Notes - Properties of Water
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Approximately _____________ of Earth is covered in water
97% of water is in the ______________________
Oceans vs. Seas
o Seas are __________________________________ of water and partially surrounded by _____________
o Oceans are ___________________________ of salt water connected to each other
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Salinity
o Amount of _____________________________ in water
o Volcanic activity, _____________________weathering and
reactions
o Measures in _______________________________ (g/1000)
o Seawater has an average salinity of 3.5%(35 ppm) – range
______________________
 Halite (_________________ and chloride) = 85%
 _____________________ elements (phosphorus, gold)
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Salinity
o Factors that affect salinity:
 Evaporation vs. _____________________________
 More precipitation than evaporation = ________salinity
o Currents
o ___________________________________
o Run off/melting
Location/type
Salinity
Normal open
ocean
33-38‰
Baltic Sea
Red Sea
10‰ (brackish)
42‰ (hypersaline)
Great Salt
Lake
280‰
Dead Sea
330‰
Tap water
0.8‰ or less
Premium
bottled water
0.3‰
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Dissolved gasses
o Interactions with ____________________________, photosynthesis and ________________________ of
marine organisms
o ______________________________________
o Dissolve more easily in ______________________ water
o Oceans are a major ____________________________________________
 May store carbon for _______________________________ of years
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Temperature
o Depth and ________________________
o Vertical movement of water ________________ warm and cold
water
o More solar energy reaches _______________________ than deep
water
o Polar waters = _____________________________
o Pack ice = _______________________________
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Thermocline
o ___________________________ surface water ‘sits’ on top of _________________ deep water - Density
o Layer of significant ___________________ in temperature
o Higher salinity = _________________________density
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Temperature
o Colder temperature = ____________________________________
o More dense water ________________
o Create currents
 _______________________________ and downwelling
 ____________________________conveyor belt
Thermohaline circulation
o Temperature + ______________________________
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Light
o Water absorbs wavelengths of light at ________________
o ________________is reflected the longest
o Red is __________________ first
Light penetrates ____________________ in open
ocean
Less ____________________________ in water