Name one characteristic that ALL cells have. cell membrane
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Cell organelles October 10, 2013 Name one characteristic that ALL cells have. cell membrane cytoplasm cytoskeleton ribosomes DNA AutoSave 1 Cell organelles October 10, 2013 Organelles of a Eukaryotic Cell Cell membrane Description Phospholipid bilayer Function Regulates what enters and leaves the cell • Membrane proteins-transport, reception, marking Animal, Plant, Both? Both--Animal & Plant Cell Part Cell wall Description Rigid layer that lies outside the cell membrane, contains cellulose Function Provides structure to the cell, pores regulate what can enter and leave the cell Animal, Plant, Both? Plant Cell Part Chloroplast Description Double membrane bound organelle that has its own DNA Contains chlorophyll and other pigments Function Uses light energy to make carbohydrates from CO 2 and water photosynthesis Animal, Plant, Both? Plant Cell Part Cilia Description Short hair-like structures that stick out of the cell Function movement of cell or movement of substances past the cell (ex. to sweep mucus and other things out of the lungs) Animal, Plant, Both? Animal (some) AutoSave 2 Cell organelles October 10, 2013 Ribosomes Description make proteins, some are on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and others are in the cytoplasm Ribosomes are made of protein and RNA Animal, Plant, Both? Both Cytoplasm Description Everything inside the cell except the nucleus Function Contains all of the organelles and cytoskeleton, provides space for organelles to be housed Animal, Plant, Both? Both--Animal & Plant Endoplasmic Reticulum Description System of membranous tubes Rough ER are covered with ribosomes Smooth ER lacks ribosomes Function Intracellular highway Rough ER-produces phospholipids and proteins, protein enters ER membrane and pinches off (makes a vesicle)Vesicle – membrane sac that carries stuff out of cell Smooth ER - builds lipids in heart and skeletal muscles releases Ca in liver and kidney cells breaks down toxins Animal, Plant, Both? Both--Animal & Plant Flagellum Description Long thread like structures that protrude out of the cell Function Movement Animal, Plant, Both? Animal and some prokaryotic cells Lysosome Description Vesicle bud from the golgi apparatus that contains digestive enzymes Function -Enzymes break down large molecules -in liver it breaks down glycogen to release glucose into the blood stream -in white blood cells it digests bacteria -autophagy-digest worn out organelles in the cell -autolysis-self destruct, digestion of a cell by its own lysosome of damaged or extra cells Animal, Plant, Both? Both AutoSave 3 Cell organelles October 10, 2013 Nucleus/Nuclear Envelope Description envelope--double membrane with pores that surrounds the nucleus Function houses and protects cell's genetic information (DNA) place where DNA is transcribed into RNA Nuclear Pores – channels in nuclear envelope, carry stuff in and out of nucleus Animal, Plant, Both? Both--Animal & Plant Nucleolus Description dense area within the nucleus Function produces ribosomes Animal, Plant, Both? Both--Animal & Plant Peroxisome Description small vesicles with enzymes Function in liver and kidney cells neutralize free radicals and detoxify alcohol produce hydrogen peroxide Animal, Plant, Both? Both--Animal & Plant Central Vacuole Description large, fluid filled reservoir Function stores water & few enzymes when full, can make up 90% of cell's volume Animal, Plant, Both? Plant AutoSave 4 Cell organelles October 10, 2013 Centrioles Description two short cylinders of microtubules Function important for cell division Animal, Plant, Both? Animal Golgi Apparatus Description flattened, membranous sacs Function receive newly made proteins or lipids; modify and tag molecules before released Animal, Plant, Both? Both--Animal & Plant AutoSave 5 Cell organelles October 10, 2013 Cell Part Mitochondria Description has both an inner and outer membrane; inner membrane with many folds Function transfer energy from organic molecules to ATP to power the cell's chemical reactions & activities Animal, Plant, Both? Both--Animal & Plant AutoSave 6 Cell organelles AutoSave October 10, 2013 7 Cell organelles AutoSave October 10, 2013 8 Cell organelles AutoSave October 10, 2013 9 Cell organelles AutoSave October 10, 2013 10 Cell organelles October 10, 2013 Prokaryotic Cell AutoSave 11 Cell organelles October 10, 2013 1. Which organelles are only found in plant cells? 2. Which organelles are only found in animal cells? 3. Which organelles contain DNA? 4. Which organelles produce protein filled vesicles? 5. What organelle would you find in greater number in liver and kidney cells because it helps detoxify poisons? 6. What organelle would you find in greater number in muscle cells because they provide energy to the cell? 7. What are the functions of the lysosome? AutoSave 12 Cell organelles October 10, 2013 1. Which organelles are only found in plant cells? Cell Wall, Chloroplast, Central Vacuole 2. Which organelles are only found in animal cells? Cilia, Flagella, Centrioles, lysosome 3. Which organelles contain DNA? Nucleus, Mitochondria, Chloroplast 4. Which organelles produce protein filled vesicles? rough ER, golgi body 5. What organelle would you find in greater number in liver and kidney cells because it helps detoxify poisons? Smooth ER 6. What organelle would you find in greater number in muscle cells because they provide energy to the cell? Mitochondria 7. What are the functions of the lysosome? autophagy-"eat" old worn out organelles digest large molecules (carbohydrates, proteins...) break down glycogen (in liver cells) digest bacteria (in white blood cells) autolysis-self destruct AutoSave 13 Cell organelles October 10, 2013 Howmightthefollowingorganelleswork togethertoprovidethelifefunctionsofthecell? ER and cell membrane ER and ribosomes nucleus and ribosomes ER and Golgi Bodies Whatisthepathwaythatproteins takeastheyareproducedinthecell? Iftheproteinisthebeusedwithinthecell? Iftheproteinistobeexportedoutofthecell? AutoSave 14 Cell organelles AutoSave October 10, 2013 15
