Basic Anatomy
Neck Regions
Thymus gland – T cells, a form of white blood cell used to fight disease,
mature in the thymus gland
Larynx – Produces sound and protects the trachea
Thyroid gland – secretes hormones that travel in the blood and act upon
other body cells to regulate the rate of metabolism.
Thoracic and Abdominal Cavity
Important Structures in the Thoracic Cavity
Heart
Lungs (You should really know what these do)
For more information, refer to pages 71 and 72 in your lab manual.
Important Structures in the Abdominal Cavity
Liver – It is the largest organ in the abdomen and performs the following
functions a) disposes of worn out blood cells b) produces bile c) stores
glycogen d) maintains blood glucose level e) produces blood proteins
Stomach – stores food and secretes gastric juices which digest proteins
Small intestine – absorbs products of digestion and digests all components of
food
Large intestine – absorbs water and prepares feces for defecation
Gallbladder – stores and releases bile
Pancreas – produces digestive juices that break down food in the small
intestine, secretes insulin and glucagon, which regulate blood glucose levels
Spleen – purifies blood
For more information, refer to pages 73 and 74 in your lab manual.
Review of Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary, Reproductive and Cardiovascular
systems
Respiratory System
Path of air:
Nasal passages pharynx glottis larynx trachea.
Glottis – space between vocal cords
Epiglottis – protects entrance to glottis
Larynx – voice box
Trachea – takes air to lungs
Digestive System
Small intestine
Path of food:
mouth esophagus stomach duodenum jejunum ileum Large intestine
cecum colon rectum anus.
Cardiovascular System
Path of blood through the heart – vena cava right atrium AV valve right ventricle semilunar valve pulmonary artery lungs pulmonary
vein left atrium AV valve left ventricle semilunar valve aorta
Urinary System
Structures of the Urinary System
Kidneys – produce urine
Ureters – transport urine to the urinary bladder
Urinary bladder – stores urine
Urethra – transports urine out of the body
For more information, refer to pages 118 and 119 in your lab manual.
Reproductive System
Male Reproductive Structures
Testes – produce sperm and sex hormones
Epididymis – stores maturing sperm
Vas deferens – conducts and stores sperm
Seminal vesicle – contributes fluid to semen
Prostate gland – contributes secretions to semen
Urethra – conducts sperm
Bulbourethral glands – contributes mucoid fluid to semen
Penis – organ of copulation
Female Reproductive Structures
Ovary – produces egg and sex hormones
Oviduct – conducts egg towards uterus
Uterus – houses developing fetus
Vagina – birth canal
Comparison of Male and Female Reproductive Structures
Male
Gonad
Testes
Duct from gonad
Vas Deferens
Structure connected to gonad by duct
Urethra
Copulatory organ
Penis
Female
Ovaries
Oviduct
Uterus
Vagina
For more information, refer to pages 121 – 130 in your lab manual.
Human Anatomy
Be able to relate the location of organs within the rat to the location
of the same organs within a human. Refer to models in the lab, pictures in
your lab manual (p.64) and the above information.