Turkish Verbs
Modification
Meaning
Negative
Passive
Causative
Reflexive
Mutual action
görmek
görüşmek
görüşülmek
görüştürmek
görüştürülmek
Suffix
Use
-meFor general tense only, add -mez
-nStems ending in vowels
-ilStems ending in consonants other than l
-inStems ending in l
-dirMost verbs
-tStems ending in a vowel
-itStems ending in ş or ç
-in... to yourself
-iş... to each other
to see
giymek
to see one another or to converse
giyinmek
to be conversed about
giyindirmek
to make to converse with one another
giyindirilmek
to be made to converse with one another
giyindirildirmek
to
to
to
to
to
wear clothes
dress oneself
dress someone else
be dressed by someone else
be forced to be dressed by someone else
Conjugation
1. Drop -mek from the infinitive to get the stem.
2. Modify for meaning, as above
3. Select the tense and
Tense
Present
General (Aorist)
Future
miş-past
di-past
Necessity
Conditional
Subjunctive
append something:
Append
Meaning
-(i)yor
Actions happening right now – I am writing (now).
-(i)rThings generally true – I am a writer.
-(y)ecekActions that will happen
-mişPresent state caused by past action,
or things the speaker is reporting without having seen.
-diBoth simple past – did – and past perfect – have done
-meliActions that must, or should, be taken
-seIf .... (with non-simple moods, expresses
unfulfilled conditions, hopeless wishes of the past, etc.)
-eNo statement of fact, things that might happen or have happened
(with non-simple moods, expresses unfulfillable past wishes,
or quotes of those expressions)
4. Select the mood and append something:
Mood
Append
Simple
Past
-idiConditional
-isePast conditional
-idi- + -isiInferential
-imişInferential conditional
-imiş- + -ise-
Conjugation pattern
I (mostly)
II
II
II
I
II
5. Apply the appropriate conjugation ending:
-im
-iz
Type I
-sin
-siniz
Type II
-(dir)
-(dir)ler
-m
-n
-
-k
-niz
-ler
Type III
-eyim
-eyin
-e
-elim
-esiniz
-eler
6. Entire pattern:
Present
General (aorist)
Future
miş-past
di-past
Necessity
Conditional
Subjunctive
Participles
Present
Aorist
Future
miş-past
di-past
To be
idim
idin
idi
Simple
-(i)yor + I
-ir + I
-ecek + I
-miş + I
-di + II
-meli + I
-se + I
-e + III
-(i)yordi
-irdi
-ecekti
-mişti
-diydi
-meliydi
-seydi
-edi
Past
+ II
+ II
+ II
+ II
+ II
+ II
+ II
+ II
Conditional
-(i)yorse + II
-irse + II
-ecekse + II
-mişse + II
-diyse + II
—–
—–
—–
-en
gören = seeing (right now)
-ir
görür = seeing (in general)
-ecek
görecek which-will-be-seen
-miş
görmüş = seen
-dik
görülmedik = extraordinary (unseen)
– past pos
To be
– past neg
idik
değildim
değildik
idiniz
değildin
değildiniz
idiler
değildi
değildiler
1
Past conditional
-(i)yordise + II
-irdise + II
-ecektiyse + II
-miş idiyse + II
-di idiyse + II
—–
—–
—–
Imperative
—
-[y]in
-sin
Inferential
-(i)yormiş + I
-irmiş + I
-ecekmiş + I
-miş imiş + I
—–
-meliymiş + I
-seymiş + I
-eymiş + I
—
-[y]iniz
-sinler
Ability (to be able to ...)
Append this to the stem:
-[y]ebilmek
with bilmek conjugated some way
Inferential conditional
-(i)yormişse + II
-irmişse + II
-ecekmişse + II
-miş imişse + II
—–
—–
—–
—–