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Systematic Anatomy
(For international students)
Department of Anatomy,Fudan University
Teaching contents
Female genital system
Dr.Hongqi Zhang (张红旗)
Email: zhanghq58@126.com
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Female genital
(reproductive) system
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Constitution
Internal genital organs
(in the body)
External genital organs
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Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University
Female genital system
Internal genital organs
1-Ovaries
2-Uterine (Fallopian) tube
3-Uterus（womb）
4-Vagina
External genital organs
Mons pubis
The greater lip of pudendum
The lesser lip of pudendum
The clitoris
The vestibular glands
2
3
1
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4
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Functions for female genital system
Produce ova & secrete sex hormones
Receive the semen during copulation
Provide sites for fertilization,embryonic
and fetal development
Facilitate parturition (delivery of the baby)
Provide nourishment for the baby through
the mammary glands during lactation
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Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University
Internal genital organs
1-Ovaries
2-Uterine tube
3-Uterus (womb)
4-Vagina
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Internal genital system - ovary
Position
bladder
Ovary
Sagittal position
lies in the ovarian fossa (in the
uterus
angle between the int. & ext.iliac
vessels on the lateral pelvic wall.)
Function
rectum
Sup.view of the pelvic
Produce gametes or ova.
Secret sex hormone.
Estrogens and progesterone
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An ovoid organ
Two poles
Sup.& Inf.poles
Two borders
Ant. border
Mesovarian border
Two surfaces
Med.surfaces
Lat. surfaces
Hilum of ovary
Post.border
－free border
Ovary
Young girl – smooth surface
Following puberty-irrigular surface
After Copy
menopause
-atrophied
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Ovary
Support of the ovary
1 - Proper lig. of ovary
2 - Suspensory lig.of ovary
Produce ova
Secret female hormone
(Estrogen & progesterone)
1
Usually one ovum each month
During the special time,two or more ova
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2
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ovulation
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Internal genital system
Uterine tube
General features
 A thin long muscular tube
 Paired,10cm long,0.7cm in diameter
 Located in the upper margin of the broad lig.of uterus.
 Function:convey the ova from the ovary to the cavity of
the uterus
 Two orifices - Uterine orifice & abdominal orifice
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Summary of the uterine tube-four portions
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Uterine tube-four portions
 Uterine part - narrowest part, pierces uterine wall &
opens into cavity of uterus,about 1 cm long
 Isthmus - straight & narrow portion,thick walls,the place
for tubal ligation(family planning)
 Ampulla - relatively wide,tortuous,2/3 long,thin walls;
fertilization place
 Infundibulum - lateral end - fimbriae,ovarian fimbria
Fallopian pregnancy;oviductal pregnancy
Birth control
Family planning
Ligating operation of uterine tube
( double tubes are cut )
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Internal genital system - Uterus
Palace of the fetus
Cradle of the life
Hometown of menopause
Mother is proud of her uterus
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Uterus
General features - hollow,thick-walled,muscular organ.
inverted pear-shaped,the shape change during pregnancy
Position – situated in the center of pelvic cavity between
the urinary bladder and rectum in the pelvic cavity
Ant.view
Sagittal plane
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Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University
Round lig.
of uterus
Board lig.
of uterus
Bladder Uterus Vesicouterine
pouch
Uterine
tube
Ovary
Left
colon
Sacrouterine
lig.
Right
colon
Rectum
Rectouterine
pouch
Superior view of female pelvic cavity
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Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University
Uterus
Three parts
1-Fundus - dome-shaped portion sup.to the entrance
of the uterine
2-Body - the enlarge main portion (between fundus & neck)
3-Neck - the inf. constricted portion opening into the vagina
1
2
3
Coronal sectioin
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Uterus
Two part of the neck of the uterus
Vaginal parts of cervix
Supravaginal parts of cervix
Isthmus of uterus
short constricted part,transition between the body & the neck
of uterus,taken up by body of uterus during pregnancy, thus
“lower uterine segment” when pregnant,7-9cm long
isthmus
Abdominal delivery
Cesarean - C-section
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Uterus- Structure of uterine wall
Three layers from outer to inner
Perimetrium-outermost
Myometrium-middle layer
Endometrium- inner layers
Myometrium-three layers
Longitudinal layer
Circular layer
Spiral layer
1-Vesicouterine pouch
2- Rectouterine pouch
1
Endometrium-two layers
Superficial-Functional layer
Deep - Basal layer
Sagittal
section of the University
pelvics
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2
Uterus
Interior cavity
 Cavity of uterus - the cavity of body of uterus,is triangular in
coronal section
 Canal of cervix of uterus - the cavity of the neck,is spindleshaped,opens into the vagina at the orifice of uterus
 Carcinoma of the cervix of the uterine - predilection site
Contraceptive ring
Cavity of uterus
Clinic note
Uterectomy
Canal of cervix of uterus
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Position of the uterus
 In the center of the pelvic
cavity,between bladder &
rectum usually it is
anteversion & anteflexion
(changes)
 Anteversion
Axis of uterus at 90o with that
of vagina
 Anteflexion
Axis of body of uterus is bent
forward with that of the cervix
forming an angle of about
170o (body of uterus is bent
slightly forward at isthmus)
Anteversion
Anteflexion
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Structure to support the uterus
Pelvic diaphragm
Surrounding organs
Vagina & bladder
Ligaments (four pairs)
Broad lig.of uterus
Round lig.of uterus
Cardinal lig.of uterus
Uterosacral lig. of uterus
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Structure to support the uterus
Broad lig.of uterus-Double peritoneum folds extend from pelvic walls & floor
to the lateral walls of the uterus Prevent the lateral migration of the uterus
 1-Mesosalpinx for the uterine tubes
 2-Mesometrium for the ovary
 3-Mesovarium
1
2
Uterine a.
Ureter.
3
Structure to support the uterus
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1-Round lig.of uterus
maintain antevertion of uterus
2-Cardinal lig.of uterus
maintain lateral stability to cervical region
1
2
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A-Uterosacral lig of uterus-maintain body
in anteverted position.
A
bladder
uterus
Rectum
Pelvic viscera –sup.view
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Vagina
 Flattened fibromuscular tube,
about 8～9cm long
 Extends upward & backward
from vestibule to uterus
 Fornix of vagina (puncture)
Formed between cervix & walls of
vagina
Post.fornix deepest and larger
than either ant. or lat. fornix, &
related to the rectouterine
pouch
vaginal orifice
Accessory gland
 Great vestibular glands
(bartholin gland)
On either side of vaginal orifice
Open into vestibule at orifice of
vagina
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External genital organs (vulva)
Mons pubis
Clitoris
Ext. urethral orifice
Greater lips of
pudendum
Lesser lips of
pudendum
Vaginal vestibule
Vaginal orifice
anus
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Bulb of vestibule
They are correspond with cavernous body of urethra in male
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Fetus abnormal
无脑儿
anencephaly
copula linguae
联体畸形
Baby with
double heads
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Twin
Spinal cleft
Anencephaly
and umblical
cord
Blood
circulation
of fetus
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Appendix:mammary or mamma
Located in the breasts
Mamma-special sweat gland (subcutaneous belongings)
Secret milk to associate with infant development & growth
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Structure of the mamma
Cooper lig.
15-20
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Breast carcinoma
Danger
area
Breast carcinoma
Breast carcinoma
Healthy mamma
3 developed mamma
When suffered from cancer,the skin is
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with
orange coat
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Breast cancer - predilection site
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The
of the mammary
of differentUniversity
spices
Cattle
Cat
Pig
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Goat
Sheep
Human
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Elephant
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Mouse
of Anatomy-Fudan University
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Masterpiece
of great
heavens University
“Double mamma stone”situated in
Danxia Mountain of Guangdong
province (30m in height).
“Yin Yuan Cave”situated in
Danxia Mountain of
Shaoguan,Guangdong province
“Xian nu xian hua”situated in Longhu
(10.3m in height.4.8
in width
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University
Mountain
of Jiangxi
province .
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Appendix:
perineum
In the narrow sense of the perineum
it includes all structures of the soft tissue between anus and
external genital organs
In the broad sense of the perineum
it is a diamond - shaped region positioned inf.to the pelvic floor
between the thighs
Boundary
division of the perineum(Female)
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Perineum
1-Urogenital triangle (urogenital region)
2-Anal triangle (anal region)
Urogenital triangle
urethra
anus
anal triangle
Boundary and division of the perineum (Male)
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Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University
Chapter 10 peritoneum
General discription
lines the wall of abdominal & pelvic cavities
Covers the abdominal & pelvic viscera
Serous membrane
Parietal peritoneum-lined the wall of
abdominal and pelvic cavity
Visceral peritoneum-lined the surface of viscera
Peritoneal cavity:male-closed,female -open
Serous fluid-lubricating
The subphrenic peritoneum has greater
absorptive capacity
Than other portion of the peritoneum
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Relationship between abdominopelvic
viscera and peritoneum
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Relationship between abdominopelvic
viscera and peritoneum
According to the variable extent of peritoneal investment,
the abdominopelviec viscera is devided into three kinds.
Intraperitoneal organs
almost completely surrounded with peritoneum.
Stomach,jejunum,appendix transverse colon etc
Interperitoneal organs
covered by peritoneum on their three aspects
Liver,urinary bladder,uterus,ascending colon,etc
Retroperitoneal organs
only the anterior part of organs is covered by the
Peritoneum.Kidney,suprarenal gland,pancrease etc
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Structures formed by peritoneum
Parietal & visceral peritoneum are continuous with each
other.
They can reflect from the wall to organ or from one organ
to another organ.
These reflections may form many structures (lig.omentum.
Folds,mensentery,pouch etc.)
They hold organs in position & convey n.a.v.& L to viscera.
Mensentery - Are peritoneal folds that attach viscera to the
post.abdominal wall.
Omentum - a double-layered extension or fold that connects
the greater curvature or lesser curvature of the stomach.
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Liver
Lesser omentum
Stomach
Transverse omentum
Transverse colon
Mesentery
Greater omentum
Pariatal peritoneum
Small intestine
Abdominal cavity
Uterus
Visceral peritoneum
Rectum
Bladder
Sagittal section of female peritoneal cavity
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Liver
Gall
bladder.
Lesser
omentum
Hepatogastric lig.
Hepatoduodenal lig.
Stomach
Greater omentum
Small
Intestine
Urinary
bladder
The diagram of lesser and greater omentum
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Peritoneal cavity.
Omental bursa.
Lesser omentum
Gastrosplenic lig.
Omental foramen.
Stomach
Liver
Spleen
Kidney
Splenorenal lig.
Inf.vena cava
Pancrease
Horizental section of upper part of abdominal cavity
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Root of transverse
mesocolon
Pancrease
Ascending colon
Radix of mesentery
Right mesentery sinus
Descending colon
Left mesentery sinus
Right paracolic sulcus
Left paracolic sulcus
Rectum
Uterus
Mesoappendex
Bladder
Root of sigmoid mesentery
Ant. view of posterior abdominal wall (some organs
removed totally or partially
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Omental bursa and omental foramen
Omental bursa=lesser peritoneal cavity
Proper hepatic artery
Common bile duct
Hepatic portal vein
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Lat.umblical fold.
Medial.
umblical fold Median.umblical fold.
Inferior epigastric a.
Lat.inguinal fossa.
bladder
Med.umblical lig.
Med.inguinal fossa.
Dectus deferens.
Supravesicle fossa.
Internal surface of lower part of anterolateral
abdominal wall
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Bladder
Deep ring of
inguinal canal
Ductus deferens
Testicular a.
Testicular v.
Cecum
Pariatal peritoneum
Visceral peritoneum
bladder
Left colon
Aorta
Rectum
Rectouterine pouch
Superior view of male pelvic cavity
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Board lig.
of uterus
Round lig.
of uterus
Bladder
Uterus
Vesicouterine
pouch
Uterine
tube
Ovary
Left
colon
Sacrouterine lig.
Right
colon
Rectum
Rectouterine
pouch
Superior view of female pelvic cavity
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See you next time!
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The contents you have to master today
1. The constitution and function of female genital system.
2. The position,shape and function of the ovary.
3. The shape,division and ligation place of uterine tube.
4. The shape,position,division,cavity of uterus.
5. The structures to supporting and fix the uterus.
6. The position,shape and function of vagina.
7. The position,shape and structures of mammary.
8. The concept of perineum.
9. The relationship between peritoneum and vesera
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