Draguesku/Storino
Classification 0213
* TAXONOMY--the branch of science that classifies
and names living things.
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Draguesku/Storino
Classification 0213
The grouping of things according
to SIMILAR properties or
characteristics
Another way of saying classification (paraphrase)
 Sort
 Categorize
 Put in order
 Group ..
Do we classify
things??
Yes everyday we classify
things.
Can you think of anything
that you classify???
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Draguesku/Storino
Classification 0213
Taxonomy: (Greek: Taxos=to
arrange)
 A system of classifying and
naming organisms
 The science of classification
 Taxonomist
Who started
classification??
CAROLUS LINNAEUS


1707
Father of Modern Taxonomy
Carolus Linnaeus was ….
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Draguesku/Storino
Classification 0213
A naturalist who began the idea
that all living things should be
classified into categories depending
on their STRUCTURE
Carolus Linnaeus developed a way of
sorting and classifying things by
inventing the Dichotomous Key
DICHOTOMOUS KEY:
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A series of paired statements that
describe the physical characteristics of
different organisms
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Draguesku/Storino
Classification 0213
Dichotomous keys that are based on
evolutionary changes are called
CLADOGRAMS
You mean I can identify
this insect?? How??
Make a
Dichotomous
Key!!
How to make a dichotomous key
1.
Ask YES or NO questions
2.
Start with the characteristic
that is most common
3.
Continue asking questions,
looking at One characteristic at
a time.
4.
Each questions should make
the groups smaller with each
question
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OUR CLASS KEY
Draguesku/Storino
Classification 0213
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Draguesku/Storino
Classification 0213
We have a problem with the
dichotomous keys. From the
example can you tell what the
problem was???
Listen to the example and write what the
problem is here:
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Draguesku/Storino
Classification 0213
We have to find a
COMMON way to
name things
Hey, what about
using the language
of science???
LATIN!!! That
will work
Carolus Linnaeus developed a way
of naming organisms using
LATIN!
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Draguesku/Storino
Classification 0213
Genus + species
Always lower case!
Genus= the First name
species = the last name
EX: Lepomis machrochirus
Blue gill (common
name) IL. State fish
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Draguesku/Storino
Classification 0213
4 ways of saying the same thing:
Ways of
naming
organisms
1.
2.
3.
4.
Genus + species
Scientific name
2 part Latin name
Binomial nomenclature
The largest group has only SOME
things in common.
Organisms have more
characteristics in common as the
groups get SMALLER
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Draguesku/Storino
Classification 0213
Carolus Linnaeus developed
SCIENTIFIC CLASSIFICATION
Mnemonic
Kingdom
King
Phylum
Phillip’s
Class
Class
Order
Ordered
Family
Five
Genus
Giant
species
sandwiches
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Draguesku/Storino
Classification 0213
Species: a group of organisms
that are able to interbreed and
produce off spring
Classification of Humans:
Kingdom
Animalia (animal)
Phylum
Chordata (chordate)
has a cord
Class
Mamalia (mammals)
Order
Primate (means 1st)
Family
Hominidae (means
human)
Genus
Homo (means: all the
same)
species
sapien (wise &
intelligent)
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Draguesku/Storino
Classification 0213
Our Scientific name: Homo sapien=
thinking man
Life was divided into Kingdoms:
1700’s: Plant and Animal Kingdoms
1800’s: Protista; Plant; Animal
1950’s: Monera; Protista; Plant; Animal
Fungi Plant
1990’s:
Eubacteria
Archebacteria
Fungi Plant
Animal
protista
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Draguesku/Storino
Classification 0213
1. PlantaePlants
 includes grass, trees, etc.
 Multicellular
2. AnimaliaAnimal
 Includes insects etc
 Multicellular
3. ProtistaProtist
 Mostly unicellular
 Microscopic
 Has a DEFINITE NUCLEUS
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Draguesku/Storino
Classification 0213
NEW From splitting
kingdom Monera
4. Monera
Moneran
 Mostly unicellular
 Microscopic
 NO DEFINITE NUCLEUS
5. Fungi
 No chlorophyll
 Most multicellular
 Mushrooms, yeast etc.
6. Eubacteria (monera)
7. Archebacteria
 Extreme bacteria (in heat
vents on ocean floor etc.)
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Draguesku/Storino
Classification 0213
 Group that is larger than a kingdom
1. Domain Bacteria:
 Prokaryotes (no nucleus)
 Unicellular
 Thick rigid cell walls with
Peptidoglycan
 Kingdom Eubacteria
2. Domain Archaea:
 Unicellular
 Prokaryotic
 Live in the extremes
 Volcanic hot
springs
 Brine pools
 Black organic
mud
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Draguesku/Storino
Classification 0213
3. Domain Eukarya
 All have a nucleus
 Includes :
Kingdom
Way of getting
food
Protista
Heterotroph,&
Autotroph
Heterotroph
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
Autotroph
Heterotroph
 Kingdoms can be classified by
their way of getting food (mode
of nutrition)
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Draguesku/Storino
Classification 0213
Autotroph: (producer) Obtain energy
by making their own food:
Photosynthesis
Heterotroph: (consumer) Organism
cannot make its own food
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Draguesku/Storino
Classification 0213
dog
wolf
How many characteristics do
humans and dogs share?
How many characteristics do the
wolf and dog share?
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