Grammar-Files-B2-64-pages_grammar_d.qxd 12/1/2010 12:53 PM Page 1
CEF
Level B2
Grammar-Files-B2-64-pages_grammar_d.qxd 12/1/2010 12:53 PM Page 2
Grammar Files
CEF Level B2
Published by GLOBAL ELT LTD
www.globalelt.co.uk
email: orders@globalelt.co.uk
Copyright © GLOBAL ELT LTD
The right of Lawrence Mamas & Andrew Betsis to be identified as the authors
of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patent Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any
form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission in
writing of the Publisher. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to
criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages.
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
2
Components:
l Grammar Files - Level B2 - Teacher's Book - ISBN: 978-1-904663-54-6
l Grammar Files - Level B2 - Student's Book - ISBN: 978-1-904663-53-9
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CONTENTS
Unit 1
Page 4
Unit 2
Page 8
Unit 3
Page 12
Unit 4
Page 16
Unit 5
Page 20
Unit 6
Page 24
Unit 7
Page 28
Unit 8
Page 32
Unit 9
Page 36
Unit 10
Page 40
Unit 11
Page 44
Unit 12
Page 48
Unit 13
Page 52
Unit 14
Page 56
Unit 15
Page 60
3
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Unit 1
Who? / What? / Which?
Fill in the gaps with who, which, what.
Ask questions with:
Who
about a person
Which (+of)
about a person or thing
What
about things, actions, ideas, opinions,
jobs, etc
1
Who
__________________
would you like to speak to?
2
__________________
department do you want, sir?
Which
3
__________________
do you mean?
What
Use who and what when there is a limitless number
of people or things to choose from.
Who's your sister?
What's your favourite radio station?
4
__________________
student answered the question?
Which
5
__________________
DVD did you buy?
Which
Use which when there is a limited choice.
Which (of the girls in the picture) is your sister?
6
Who
__________________
has been invited to the party?
Note: Which and what, but NOT who, may be used
before nouns.
Which car is yours?
What colour is it?
Who came? but not Who girl came?
7
__________________
does he do?
What
8
‘I got a letter from Brian today.'
who
‘Brian __________________?'
Uncountable nouns
i a. They may refer to liquids (oil), things we eat (sugar),
abstract ideas (news, information), natural materials
(gold, cotton).
b. Some common uncountable nouns do not come under
the categories above: furniture, money, hair, luggage
ii. They have only one form and cannot normally be used
with the indefinite article a / an or with numbers.
iii. They may come after words like the, some, any, no,
much, this/that, little, my/your.
There's not much bread left.
I have little information to give to you, I'm afraid.
iv. When they become the subject of the verb, the verb is
in the singular.
The furniture we bought was rather expensive.
v. Some nouns may be either countable or uncountable
depending on the meaning:
I've bought a paper (=newspaper). but
There is some paper on my desk(=to write on).
vi. Another way to show quantity with uncountable nouns
is to use words that describe them as units such as piece,
bit, bar, glass, tin, packet, loaf, sheet together with of.
Ten sheets of paper.
A useful piece of advice.
4
Use the prompts to make sentences, changing the verb form where necessary.
1
he / give / me / very / useful / advice.
________________________________________________
He gave me some very useful advice.
2
news / be / really / worrying.
________________________________________________
This / The news is really worrying.
3
you / have / luggage?
________________________________________________
Do you have any luggage?/Have you got
4
there / be / fruit / but / there / be / no / vegetables.
________________________________________________
There
is some fruit but there aren't any
any luggage?
vegetables.
5
money / be / in / the / drawer.
________________________________________________
The money is in the drawer.
6
not / forget / to buy / two / soap.
________________________________________________
Don't forget to buy two bars of soap.
7
there / be / egg / on / my dress.
________________________________________________
There is (some) egg on my dress.
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Unit 1
Present Continuous vs. Present Simple
Use the Present Continuous (I am doing) for:
1
a. an activity that is in progress now,
You can't speak to John. He's having a bath.
Decide whether the underlined verbs are right or
wrong. Correct the mistakes.
Although he is a chemist, he works as a waiter at
the moment.
_________________________________________
Correction: he is working
b. temporary states,
I'm living with my brother until I find a place
of my own.
2
I'm afraid the hotels are costing too much and we
can't afford it.
_________________________________________
Correction: the hotels cost
c. habits which are considered annoying,
together with always, forever, constantly.
You're always coming home late.
3
'Where is John?' 'I think he is talking to Susan on
the phone.'
_________________________________________
Correct
Use the Present Simple (I do) for:
a. a habitual or repeated action,
She goes to school every day.
4
Are you ever visiting your brother in Australia?
_________________________________________
Correction:
Do you ever visit
b. facts or permanent states.
Water boils at 100o C.
She lives in Paris.
5
Do you often have coffee in the morning?
_________________________________________
Correct
do, does and did
do, does and did are used:
i. as AUXILIARY VERBS:
a. to form questions and negative statements
in the Simple Present and Simple Past,
Doesn't/Does she like ice-cream?
Her parents didn't allow her to go to the
dance.
b. to form the negative imperative,
Don't switch the TV off yet.
c. to add emphasis,
He does know her quite well.
d. to avoid repeating a main verb.
I thought they would come, but they didn't.
ii. as MAIN VERBS meaning:
a. to carry out an action which is not specified
or not yet known,
What shall I do?
They aren't doing anything at the moment.
b. to perform a task or activity. In this case do is
followed by the + noun / the + ing,
You do the windows. I'll do the washing up.
c. to work at,
He has done all kinds of jobs in his life.
d. to study for.
He did his MA at London University.
Rearrange the words to make full sentences.
Indicate whether do is used as an auxiliary (Aux) or
main verb (MV).
why / your / exam results / do / about / lie / to / always /
me / you?
____________________________________________
Why
do you always lie to me about your exam results? (AUX)
1
2
don't / dusting / mind / I / doing / you / if / do / the /
hoovering / the.
____________________________________________
I don't mind doing the dusting/hoovering if you do
the hoovering/dusting. (AUX -MV)
3
tell / you / you / but / did / do / I / not / remember.
____________________________________________
I did tell you but you do not remember. (AUX)
4
school / at / did / history / he.
____________________________________________
He did history at school. (MV)
5
panic/ not / do.
sure / can / you / do / I / manage / am / to / it.
Do
not panic. I am sure you can manage to do it.
____________________________________________
(AUX-MV)
6
afternoon / what / this / doing / you / are?
____________________________________________
What are you doing this afternoon? (MV)
7
do / boyfriend / I / not / my / enjoys / but / abroad / travelling.
____________________________________________
My boyfriend enjoys travelling abroad but I do not. (AUX)
5
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Unit 1
Exercise
1
For questions 1 -9, read the text below and look carefully at each line. Some of the lines are correct, and some have a word which should not
be there. If a line is correct, put a tick (3) by the number. If a line has a word that should not be there, write the word next to the number.
Film Review - JUNIOR
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
is
Arnold Schwarzenegger makes fun of his tough-guy image by is playing
the world's first pregnant man. Yes, folks - Arnold pregnant. Arnold wear in wear
a pink dress. Arnold with women's problems. Oh boy! Now what, depending what
much
on your point of view, this is either very upsetting or really much funny.
they
Devoted fans of Arnold's action days they are likely to be disappointed with
will
‘Junior'. But if you enjoyed his first two comedies, this one shouldn't will
3
come as too much of a surprise. Directed by Ivan Reitman, this is a light,
be
silly comedy, though be worth watching and reasonably entertaining. Maybe
to
even funny, if after ‘Mrs Doubtfire' you can to still laugh at a man in
women's clothing.
Exercise
2
For questions 10 - 17, use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits in the space in the same line.
GADGET MANIA
unusual
Collecting gadgets doesn't seem to be a(n) (10) ............................
thing. There
household
probably isn't a (11) ............................ in the land that hasn't got a drawer filled
assortment of small devices ranging from egg separators to new and
with an (12) ........................
effective
(13) ............................ mousetraps. Gadgets promise short cuts, ease, efficiency
freedom
. Although they are probably the inevitable by-products
and (14) ............................
industrial
of the (15) ............................ revolution, they also represent little in terms of
technological progress. When people stop using old-fashioned utensils,
(16) ............................
addiction
begins.
gadget (17) ............................
6
USUAL
HOUSE
ASSORT
EFFECT
FREE
INDUSTRY
TECHNOLOGY
ADDICT
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Unit 1
Exercise
3
For questions 18 - 27, read the text below and think of the word which fits each space. Use only one word in each space.
WITH A LITTLE BIT OF HELP
is
The ozone layer (18) ..........................
becoming thinner all over the world. 70% of Antarctica's ozone blanket has
This
means that people, plants and animals are in more danger of suffering
already disappeared. (19) ..........................
to
from
(20) .......................... skin cancers and diseases. Who is (21) ..........................
blame? Who is slowly destroying our
only protection against the sun's dangerous ultraviolet rays? We are.
by
man-made chemicals like CFCs, which
The destruction of the ozone layer is mostly caused (22) ..........................
turn/switch
are used as coolants in refrigerators and air-conditioning systems or in sprays. Every time you (23) ..........................
doing
on an air-conditioning system manufactured with CFCs, you are (24) ..........................
something to destroy the
ozone layer. Every time you spray styling foam on your hair, you are making the ozone layer a
little
(25) ..........................
bit thinner.
In
a
But there is a bright side to this. Many chemical companies are producing less CFCs. (26) ..........................
few years' time, the amount of CFCs in the atmosphere will have started to drop, and if countries cooperate fully
by not manufacturing more CFCs, the ozone layer will have fully recovered by the year 2050.
being manufactured without CFCs, which
In some European countries, 'green' refrigerators are (27) ..........................
have already replaced 50% of the market.
Exercise
4
For questions 28 - 32, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given.
Do not change the word given.
28 Mr Smith is free at the moment. Would you like to speak to him?
doing anything at the moment.. Would you like to speak to him?
Mr Smith isn't
............................................................
29 Just add a pinch of salt to the soup.
add a little salt
Just ............................................................
to the soup.
30 My father cooks dinner every Friday evening.
does the cooking
My father ............................................................
every Friday evening.
31 I'm having difficulty choosing between the red dress and the black dress.
which dress to choose
I don't know ............................................................
: the red one or the black one.
32 After having her hair dyed a few times, she noticed that she had less hair than before.
After having her hair dyed a few times, she noticed that she didn't
have as much hair as (she did) before.
............................................................
doing
little
does
which
much
7