MUSCLES OF THE ARM
ANTERIOR ARM MUSCLES:
1) BICEPS BRACHII - LONG AND SHORT
HEADS
2) BRACHIALIS
3) BRACHIORADIALIS
BICEPS BRACHII
TWO HEADS - LONG
AND SHORT, TWO
DIFFERENT ORIGINS,
COMMON INSERTION
LONG HEAD IS
LATERAL
FLEXES FOREARM
PRIMARY SUPINATOR
AGAINST RESISTANCE
BICIPITAL
APONEUROSIS
BRACHIALIS
FLATTENED MUSCLE
DEEP TO BICEPS
BRACHII
LOOK FOR ITS
ORIGIN AT THE
INSERTION OF THE
DELTOID
PRIMARILY
RESPONSIBLE FOR
MAINTAINING
FLEXION
BRACHIORADIALIS
MAY BE
CONSIDERED PART
OF THE POSTERIOR
FOREARM MUSCLES
(MOST OF WHICH
ACT ON THE WRIST)
FLEXOR OF THE
FOREARM!
USED FOR QUICK
FLEXION OF THE
FOREARM
THE MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR
COMPARTMENT OF THE ARM
THE FLEXORS OF THE FOREARM
INNERVATED BY THE
MUSCULOCUTANEOUS NERVE*
*EXCEPTION IS THE BRACHIORADIALIS,
INNERVATED BY THE RADIAL NERVE
POSTERIOR MUSCLES OF THE ARM
1) TRICEPS BRACHII - LONG HEAD
LATERAL HEAD
MEDIAL HEAD
TRICEPS BRACHII
3 HEADS LONG,
LATERAL, MEDIAL
LONG HEAD CROSSES
SHOULDER JOINT
MEDIAL HEAD DEEP TO
LONG AND LATERAL
HEADS
PRIMARY EXTENSOR
OF THE FOREARM
LONG HEAD ALSO
ADDUCTS ARM
TRIANGULAR SPACE: TERES
MINOR,TERES MAJOR, LONG
HEAD - CIRCUMFLEX
SCAPULAR ARTERY
QUADRANGULAR SPACE:
TERES MINOR, TERES
MAJOR, LONG HEAD AND
LATERAL HEAD - AXILLARY
NERVE
TRIANGUALR INTERVAL:
TERES MAJOR, LONG AND
LATERAL HEADS OF
TRICEPS BRACHII - RADIAL
NERVE
QS
TS
TI
THE MUSCLES OF THE POSTERIOR
COMPARTMENT OF THE ARM
THE EXTENSORS OF THE FOREARM
INNERVATED BY THE RADIAL NERVE
INNERVATION?
MUSCULOCUTANEOUS
NERVE
TRICEPS
BRACHII
BICEPS BRACHII
INNERVATION?
RADIAL NERVE
BRACHIORADIALIS
BRACHIALIS
MUSCLES OF THE
FOREARM - ANTERIOR
COMPARTMENT
THE FOREARM EXTENDS FROM THE
ELBOW TO THE WRIST
BONES OF THE FOREARM:
RADIUS AND ULNA
HELD TOGETHER BY THE INTEROSSEOUS
MEMBRANE WHICH SERVES FOR AN
ATTACHMENT SITE FOR MANY MUSCLES
2 COMPARTMENTS:
FLEXORS AND PRONATORS - ANTERIOR
COMPARTMENT (MEDIAN AND ULNAR
NERVES)
EXTENSORS AND SUPINATORS POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT (RADIAL
NERVE)
MANY OF THE MUSCLES OF THE
FOREARM ORIGINATE FROM THE
HUMERUS ALLOWS BULK OF MUSCLE TO BE
LOCATED PROXIMALLY IN THE
FOREARM, THEREFORE THE WRIST AND
HAND ARE LESS BULKY
THIS ARRANGEMENT CAUSES MOST OF
THESE MUSCLES TO HAVE LONG STRINGY
TENDONS INTO THE WRIST AND HAND
20 MUSCLES IN THE FOREARM, LOOK
VERY SIMILAR
MOST ARE NAMED FOR THEIR ACTION
AND LOCATION
ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT - FLEXORS AND
PRONATORS SEPARATED INTO SUPERFICIAL
AND DEEP GROUPS
5 - SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES:
PRONATOR TERES
FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS
PALMARIS LONGUS
FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS
FLEXOR DIGITORUM SUPERFICIALIS
ALL ATTACH TO THE COMMON FLEXOR TENDON
- MEDIAL EPICONDYLE OF THE HUMERUS
PRONATOR TERES
CUBITAL
FOSSA
TERES- ROUND,
TUBULAR SHAPED
MUSCLE
EXTENDS FROM
COMMON FLEXOR
TENDON HALF WAY
DOWN THE RADIUS
MOST LATERAL OF
THE SUPERFICIAL
FLEXORS
FLEXOR CARPI
RADIALIS
ACTING WITH
OTHER FLEXORS
HELPS TO FLEX
THE WRIST
ACTING ALONE OR
WITH EXTENSOR
WILL ABDUCT THE
WRIST
AT THE WRIST
RADIAL ARTERY
JUST LATERAL TO
TENDON
NOTE FLEXOR
RETINACULUM
RADIAL
ARTERY
PALMARIS LONGUS
ABSENT IN ABOUT 15%
OF PEOPLE
ORIGINATES WITH
OTHER FLEXORS MEDIAL EPICONDYLE
INSERTS VIA THE
PALMAR APONEUROSIS
LIES SUPERFICIAL TO
LARGE MUSCLE,
FLEXOR DIGITORUM
SUPERFICIALIS
FLEXOR CARPI
ULNARIS
MOST MEDIAL OF THE
SUPERFICIAL
FLEXORS
FLEX THE WRIST
WHEN ACTING WITH
OTHER FLEXORS,
ADDUCT THE WRIST
WHEN ACTING WITH
EXTENSORS
*INNERVATED BY THE
ULNAR NERVE
ULNAR NERVE AND
ARTERY LIE LATERAL
TO TENDON
ULNAR
NERVE
FLEXOR DIGITORUM
SUPERFICIALIS
AT THE WRIST DIVIDES
INTO 4 TENDONS TO
EACH FINGER
TENDONS SPLIT AS THEY
INSERT INTO THE MIDDLE
PHALANX - ALLOWS THE
TENDONS OF THE
FLEXOR DIGITORUM
PROFUNDUS TO PASS
THROUGH
INNERVATED BY THE
MEDIAN NERVE - LIES
DEEP TO THE MUSCLE
3 DEEP MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR
FOREARM
FLEXOR POLLICIS LONGUS
FLEXOR DIGITORUM PROFUNDUS
PRONATOR QUADRATUS
THESE MUSCLES DO NOT ORIGINATE
FROM THE COMMON FLEXOR TENDON THEREFORE DO NOT CROSS THE
ELBOW JOINT - DO NOT ASSIST IN
FLEXION OF THE ELBOW JOINT
FLEXOR POLLICIS
LONGUS
(POLLEX = THUMB)
DEEP IN THE FOREARM
LIES ALONG THE RADIUS
FLEXES DISTAL PHALANX
OF THUMB
FLEXOR DIGITORUM
PROFUNDUS
LARGE MUSCLE LOCATED
MEDIAL TO THE FLEXOR
POLLICIS LONGUS
DIVIDES INTO 4 TENDONS TO
EACH OF THE FINGERS
(DIGITS) THESE TENDONS
PASS THROUGH THE SPLIT
IN THE TENDONS OF THE
FLEXOR DIGITORUM
SUPERFICIALIS TO REACH
THE DISTAL PHALANX
1/2 ULNAR NERVE
1/2 MEDIAN NERVE
TENDON OF FDS
TENDON
OF FDP
PRONATOR
QUADRATUS
SQUARE-SHAPED
MUSCLE LOCATED
JUST ABOVE THE
WRIST
PRIMARY PRONATOR,
INITIATES PRONATION
ASSISTED BY
PRONATOR TERES FOR
MORE SPEED AND
POWER
PAY SPECIAL ATTENTION TO THE
INNERVATION OF THE ANTERIOR
MUSCLES OF THE FOREARM
ALL BUT 11/2 MUSCLES ARE
INNERVATED BY THE MEDIAN NERVE
THE FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS AND THE
MEDIAL HALF OF THE FLEXOR
DIGITORUM PROFUNDUS ARE
INNERVATED BY THE ULNAR NERVE
FLEXOR RETINACULUM
CARPAL TUNNEL - PASSAGE FORMED BY THE
CARPAL BONES AND THE FLEXOR
RETINACULUM
ALL LONG FLEXOR TENDONS TO THE DIGITS
AND THUMB, THE TENDON OF THE FLEXOR
CARPI RADIALIS AND THE MEDIAN NERVE PASS
THROUGH THIS TUNNEL
FLEXOR
RETINACULUM
MEDIAN
NERVE
ULNAR
NERVE
FLEXOR POLLICIS
LONGUS
FLEXOR
DIGITORUM
SUPERFICIALIS
AND PROFUNDUS
FLEXOR
CARPI
RADIALIS
CARPAL TUNNEL
MUSCLES OF THE FOREARM POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT
MUSCLES OF THE POSTERIOR FOREARM
EXTENSORS AND SUPINATORS OF THE
WRIST AND HAND
ALL ARE INNERVATED BY THE RADIAL
NERVE
DIVIDED INTO:
SUPERFICIAL GROUP OF 6 MUSCLES
DEEP GROUP OF 4 MUSCLES
ORIGINATE FROM THE LATERAL
EPICONDYLE OF HUMERUS
EXTENSOR RETINACULUM - WILL
HOLD THE EXTENSOR TENDONS IN
PLACE
EXTENSOR EXPANSION HOOD ATTACHES THE TENDONS TO THE
PHALANGES ON THE POSTERIOR
SIDE OF THE FINGERS
6 SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES:
EXTENSOR CARPI ULNARIS
EXTENSOR DIGITI MINIMI
EXTENSOR DIGITORUM
EXTENSOR CARPI RADIALIS BREVIS
EXTENSOR CARPI RADIALIS LONGUS
BRACHIORADIALIS (FLEXOR OF THE
FOREARM)
EXTENSOR CARPI
RADIALIS LONGUS
DISTAL HALF OF
FOREARM COVERED
BY 3 MUSCLES
GOING TO THE
THUMB
INSERTS INTO BASE
OF THE 2ND
METACARPAL
EXTENSOR CARPI
RADIALIS BREVIS
SLIGHTLY SHORTER
THAN THE
EXTENSOR CARPI
RADIALIS LONGUS,
INSERTS ON 3RD
METACARPAL
LIES DEEP TO THE
LONG MUSCLE
EXTENDS AND
ABDUCTS THE
WRIST
EXTENSOR
DIGITORUM
(NO SUPERFICAL OR
DEEP ON THE
POSTERIOR SIDE)
MAIN EXTENSOR OF
THE FINGERS
INSERTS INTO A TENT
OF CONNECTIVE
TISSUE ON THE
DORSUM OF THE
FINGERS - THE
EXTENSOR
EXPANSION HOOD
EXTENSOR DIGITI
MINIMI
PARTIALLY
ATTACHED TO THE
EXTENSOR
DIGITORUM
THIN SLIP OF
MUSCLE
INSERTS INTO THE
LITTLE FINGER
EXTENSOR CARPI
ULNARIS
LOCATED ALONG
THE MEDIAL
BORDER OF THE
FOREARM
EXTENDS AND
ADDUCTS THE
WRIST
4 DEEP MUSCLES OF THE POSTERIOR
FOREARM:
ABDUCTOR POLLICIS LONGUS
EXTENSOR POLLICIS BREVIS
EXTENSOR POLLICIS LONGUS
EXTENSOR INDICIS
“ANATOMICAL SNUFFBOX”
- DEPRESSION ON THE
DORSO-LATERAL SIDE OF
THE HAND
BOUNDARIES:
TENDONS OF THE:
EXTENSOR POLLICIS
LONGUS
EXTENSOR POLLICIS
BREVIS
ABDUCTOR POLLICIS
LONGUS
IMPORTANT TO
PALPATE (FEEL) THE
RADIAL ARTERY AND
THE SCAPHOID BONE
ANATOMICAL
SNUFFBOX
ABDUCTOR POLLICIS
LONGUS
ORIGINATES DEEP TO THE
SUPERFICIAL EXTENSORS
CROSSES THE TENDONS
OF THE EXTENSOR CARPI
RADIALIS LONGUS AND
BREVIS
MOST LATERAL TENDON
OF THE “SNUFF BOX”
ABDUCTS AND EXTENDS
THE THUMB
EXTENSOR POLLICIS
BREVIS AND
LONGUS
EXIT FROM UNDER
THE SUPERFICIAL
MUSCLES AND
CROSS OVER THE
EXTENSOR CARPI
RADIALIS MUSCLES
BREVIS CLOSELY
ASSOCIATED WITH
THE ABDUCTOR
POLLICIS LONGUS
LONGUS HOOKS
AROUND A
TUBERCLE ON
DORSUM OF RADIUS
EXTENSOR INDICIS
DEEPLY PLACED
MUSCLE COVERED BY
THE EXTENSOR
DIGITORUM
TENDON INSERTS
INTO THE INDEX
FINGER
ONE OF THE 4 DEEP
MUSCLES EXITING
LATERALLY
MOVEMENTS OF THE THUMB:
FLEXION - BENDING THUMB MEDIALLY
EXTENSION - POINTING THUMB LATERALLY
(IN THE FRONTAL PLANE)
ABDUCTION - POINT ANTERIORLY (IN THE
SAGGITAL PLANE)
ADDUCTION - BRING IT BACK POSTERIORLY
EPICONDYLITIS OR ELBOW TENDINITIS
LATERAL EPICONDYLITIS (TENNIS ELBOW) INFLAMMATION OF THE COMMON EXTENSOR
TENDON ON THE LATERAL EPICONDYLE OF THE
HUMERUS; SMALL AREA OF ORIGIN, MANY
MUSCLE CREATE A HIGH LOAD PER UNIT AREA
MEDIAL EPICONDYLITIS (THROWER’S ELBOW,
GOLFER’S ELBOW, LITTLE LEAGUE ELBOW) INFLAMMATION OF THE COMMON FLEXOR
TENDON ON THE MEDIAL EPICONDYLE OF THE
HUMERUS