.: Diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer’s disease: shared pathology and treatment? British Journal of Clinical
Pharmacology, 71(3):365-376, 2011 (Mar) [doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2010.03830.x]
217. Raffa, R.B.: Commentary: A proposed mechanism for chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, 36(3): 257-259, 2011 (June) [doi:
10.1111/j.1365-2710.2010.01188.x]
218. Raffa, R.B. and Pergolizzi, J.V. Jr.: Deciphering the mechanism(s) of action of natural products: analgesic peroxide oil as example. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics,
36(3): 283-298, 2011 (June) [doi:10.1111/j.1365-2710.2010.01190.x]
219. Raffa, R.B.: Cancer ‘survivor-care’: I. the 7 nAChR as potential target for chemotherapyrelated cognitive impairment. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, 36(3): 437445, 2011 (July) [doi:10.1111/j.1365-2710.2010.01208.x]
220. Ward, S.J. and Raffa, R.B.: Rimonabant redux and strategies to improve the future outlook
of CB1 receptor neutral-antagonist/inverse-agonist therapies. Obesity, 19:1325-1334, 2011
(July) [doi:10.1038/oby.2011.69].
221. Pergolizzi, J.V. Jr., Taylor, R. Jr. and Raffa, R.B.: Extended-release formulations of tramadol in the treatment of chronic pain. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 12(11):17571768, 2011 (Aug) [doi: 10.1517/14656566.2011.576250].
221. Walker, E.A., Foley, J.J., Clark-Vetri, R. and Raffa, R.B.: Effects of repeated administration
of chemotherapeutic agents tamoxifen, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil on the acquisition
and retention of a learned response in mice. Psychopharmacology, 217(4):539-548, 2011
(Oct) [doi:10.1007/s00213-011-2310-8]
223. Pergolizzi, J.V. Jr., Raffa, R.B. and Taylor, R.: Prophylaxis of postoperative nausea and
vomiting in adolescent patients: a review with emphasis on combination of fixed-dose
ondansetron and transdermal scopolamine. Journal of Drug Delivery, Article ID 426813, 7
pgs, 2011 (July) [doi10.1155/2011/426813]
224. Rawls, S.M., Patil, T., Tallarida, C.S., Baron, S., Kim, M., Song, K., Ward, S. and Raffa, R.
B.: Nicotine behavioral pharmacology: clues from planarians. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 118(2-3):274-279, 2011 (Nov) [doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.04.001].
225. Raffa, R.B. and Raffa, K.F.: Potential insight from high fidelity receptor-mediated transduction mechanisms in insects. Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery, 6(10):1091-1101, 2011
(Oct) [doi:10.1517/17460441.2011.611497].
226. Pappagallo, M., Leslie, J.B., Raffa, R.B., Kash, P., Fleischer, C., Sinclair, N., Labhestwar,
S., Di Lorenzo, L. and Tabor, A.: Evaluation of a novel topical essential oxygen oil for the
treatment of pain in acute tendinopathy and sprains. Muscles, Ligaments and Tendons
Journal, 1(1):25-30, 2011 (est. Oct/Nov).
227. Taylor, R., Raffa, R.B. and Pergolizzi, J.V. Jr: Naltrexone extended-release injection: an
option for the management of opioid abuse. Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation, 2:219226, 2011 (Dec) [doi.org/10.2147/SAR.S17920].
228. Raffa, R.B. and Pergolizzi, J.V. Jr: The evolving understanding of the analgesic mechanism of action of flupirtine. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, 37:4-6, 2012
(Feb) [doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2710.2010.01233.x].
229. Tallarida, R.J., Lamarre, N. and Raffa, R.B.: ‘Null Method’ determination of drug biophase
concentration. Pharmaceutical Research, 29(3):637-642,2012 (March) [doi:10.1007/s11095
-011-0612-5]
Robert B. Raffa, Ph.D.
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230. Raffa, R.B. and Pergolizzi, J.V. Jr.: Multi-mechanistic analgesia for opioid-induced hyperalgesia. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, 37(2):125-127, 2012 (April) [doi:
10.1111/j.1365-2710.2011.01264.x]
231. Akter, K., Gallo, D.A., Martin, S.A., Myronyuk, N., Roberts, R.T., Stercula, K. and Raffa, R.
B.: A review of the possible role of the essential fatty acids and fish oils in the aetiology,
prevention or pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, 37(2):132-139, 2012 (April) [doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2710.2011.01265.x]
232. Pergolizzi, J.V. Jr, Raffa, R.B., Tallarida, R.J., Taylor, R. Jr and Labhsetwar, S.A.; Continuous multimechanistic postoperative analgesia: a rationale for transitioning from intravenous
acetaminophen and opioids to oral formulations. Pain Practice, 12(2):159-173, 2012 (Feb)
[doi: 10.1111/j.1533-2500.2011.00476.x].
233. Ramoz, L., Lodi, S., Bhatt, P., Reitz, A., Tallarida, C.S., Tallarida, R.J., Raffa, R.B. and
Rawls, S.M.: Mephedrone (‘bath salt’) pharmacology: insights from invertebrates. Neuroscience, 208:79-84, 2012 (April) [doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.01.019]
234. Taylor, R. Jr., Raffa, R.B. and Pergolizzi, J.V. Jr.: Controlled release formulation of oxycodone in patients with moderate to severe chronic osteoarthritis: a critical review of the literature. Journal of Pain Research. 5:77-87, 2012 (April) [doi.org/10.2147/JPR.S21965]
235. Raffa, R.B. and Ward, S.J.: CB1-independent mechanisms of 9-THCV, AM251 and SR
141716 (rimonabant). Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, 37:260-265, 2012
(June) [doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2710.2011.01284.x]
236. Tallarida, C., Song, K., Raffa, R.B. and Rawls, S.M: Glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII)
inhibitor displays anti-glutamate and anti-cocaine effects in an invertebrate assay. Amino
Acids, 42:2521-2524, 2012 (June) [DOI 10.1007/s00726-011-1052-6]
237. Pagán, O., Baker, D., Deats, S., Montgomery, E., Tenaglia, M., Randolph, C, Kotturu, D.,
Tallarida, C.S., Bach, D., Wilk, G., Rawls, S.M., Raffa, R.B.: Planarians in pharmacology:
parthenolide is a specific behavioral antagonist of cocaine in the planarian Girardia tigrini.
International Journal of Developmental Biology, 56:193-196, 2012 (March) [doi: 10.1387/
ijdb.113486op]
238. Raffa, R.B., Burmeister, J.J., Yuvasheva, E. and Pergolizzi. J.V. Jr.: QTc interval prolongation: survey of opioid and nonopioid analgesics Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 13:
1397-1409, 2012 (July) [10.1517/14656566.2012150]
239. Raffa, R.B., Buschmann, H., Christoph, T., Eichenbaum, G., Englberger, W., Flores, C.M.,
Hertrampf, T., Kögel, B., Schiene, K., Straßburger, W., Terlinden, R. and Tzschentke, T.M.:
Mechanistic and functional differentiation of tapentadol and tramadol. Expert Opinion on
Pharmacotherapy, 13:1437-1449, 2012 (July) [doi: 10.1517/14656566.2012.696097]
240. Raffa, R.B.: Tramadol in Japanese population: the relative contribution of M1 metabolite as
assessed by CYP2D6*10 genotype. Pharmacology & Pharmacy, 3: 345-349, 2012 (July)
[doi:10.4236/pp.2012.33046]
241. Raffa, R.B., Tallarida, C.S., Choudhry, A, Sanni-Adam, N., McGonigle, S., Baron, M, Chen,
Z.L., Rawls, S.M. and Tallarida, R.J.: Disruption of drug effects (dopamine, nicotine, pilocarpine, -opioid) in planarians by UV light. Pharmacology and Pharmacy, 3: 366-371,
2012 (July) [doi:10.4236/pp.2012.33049]
242. Raffa, R.B., Tallarida, C.S., Patel, S.R., Rawls, S.M. and Krynetskiy, E.: Development of a
behavioral and imaging model of feeding in planarians. Pharmacology & Pharmacy, 3: 372375, 2012 (July) [doi:10.4236/pp.2012.33050]
243. Raffa, R.B. and Pergolizzi, J.V. Jr.: Intracerebroventricular opioids for intractable pain. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 74: 34-41, 2012 July) [doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2012.
04201.x]
244. Raffa, R.B., Tallarida, R.J., Taylor, R. Jr. and Pergolizzi, J.V. Jr.: Fixed-dose combinations
for emerging treatment of pain. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 13: 1261-1270, 2012
(July) [doi10.1517/14656566.2012.668531]
245. Pergolizzi, J.V. Jr., Philip, B.K., Leslie, J.B., Taylor, R. and Raffa, R.B.: Perspectives on
transdermal scopolamine for the treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Journal
of Clinical Anesthesia, 24:334-345, 2012 (June) [doi:10.1016/j.jclinane.2011.07.019]
Robert B. Raffa, Ph.D.
21
246. Raffa, R.B., Eltoukhy, N.S. and Raffa, K.F.: Commentary: Implications of climate change
(global warming) for the healthcare system. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics,
37:502-504, 2012 (Oct) [doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2710.2012.01355.x]
247. Raffa, R.B. and Pergolizzi, J.V. Jr.: Opioid-induced hyperalgesia: is it clinically relevant for
the treatment of pain patients? Pain Management Nursing, in press
248. Taylor, R. Jr., Gan, T.J., Raffa, R.B., Gharibo, C., Pappagallo, M., Sinclair, N.R., Fleischer,
C. and Tabor, A.: A randomized double-blind comparison shows the addition of oxygenated
glycerol triesters to topical mentholated cream for the treatment of musculoskeletal pain
demonstrates incremental benefit over time. Pain Practice, in press
249. Pergolizzi, J.V. Jr., Raffa, R.B., Taylor, R., Nalamachu, S., Langley, P., Rodriguez, G.: A
review of duloxetine 60 mg once-daily dosing for the management of diabetic peripheral
neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia, and chronic musculoskeletal pain due to chronic
osteoarthritis pain and low back pain. Pain Practice, in press
250. Pergolizzi, J.V. Jr., Raffa, R.B., Pergolizzi, J.S. and Taylor, R.: Non-analgesic effects of
opioids: factors relevant to opioid abuse and abuse-deterrent formulations. Current Pharmaceutical Design, in press
251. Pergolizzi, J.V. Jr., van de Laar, M., Langford, R., Mellinghoff, H-U., Merchante, I.M., Nalamachu, S., O’Brien, J., Perrot, S. and Raffa, R.B.: Tramadol/paracetamol fixed-dose combination in the treatment of moderate to severe pain. Journal of Pain Research , in press
252. Raffa, R.B., F. Breve, Taylor, R. Jr., Pergolizzi, J.V. Jr.: Vitamin D and number of falls in a
long-term care facility. Pharmacology & Pharmacy, in press
253. Owaisat, S., Raffa, R.B. and Rawls, S.M.: In vivo comparison of harmine efficacy against
psychostimulants: preferential inhibition of the cocaine response through a glutamatergic
mechanism. Neuroscience Letters, in press
254. Raffa, R.B., Gallo, D.A., Tallarida, C.S., Rawls, S.M. and Tallarida, R.J.: Isobolographic
method and an invertebrate (planarian) model for evaluating combinations of waterways
pollutants. Pharmacology & Pharmacy, in press
255. Pergolizzi, J.V. Jr., Raffa, R.B. and Taylor, R. Jr.: Treating acute pain in light of the chronification of pain. Pain Management Nursing, in press
256. Taylor, R. Jr., Sinclair, A., Pergolizzi, J.V. Jr., Raffa, R.B., Aldington, D., Plavin, S., Apfel,
C.: Transversus abdominus block: clinical uses, side effects, and future perspectives. Pain
Practice, in press
Submitted or In Preparation:
###. Zhang, C., Tallarida, C.S., Hwang, I., Raffa, R.B., Rawls, S.M.: Reinforcing and withdrawal
effects of sucrose mediated by dopamine receptors in planarians. Physiology and Behavior,
submitted
###. Taylor, R. Jr., Pergolizzi, J.V. Jr., Raffa, R.B.: Nabilone for the treatment of emesis. Expert
Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, in prep
###. Raffa, R.B.: Mechanistic insight from a hormetic (inverted-U) dose-response curve: an
example from preclinical buprenorphine-induced antinociception.
###. Pergolizzi, J.V. Jr., Raffa, R.B., Nagar, S., Fleischer, C., Sinclair, N. and Gould, E.M.: An
open-label pharmacokinetic study of oxymorphone extended-release in the elderly, in prep
###. Pergolizzi, J.V. Jr., Raffa, R.B., Florio, F. and :The safety of Butrans (a seven day transdermal buprenorphine delivery system) in the management of pain in the elderly. In prep
###. Raffa, R.B., Pergolizzi, J.V. Jr. and Muniz, E.: Designing and screening for opioids that deter abuse. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, submitted
###. Taylor, R. Jr., Raffa, R.B. and Pergolizzi, J.V. Jr: Buprenorphine metabolism and drug-drug
interactions. In: Cruciani, R.A. (ed.) Handbook of Methadone Prescribing and Buprenorphine Therapy. submitted
###. ?? Pergolizzi, J.V. Jr., Raffa, R.B., and : A randomized, placebo-controlled study of the
impact of the seven-day buprenorphine transdermal system on health-related quality of life
in opioid-naïve patients with moderate-to-severe chronic low back pain. in prep
Robert B. Raffa, Ph.D.
22
###. O'Brien, J., Pergolizzi J.V. Jr., van de Laar, M., Mellinghoff, H-U., Merchante I.M.,
Nalamachu, S., Perrot, S. and Raffa, R.B.: tramadol/paracetamol fixed-dose combination in
the frontline of pain management: the perspective of the nurse-prescriber. BMC Nursing,
submitted
###. van de Laar, M., Pergolizzi J.V. Jr., Mellinghoff, H-U., Merchante I.M., Nalamachu, O'Brien,
J., S., Perrot, S. and Raffa, R.B.: Pain treatment in arthritis-related pain: beyond NSAIDs,
submitted
###. Taylor, R. Jr., Pergolizzi, J.V. Jr., Raffa, R.B.: Tapentadol for the treatment of chronic pain.
International Journal of Clinical Reviews, in prep
###. Taylor, R. Jr, Pergolizzi, J.V. Jr, Raffa, R.B.: Tapentadol extended release for chronic pain
patients. Advances in Therapy, submitted
###. Lamarre, N.S., Raffa, R.B. and Tallarida, R.J.: Cocaine synergism with alpha agonists in
rat aorta: computational analysis reveals an action beyond reuptake inhibition, in prep
###. Nalamachu, S., Taylor, R. Jr., Pergolizzi, J.V. Jr., Vacalis S. and Raffa, R.B.: Hormone
replacement therapy for restoring the HPG axis in long-term pain patients treated with
opioid analgesics. In prep
###. Taylor, R. Jr., Pergolizzi, J.V. Jr. and Raffa, R.B.: Pain and obesity in the older adult.
Current Pharmaceutical Design, In prep
4.
1.
Special reviews/letters/other
Wild, K.D. and Raffa, R.B.: Current Research in Analgesia I. May 1 – June 6, 1994.
Analgesia, 1:1-9, 1994.
2.
Wild, K.D. and Raffa, R.B.: Current Research in Analgesia II. June 7 – July 11, 1994.
Analgesia, 1:83-90, 1995.
3.
Wild, K.D. and Raffa, R.B.: Current Research in Analgesia III. July 18 – August 1, 1994.
Analgesia, 1:145-150, 1995.
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Wild, K.D. and Raffa, R.B.: Current Research in Analgesia IV - VI. August 8, 1994 –
February 27, 1995. Analgesia, 1:211-242, 1995.
Wild, K.D. and Raffa, R.B.: Current Research in Analgesia VII. February 28, 1995 – April
10, 1995. Analgesia, 2: 1-10, 1996.
Wild, K.D. and Raffa, R.B.: Current Research in Analgesia VIII. April 11, 1995 – August 7,
1995. Analgesia, 2: 63-91, 1996.
Wild, K.D. and Raffa, R.B.: Current Research in Analgesia IX. August 8, 1995 – January 1,
1996. Analgesia, 2: 165-190, 1996.
Wild, K.D. and Raffa, R.B.: Current Research in Analgesia X. January 2 – March 18, 1996.
Analgesia, 2: 237-254, 1996.
Wild, K.D. and Raffa, R.B.: Current Research in Analgesia XI. March 19 – June 29, 1996.
Analgesia, 3: 51-100, 1997.
Wild, K.D. and Raffa, R.B.: Current Research in Analgesia XII. June 30 – October 12,
1996. Analgesia, 3: 141-221, 1997.
Wild, K.D. and Raffa, R.B.: Current Research in Analgesia XIII. October 1996 – January
1997. Analgesia, 3: 307-493, 1998.
Wild, K.D. and Raffa, R.B.: Current Research in Analgesia XIV. January – July 1 1997.
Analgesia, 4: 33-171, 1999.
McCary J.D., Wild, K.D. and Raffa, R.B.: Current Research in Analgesia XV. July –
December 1997. Analgesia, 4: 197-375, 1999.
McCary J.D., Wild, K.D. and Raffa, R.B.: Current Research in Analgesia XVI. January –
December 1998. Analgesia, 4: 409-459, 1999.
McCary J.D., Wild, K.D. and Raffa, R.B.: Current Research in Analgesia XVII. January –
June 1999. Analgesia, 4: 505-663, 1999.
Robert B. Raffa, Ph.D.
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Schulingkamp R.J., McCary J.D. and Raffa, R.B.: Current Research in Analgesia XVIII.
July – December 1999. Analgesia, 5: 84-209, 2000.
Schulingkamp R.J. and Raffa, R.B.: Current Research in Analgesia XIX. January – June
2000. Analgesia, 5: 249-550, 2001.
Raffa., R.B.: Acetaminophen and metabolite: lack of effect on NO synthase (constitutive or
inducible) [letter]. Headache, 42:237-238, 2002.
Raffa, R.B.: Pain medications. In: Bernstein et al. Analgesia in Sports Medicine. McGrawHill, 2003.
Raffa, R.B.: Mechanism of action of acetaminophen. Journal of Clinical Rheumatology
9(Supplement):S12-S15, 2003.
Raffa, R.B. and Jacoby, H.I.: Endothelin antagonists in CION injury model (Chichorro et al.,
2006). [Letter to the editor]. Pain 126:322 [doi:10.1016/j.pain.2006.07.013]
Book Review: Melanie Thernstrom “The Pain Chronicles: Cures, Myths, Mysteries, Prayers,
Diaries, Brain Scans, Healing, and the Science of Suffering”. Farrar, Strauss & Giroux; NY.
Journal of Clinical Investigation, 121(3):825-825, 2011 (Mar) [doi:10.1172/JCI45953].
Pergolizzi, J.V., Jr. and Raffa, R.B.: Special Report: From molecule to matrix: an option for
the management of moderate to severe chronic pain. Pain Medicine News, August 2011.
Pergolizzi, J.V. Jr, Raffa, R.B. and Taylor, R. Jr.: Low-dose transdermal buprenorphine
system. Paineurope, 2012:Issue 1, pgs 8-9.
Pergolizzi, J.V., Jr. and Raffa, R.B. Common opioid-drug interactions: what clinicians need
to know. Practical Pain Management, 2012 (August) pgs 59-74.
Raffa, R.B. and Pergolizzi, J.V. Jr.: Is morphine medicine’s biggest misnomer? [Letter]
Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 46: 1122-1123, 2012 (July/August) [doi: 10.1345/aph.1R133]
5. Proceedings publications
1.
2.
3.
4.
Raffa, R.B. and Connelly, C.D., [D-Met2]-FMRFamide (DMFa): production of naloxone
sensi-tive antinociception in mouse tail-flick test. NIDA Research Monographs 105:391392, 1990.
Raffa, R.B., Friderichs, E., Reimann, W., Shank, R.P., Codd, E.E., Selve, N., Connelly,
C.D., Martinez, R.P. and Vaught, J.L.: Tramadol, an atypical opioid analgesic: opioid and
nonopioid components. NIDA Research Monographs 119:312, 1991.
Stone, D.J., Jr. and Raffa, R.B: Time-course of Gi2 oligodeoxynucleotide antisense antagonism of µ opioid antinociception in mouse tail-immersion test. Analgesia 1:770-773, 1995.
Pergolizzi, J., Böger, R.H., Budd, K., Dahan, A., Erdine, S., Hans, G., Kress, H-G.,
Langford, R., Likar, R., Raffa, R.B., Sacerdote, P.: CONSENSUS STATEMENT: Opioids
and the management of chronic severe pain in the elderly: consensus statement of an
international expert panel with focus on the six clinically most often used World Health
Organization step III opioids (buprenorphine, fentanyl, hydromorphone, methadone, morphine, oxycodone). Pain Practice 8:287–313, 2008.
Abstracts
1.
2.
3.
Raffa, R.B., Porreca, F., Cowan, A. and Tallarida, R.J.: Morphine receptor dissociation
constant (KA) and morphine efficacy determined by the charcoal meal test in rats. Federation Proceedings 40:282, 1981.
Porreca, F., Raffa, R.B., Cowan, A. and Tallarida, R.J.: Ethylketocyclazocine and morphine: a comparison of their efficacies on gastrointestinal transit after central administration to
rats. Federation Proceedings 40: 288, 1981.
Raffa, R.B., Porreca, F., Murray, R., Cowan, A. and Tallarida, R.J.: A comparison of the
stimulus-effect curves of morphine for analgesia and inhibition of gastrointestinal transit in
rats. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 7:50, 1981.
Robert B. Raffa, Ph.D.
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Porreca, F., Raffa, R.B., Sheldon, R., Cowan, A. and Tallarida, R.J.: Pharmacological characteristics of morphine and ethylketocyclazocine for analgesia and inhibition of gastrointestinal transit in rats. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 7:50, 1981.
Raffa, R.B. Porreca, F., Cowan, A. and Tallarida, R.J.: Evidence for the role of conditioning
in the development of tolerance to morphine-induced inhibition of gastrointestinal motility in
rats. Federation Proceedings 41:1317, 1982.
Porreca, F., Cowan, A., Raffa, R.B. and Tallarida, R.J.: Cross-tolerance between morphine
and ethylketocyclazocine using analgesia and gastrointestinal motility as endpoints in rats.
Federation Proceedings 41:1221, 1982.
Aceto, J.F., Raffa, R.B., and Tallarida, R.J.: The effects of Na+ concentration on ultraviolet
light-induced photorelaxation of isolated rabbit thoracic aorta. The Pharmacologist 25:137,
1983.
Raffa, R.B., and Tallarida, R.J.: Drug receptor constants of three alpha-adrenergic agonists
on isolated rabbit aorta using equilibrium pertubation by UV light. Federation Proceedings
42:619, 1983.
Aceto, J.F., Raffa, R.B., and Tallarida, R.J.: Ionic requirements for ultraviolet light induced
photorelaxation in vascular smooth muscle. Federation Proceedings 43:351, 1984.
Raffa, R.B. and Bianchi, C.P.: A model for the antagonism of receptor-activated biological
effects that are mediated by intracellular second messengers. Federation Proceedings 44:
507, 1985.
Aceto, J.F., Kitzen, J., Raffa, R.B., and Tallarida, R.J.: Effect of subchronic treatment with
verapamil on alpha-adrenoceptor mediated contraction of rabbit thoracic aorta. Federation
Proceedings 44:1642, 1985.
Raffa, R.B. and Bianchi, C.P.: FMRFamide enhances acetylcholine action. The Pharmacologist 27:189, 1985.
Aceto, J.F., Raffa, R.B. and Tallarida, R.J.: Effects of Na+ on ultraviolet light-induced photorelaxation and c-GMP levels in rabbit aorta. Federation Proceedings 45:1010, 1986.
Bianchi, C.P., Raffa, R.B., Narayan, S.R. and Pickard, T.M.: Heavy metal ion inhibition of
acetylcholine contracture of molluscan smooth muscle. Federation Proceedings 45:921,
1986.
Tallarida, R.J., Raffa, R.B. and Aceto, J.F.: Receptor down regulation, competitive antagonism and pA2. Federation Proceedings 45:323, 1986.
Zhu, X.Z. and Raffa, R.B.: FMRFamide: low affinity inhibition of opioid binding to rabbit
brain membranes. Federation Proceedings 45:797, 1986.
Raffa, R.B., Heyman, J. and Porreca, F.: FMRFamide: intrathecal administration produces
excessive grooming behavior in mice. Federation Proceedings 45:797, 1986.
Raffa R.B., Scott, R.W., Mathiasen, J.R., Goode, T.L. and Vaught, J.L: Pilocarpine-induced
reciprocal hindlimb scratching in mice. Federation Proceedings 46:549. 1987.
Mathiasen, J.R., Raffa, R.B. and Vaught, J.L.: Differentiation between spinal and supraspinal actions of opioid agonists in vivo utilizing mu-receptor deficient mice. Federation
Proceedings 46:953, 1987.
Vaught, J.L., Mathiasen, J.R. and Raffa, R.B.: Utilization of mu opioid receptor deficient
mice prove delta opioid receptor mediated analgesia: differentiation between spinal and
supraspinal receptor mechanisms. Pain (Supplement) 4:S248, 1987.
Raffa, R.B. Mathiasen, J.R. and Brown, D.Q.: Morphine-, but not enkephalin-, analgesia is
attenuated by prior gamma irradiation. Radiation Society Meeting, Philadelphia, 1988.
Raffa, R.B., Mathiasen, J.R. and Kimball, E.S.: Transfer of defective analgesic response to
morphine by adoptive transfer of spleen cells. The FASEB Journal 2:A1261, 1988.
Raffa, R.B. and Jacoby, H.I.: F-8-F-Amide and A-18-F-Amide, mammalian FaRPs, act like
opioid agonists, not antagonists, in mouse colon. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts
15:663, 1989.
Jacoby, H.I., Bonfilio, A.C. and Raffa, R.B.: Comparison of central (icv) and peripheral (ip)
administration of serotonin agonists on rat gastric emptying. Gastrointestinal Motility 1:52,
1989.
Robert B. Raffa, Ph.D.
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Vaught, J.L., Martin, G.E., Raffa, R.B., Shank, R.P., Dubinsky, B., Bowden, C. and Scott,
M.: The pharmacological profile of RWJ 25730: A potential antipsychotic agent with reduced EPS liability. The FASEB Journal 4 (3):A618, 1990.
Schupsky, J.J., Raffa, R.B., Shank, R.P., Ortegon, M.E. and Vaught, J.L.: Etoperidone,
trazodone and MCPP inhibit 8-OH-DPAT-induced reciprocal forepaw treading in reserpinized rats: Evidence for in vivo serotonin 5-HT-1A antagonistic activity. The FASEB
Journal 4 (3):A618, 1990.
Raffa, R.B. and Connelly, C.D.: [D-Met2]-FMRFamide (DMFa): Production of naloxonesensitive antinociception in mouse tail-flick test. CPDD, Richmond, VA 1990.
Raffa, R.B.: The actions of FMRF-NH2 and FMRF-NH2 related peptides on mammals.
CPDD, Richmond, VA 1990.
Jacoby, H.I., Bonfilio, A.C. and Raffa, R.B.: Effect of central and peripheral administration
of serotonin on rat colonic propulsive motility. American Motility Society 6th Biennial Symposium, October 14-17, 1990.
Vaught, J.L., Connelly, C.D., Martinez, R.P., Codd, E.E., and Raffa, R.B.: Evidence for an
unexpected non-opioid component of tramadol-induced antinociception in vivo. American
Pain Society Meeting, 1990.
Codd, E.E., Shank, R.P., Raffa, R.B. and Vaught, J.L.: Opioid binding potency and inhibition of neurotransmitter uptake by the analgesic tramadol. Society for Neuroscience, 1990.
Vaught, J.L., Codd, E.E., Connelly, C.D., Martinez, R.P. and Raffa, R.B.: Tramadol, an
atypical opioid analgesic: unexpected nonopioid component. The FASEB Journal 5
(4):A473, 1991.
Mattia, A., Vanderah, T., Raffa, R.B., Vaught, J.L. and Porreca, F.: Tramadol produces
antinociception through spinal sites, with minimal tolerance, in mice. The FASEB Journal 5
(4):A473, 1991.
Wild, K.D., Raffa, R.B. and Porreca, F.: Thermodynamic analysis of the interaction of
naloxone with the opioid receptor in mouse isolated vas deferens. The FASEB Journal 5
(4):A***, 1991.
Raffa, R.B., Friderichs, E., Reimann, W., Shank, R.P., Codd, E.E., Selve, N., Connelly, C.
D., Martinez, R.P. and Vaughts, J.L. Tramadol, an atypical opioid analgesic: opioid and
nonopioid components. CPDD, June 16-20, 1991.
Codd, E.E., Raffa, R.B., Shank, R.P. and Vaught, J.L.: Opioid and nonopioid activity of the
analgesic tramadol and its major metabolite mono-O-desmethyl tramadol. FASEB – INRC
Summer Conference, June, 1991.
Raffa, R.B., Jacoby H.I., Connelly, C.D., Martinez, R.P. and Schupsky, J.J.: A novel pain
model: endothelin-induced abdominal constriction. American Pain Society (APS), New
Orleans, November 7-10, 1991.
Raffa, R.B. and Connelly, C.D.: Supraspinal antinociception produced by [D-Met2]-FMRFamide (DMFa) in mice. Society for Neuroscience, New Orleans, November 10-15, 1991.
Shank, R.P., Vaught, J.L., Raffa, R.B. and Maryanoff, B.E.: Investigation of the mechanism of action of topiramate’s anticonvulsant activity. American Epilepsy Society, Philadelphia, December 1991.
Connelly, C.D. and Raffa, R.B.: Tramadol, an atypical opioid analgesic: evidence for a synergistic anti-nociceptive interaction between its enantiomers. Mid-Atlantic Pharmacology
Society, Summit, NJ, May, 1992.
Martinez, R.P. and Raffa, R.B.: Morphine antinociception is mediated through a LiClsensitive, IP3-restorable pathway. Mid-Atlantic Pharmacology Society, Summit, NJ, May,
1992.
Schupsky, J.J., Martinez, R.P. and Raffa, R.B.: Effectiveness of spinal and supraspinal
opioid mu and delta receptor agonists in endothelin-1-induced nociception. Mid-Atlantic
Pharmacology Society, Summit, NJ, May, 1992.
Martinez, R.P., Schupsky, J.J., and Raffa, R.B.: Effectiveness of spinal and supraspinal
opioid mu and delta receptor agonists in endothelin-1-induced nociception. CPDD, Keystone, CO, June 1992.
Robert B. Raffa, Ph.D.
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Raffa, R.B. and Connelly, C.D.: Tramadol, an atypical opioid analgesic: evidence for a
synergistic antinociceptive interaction between its enantiomers. CPDD, Keystone, CO,
June 1992.
Martinez, R.P. and Raffa, R.B.: Differential sensitivity of opioid mu agonists to antagonism
by glibenclamide, a putative blocker of ATP-sensitive potassium channels. INRC, Keystone
CO, June, 1992.
Raffa, R.B., Martinez, R.P. and Porreca, F: Lack of antinociceptive efficacy of intracerebroventricular [D-Ala2,Glu4]deltorphin, but not [D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin, in recombinant inbred CXBK mice. INRC, Keystone, CO, June, 1992.
Raffa, R.B. and Martinez, R.P: Supraspinal morphine antinociception is mediated through a
LiCl-sensitive IP3-restorable pathway in mice. ASPET, Orlando, FL, August, 1992.
Wild, K.D., Connelly, C.D., Martinez, R.P., Raffa, R.B. and Porreca, F.: Magnitude of antinociceptive tolerance to sufentanil and morphine is not related to efficacy following repeated injection in the mouse. American Pain Society (APS), San Diego, October 22-25, 1992.
Renzi, M.J., Codd, E.E., Kimball, E.S., Shank, R.P. and Raffa, R.B: Interleukin-1 enhances
the binding of the delta opioid ligand DPDPE. ASPET, San Francisco, July 30 - August 3,
1993 [The Pharmacologist 35:188, 1993].
Raffa, R.B., Vaught, J.L., Shank, R.P., Codd, E.E., Jacoby, H.I., Friderichs, E., Reimann,
W., Schneider, J. and Selve, N.: Tramadol: contribution of each of its enantiomers to the
antinociception and side effects in mice and rats. CPDD, Toronto, June 12-17, 1993.
Raffa, R.B., Vaught, J.L., Shank, R.P., Codd, E.E., Jacoby, H.I., Friderichs, E., Reimann,
W. and Selve, N.: Tramadol, a centrally-acting analgesic: the contribution of its enantiomers
to antinociception and lowered side effects in mice. IASP, Paris, August 22-27, 1993.
Reimann, W., Friderichs, E., Schneider, J., Selve, N., Vaught, J.L., Shank, R.P., Codd, E.E.
and Raffa, R. B.: Tramadol, a centrally-acting analgesic: the contribution of its enantiomers
to antinociception and side effects in rats. IASP, Paris, August 22-27, 1993.
Connelly, C.D., Martinez, R.P., Schupsky, J.J. and Raffa, R.B.: Etonitazene produces
potent, supraspinally-mediated antinociception in normal and in opioid-µ1 deficient (CXBK)
mice. Society for Neuroscience, Wash-ington D.C., November 7-12, 1993.
Codd, E.E., Raffa, R.B., Schupsky, J.J. and Shank, R.P.: Serotonin and norepinephrine
uptake inhibiting activity of centrally-acting analgesics: structural determinants and role in
antinociception. INRC, N. Falmouth, MA, July 16-21, 1994.
Raffa, R.B. and Schupsky, J.J.: Opioid µ receptor subtypes (possibly µ1 and µ2) revealed
by morphine-induced antinociception vs. endothelin-1 in µ1-deficient recombinant inbred
CXBK mice. INRC, N. Falmouth, MA, July 16-21, 1994.
Wild, K.D., Vanderah, T., Mosberg, H.I., Raffa, R.B. and Porreca, F.: Opioid delta receptor
subtypes mediate antinociception by different mechanisms. INRC, N. Falmouth, MA, July
16-21, 1994.
Raffa, R.B., Martinez, R.P., Connelly, C.D., Sadée, W. and Porreca, F.: Evidence for a
constitutively activated receptor in the development of morphine tolerance in mice. XIIth
Internat’l. Congress of Pharmacol. (IUPHAR), Montreal, July 24-29, 1994 [Canadian
Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 72(suppl. 1):348, 1994].
Codd, E.E., Bennett, D.J., Connelly, C.D., Wild, K.D. and Raffa, R.B.: Relationships among
2-adrenergic compounds in receptor binding, isolated organ and antinociceptive activity.
XIIth Internat’l. Congress of Pharmacology (IUPHAR) Montreal, July 24-29, 1994 [Canadian
Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 72(suppl. 1):344, 1994].
Wild, K.D., Sadée, W., Porreca, F. and Raffa, R.B.: Evidence for a constitutively active mu
receptor in naloxone-induced morphine-withdrawal in guinea-pig ileum. XIIth International
Congress of Pharmacology (IUPHAR), Montreal, July 24-29, 1994 [Canadian Journal of
Physiology and Pharmacology (suppl. 1):353, 1994].
Stone, D.J., Jr. and Raffa, R.B.: Time-course of Gi2 oligodeoxynucleotide antisense antagonism of µ opioid antinociception in mouse tail-immersion test. INRC, St. Andrews, July
9-13, 1995.
Raffa, R.B., Connelly, C.D. and Stone, D.J., Jr.: The effect of G-protein subunit antisense
oligonucleotides on i.c.v. 2-adrenoceptor agonist-induced antinociception in mice. ASPET
Robert B. Raffa, Ph.D.
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Colloquium “Alpha2-adrenergic receptors: structure, function and therapeutic implications”,
Nashville, TN Oct 25-27, 1995.
Wild, K.D., Nortey, S.O., Jr. and Raffa, R.B.: Evidence for multiple functional 2adrenocep-tor subtypes in the mouse isolated vas deferens. ASPET Colloquium “Alpha2adrenergic receptors: structure, function and therapeutic implications”, Nashville, TN Oct
25-27, 1995.
Codd, E.E., Connelly, C.D., Giardino, E.C., Kirifides, A.L., Lewis, M.A., Li, Q.S., Stewart
F.P., Schupsky, J.J. and Raffa, R.B.: Relationships among 2-adrenergic agonists in
recep-tor binding and antinociceptive, cardiovascular and sedative activity. ASPET
Colloquium “Alpha2-adrenergic receptors: structure, function and therapeutic implications”,
Nashville, TN Oct 25-27, 1995.
Rogers, K.E., Erlander, M.E., Wild, K.D., Yagel, S.K., Galindo, J. and Raffa, R.B.: PCR
differential display identifies rat dorsal root ganglia mRNAs which are regulated in a neuropathic pain model. Society for Neuroscience, Washington D.C., November, 1996.
Wu, W-N., McKown, L.A., Takacs, A.R. and Raffa, R.B.: In vitro metabolism of tramadol Noxide in rat hepatic S9 fractions. 6th European ISSX Meeting, Gothenburg, Sweden, June
30 - July 3, 1997.
Wu, W-N., Desai, D., McKown, L.A., Gauthier, A.D., Jones, W.J., Takacs, A.R., Scott, L.,
Sorgi, K.L. and Raffa, R.B.: Metabolism of Ultram® (tramadol) in the dog. 6th European
ISSX Meeting, Gothenburg, Sweden, June 30 - July 3, 1997.
Liu-Chen, L-Y., Li, J-G. and Raffa, R.B. Thermodynamic analysis of ligand binding to the
cloned rat µ opioid receptor. INRC, Hong Kong, Aug 3-8, 1997.
Xin, L., Geller, E.B., Bastepe, M., Raffa, R.B., Mao, G.F., Ashby, B. and Adler, M.W. EP3receptor antisense attenuates fever induced by centrally administered prostaglandin E2
(PGE2). Society for Neurosciences Abstracts 23: 138, 1997.
Li, J-G., Raffa, R.B. and Liu-Chen, L-Y. Thermodynamic analysis of ligand binding to the
cloned rat µ opioid receptor. Society for Neurosciences, New Orleans, Oct 25-30, 1997.
Stone, D.J. Jr., Hipp, S. and Raffa, R.B. Supraspinal ∆9-THC and anandamide antinociception in mice is differentiated by cholra toxin. CPDD (60th) Scottsdale, June 13-18, 1998.
Wild, K.D., Yagel, S.K. and Raffa, R.B. Thermodynamic analysis of the human delta opioid
receptor (h-DOR) expressed in CHO cells. INRC, Garmisch, July 21-25, 1998.
Xin, L., Geller, E.B., Bastepe, M., Raffa, R.B., Mao, G.F., Ashby, B. and Adler, M.W. EP3receptor anti-sense attenuates fever induced by centrally administered interleukin 1ß (IL-1).
Society for Neurosciences Abstracts 24: 2077, 1998.
Raffa, R.B., Stone, D.J. Jr and Tallarida, R.J. Antinociceptive “self-synergy” between spinal
and supraspinal acetaminophen (paracetamol). IXth IASP World Congress on Pain Vienna,
Aug 22-29, 1999.
Connelly, C.D., Carson, J.R., Pitis, P.M., Carmosin, R.J., Reitz, A.B., Raffa, R.B and Codd,
E.E. Antinociceptive profile of RWJ-52807. Society for Neurosciences, Miami Beach, Oct
23-28, 1999.
Tao, Q., Stone, D.J. Jr., Desai, D., Raffa, R.B. and Borenstein, MR. Determination of tramadol levels in rodent brain tissue by gas chromatography with nitrogen phosphorus detection (NPD). AAPS (American Association of Pharmacy Schools), New Orleans, Nov, 1999.
Raffa, R.B. and Tallarida, R.J. Determination of combination therapy synergy in animal
models. APLAR (Asia Pacific League of Associations for Rheumatology), Beijing, May 2126, 2000.
Raffa, R.B. and Tallarida, R.J. Determination of combination therapy synergy in animal
models. EULAR (European Congress of Rheumatology; Nice, June 21-24, 2000) Annals of
Rheumatic Diseases 59(Suppl 1):78, 2000.
Schulingkamp, R. and Raffa, R.B. Increased receptor reserve (‘spare’ -adrenoceptors)
in12-week and 1-year diabetic rats. The FASEB Journal 15: A581, 2001.
Spencer, S.D., Abdul, O. and Raffa, R.B.: Isothermal titration calorimetry: determination of
Kd and thermodynamic parameters of 2'–cytidine monophosphate binding to RNase-A in
the presence of several intracellular ions. MAPS meeting, Philadelphia. The Pharmacologist 43:195, 2001.
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Pitis, P.M., Carson, J.R., Carmosin, R., Raffa, R.B. and Codd, E.E. Non-opioid antinociceptive agents structurally related to tramadol. 223rd American Chemical Society National
Meeting, Orlando, April 7-11, 2002.
Stagliano, G.W. and Raffa, R.B.: Naloxone-reversible opioid withdrawal in Planaria. MAPS
meeting, Wilmington. DE. The Pharmacologist, 44:180, 2002.
Spencer, S.D. and Raffa, R.B.: Application of differential enzyme kinetic analysis to isothermal titration microcalorimetric measurement of a reaction complicated by end-product
inhibition. MAPS meeting, Wilmington. DE. The Pharmacologist, 44;180, 2002.
Umeda, S., Stagliano, G.W. and Raffa, R.B.: -Opioid and cocaine withdrawal is reversed
by D-glucose but not L-glucose. MAPS meeting, Stratford NJ. The Pharmacologist, 45: 135,
2003.
Stagliano, G.W., Umeda, S., and Raffa, R.B.: -Opioid withdrawal in Planaria. MAPS meeting, Stratford, NJ. The Pharmacologist, 45:136, 2003.
Stagliano, G.W., Umeda, S., Tallarida, R.J. and Raffa, R.B.: A method to study poly-drug
withdrawal using Planaria. The Pharmacologist, 46:134, 2004.
Yue, H., Raffa, R.B., Jansen, S.A. and Borenstein, M.R.: Validation and application of a
liquid chromatography–mass spectrometric method for the determination of buprenorphine
and norbuprenorphine in rat plasma and brain tissue by 96-well plate solid phase extraction. Pittsburgh Conference, Orlando, FL, Feb 27 - Mar 4, 2005.
Walker, E.A., Prabandham, A., Raffa, R.B., and Tallarida, R.J.: Dose combinations of naltrexone and 6-naltrexole produce additive antagonism of morphine in the rat warm-water
tail-withdrawal procedure. Society for Neuroscience, Washington DC, Nov 12-16, 2005.
Farrell, M.S., Raffa, R.B. and Walker, E.A.: Behavioral effects of serotonin in Planaria.
Behavioural Pharmacology, 16(suppl 1):S104, 2005.
Raffa, R.B., Stagliano, G.W., Ross, G., Powell, J.A., Phillips, A.G., Ding, Z. and Rawls,
S.M.: Cocaine and amphetamine but not cannabinoid (WIN 52212-2) abstinence-induced
withdrawal/physical-dependence is mediated via a -opioid receptor-like pathway in planarians: ‘pharmacologic congruence’. MAPS, Philadelphia The Pharmacologist, in press 2007.
Roth, C., Raffa, R.B. and Rawls, S.M.; NMDA-like receptor activation and nitric oxide synthesis mediate the development and expression of methamphetamine physical dependence in planarians. MAPS, Philadelphia The Pharmacologist, in press 2007.
Cavallo, F., Capasso, A. and Raffa, R.B.: Flumazinil-sensitive dose-related physical dependence in planarians produced by two benzodiazepine and one non-benzodiazepine
benzodiazepine-receptor agonists. MAPS, Philadelphia The Pharmacologist, in press 2007.
Raffa, R.B. and Ding, Z.: PTX-insensitive Gz transduction pathway contributes to buprenorphine-induced supraspinal, but not spinal, antinociception. MAPS, Philadelphia The Pharmacologist, 2007.
Pergolizzi, J.V. Jr., Pappagallo, M., Gharibo, C., Raffa, R.B.: Preliminary observations of a
novel topical oil with analgesic properties for use in the treatment of acute and chronic pain
syndromes. PAINWeek, Las Vegas, 2009.
Pergolizzi, J.V. Jr., Raffa, R.B. and Gould, E.: Considerations on the use of oxymorphone
in geriatric patients. PAINWeek, Las Vegas, 2009.
Landry, J.A., Tallarida, R.J. and Raffa, R.B.: Adolescent drug use: altered dopamine feedback control. EB-2011 (Experimental Biology), Washington DC, April 9 - 13, 2011.
Professional Meetings
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FASEB
Society of Neuroscience, Philadelphia Chapter Annual Meeting
Mid -Atlantic Pharmacology Society Symposium Peptides as Targets for Drug Research
Princeton Drug Research Symposium New Strategies in Pain Control
American Pain Society 8th Annual Symposium
University of Arizona Symposium Peptides as Neurotransmitters: Issues and Concepts
Society for Neuroscience Annual Meeting
Robert B. Raffa, Ph.D.
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Mid-Atlantic Pharmacology Society Symposium New Approaches to the Treatment of
Mental Illness
VI World Congress on Pain
CPDD Meeting
CPDD Meeting
ASPET
American Pain Society 10th Annual Meeting
Society for Neuroscience Annual Meeting
Mid-Atlantic Pharmacology Society Symposium Growth Factors as Pharmaceuticals
CPDD Meeting
INRC Meeting
CPDD Meeting
VII World Congress on Pain
Mid-Atlantic Pharmacology Society Symposium Nitric Oxide
Mid-Atlantic Pharmacology Society Symposium Epilepsy: Recent Pharmacologic
Advances and Future Directions
Pharmacology of Adrenoceptors (King of Prussia, PA)
INRC Meeting
XII International Congress of Pharmacology (IUPHAR) (Toronto)
CPDD Meeting (Phoenix)
INRC Meeting (St. Andrews)
ASPET Colloquium (Nashville): Alpha2-adrenergic receptors: structure, function and
therapeutic implications,
Mid-Atlantic Pharmacology Society Symposium Modern Computational Approaches to
Drug Design.
INRC Meeting (Long Beach, CA)
VIIIth IASP World Congress on Pain (Vancouver)
Mid-Atlantic Pharmacology Society Symposium
CPDD Meeting (Nashville)
IBC Conference: Novel Targets for The Treatment of Pain (Washington D.C.)
Mid-Atlantic Pharmacology Society Symposium Regulation of Transcription
INRC Meeting (Garmisch, Germany)
American Society of Healthcare Pharmacists (Las Vegas)
APhA Meeting (San Antonio)
IXth IASP World Congress on Pain (Vienna)
IASP satellite symposium: Pharmacological treatment of ongoing and stimulus-evoked
neuropathic pain (Como, Italy)
APLAR Asia Pacific League of Associations for Rheumatology (Beijing, May 21-26) Sept
25-28)
Isothermal Titration Microcalorimetry: Satellite symposium of the International Peptide
Society (Philadelphia, July 26-28)
Mid-Atlantic Pharmacology Society, Philadelphia, PA
Mid-Atlantic Pharmacology Society, Wilmington, DE
Mid-Atlantic Pharmacology Society, Stratford, NJ
Mid-Atlantic Pharmacology Society, Collegeville, PA
Mid-Atlantic Pharmacology Society, Philadelphia, PA
Pennsylvania Pharmacists Association, Valley Forge, PA
Mid-Atlantic Pharmacology Society, Valley Forge, PA
Mid-Atlantic Pharmacology Society, Philadelphia, PA
Mid-Atlantic Pharmacology Society, Collegeville, PA
Mid-Atlantic Pharmacology Society, Philadelphia, PA
PAINWeek, Las Vegas, NV
Mid-Atlantic Pharmacology Society, Philadelphia, PA
PAINWeek, Las Vegas, NV
Robert B. Raffa, Ph.D.
Scientific Advisory Board History
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Pain Therapeutics
Scientific Consulting History
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Adolor
Alteon
Ampio
Asta Medica
Discovery Research Consultants
Endo
Galleon
Grünenthal
Johnson & Johnson
LaboPharm
LAPID
Novartis
Onconova
Pfizer
Purdue Pharma
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