WELCOME!
Summary seminar on LTE-Assisted WiFi Direct
22nd August 2014
Dr. Jiří Hošek, Brno University of Technology
Introduction
Brno, Czech Republic
•Brno University of Technology
•Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication
•Department of Telecommunications
Unique R&D fellowship
•INTEL Labs, US
•Tampere University of Technology (TUT), Finland
•Brno University of Technology (BUT), Czech Republic
Agile, time-critical and industrially-oriented research
•5G technologies and services
•Internet of everything
•Improved user experience
Agenda
3
14:00 – 14:10
Welcome, introduction, and agenda of the
seminar
14:10 – 14:20
Network-assisted D2D technology: project
overview and our mission
14:20 – 14:30
An update on Proximity Services (ProSe) in
3GPP standardization
14:30 – 14:40
Technical capabilities of a unique 3GPP LTE-A
deployment in Brno
14:40 – 15:00
On technical implementation of the LTEAssisted WiFi Direct trial
15:00 – 15:15
Showcasing network-assisted D2D technology:
demonstration & questions
15:15 – 15:30
Practical benefits of LTE-assisted WiFi Direct
and associated challenges
15:30 – 15:45
Novel D2D-based service & application
opportunities and market enablers
15:45 – 16:00
Summary of the seminar, conclusions, and
feedback
19:00
Social event: dinner at Havana restaurant
Network-assisted D2D technology
Project overview and our mission
Dr. Sergey Andreev: W.I.N.T.E.R. Group, TUT
Network Assistance at a Glance
Applications of proximate connectivity
• Local voice service (offloading calls between
proximate users)
• Context-aware applications
 Unprecedented operator and end • Multimedia content sharing
user benefits by enabling a new
• Group multicast
generation of proximity services • Public safety
 Automated, continuous, and
• Gaming
efficient assistance with secure
discovery of devices & services
 Improved device-to-device (D2D)
connection establishment, battery
efficiency, and service continuity
Our Integrated Approach to Studying D2D
Network is accurately modeled
with our advanced SLS tool
3GPP LTE may assist its clients in content/service
discovery as well as in connection establishment
• Client searches for the desired content/services
• Network tells it when a suitable peer is in proximity
6
Understanding D2D Performance Limits
We investigate LTE-assisted WiFi D2D offloading
• System-level simulations and analysis
• Performance requirements and benefits
• Advanced network-assistance features
• 3GPP LTE-assisted WiFi-Direct demo
Considerable quality of service
improvement for mobile clients
(e.g., session acceptance probability)
Significant
boost in cell
throughput
7
Network-Assisted Offloading Architecture
This 3GPP-compliant
technology builds on our
rigorous research, MWC-2014
demo, and is ratified in 3GPP
LTE Release-12
Devices receive help from the
network during device discovery
and D2D connection
establishment
Secure D2D connectivity
between stranger users!
8
The Mission of “The Brno Trial”
We have completed a full-scale trial to understand the practical benefits of
assisted WiFi-Direct technology and discuss market opportunities that it offers…
Does LTE-Assisted WiFi Direct has the potential to offload licensed bands
and enrich applications and services in current mobile ecosystem?
In this seminar, we encourage partners to discuss the future opportunities
offered by proximity-based services and to find the way to go forward!
1. S. Andreev, et al., Cellular Traffic Offloading onto Network-Assisted Device-to-Device Connections, IEEE Communications Magazine, April, 2014
2. S. Andreev, et al., Analyzing Assisted Offloading of Cellular User Sessions onto D2D Links in Unlicensed Bands, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in
Communications, September, 2014
3. A. Pyattaev, et al., Network-Assisted D2D Over WiFi Direct, in Smart Device to Smart Device Communication, Springer, 2014
4. A. Pyattaev, et al., Network-Assisted D2D Communications: Implementing a Technology Prototype for Cellular Traffic Offloading, IEEE WCNC, 2014
5. A. Pyattaev, et al., Proximity-Based Data Offloading via Network Assisted Device-to-Device Communications, IEEE VTC-Spring, 2013
6. A. Pyattaev, et al., 3GPP LTE Traffic Offloading onto WiFi Direct, IEEE WCNC, 2013
9
LTE-Assisted WiFi Direct trial
Experimental communication system at Brno University of Technology
Assoc. Prof. Vít Novotný, BUT
History of System
•
•
In 2008 Sensor, Information and Communication Systems (SIX)
project was started at FEEC BUT (15 mil USD budget) – the main
goal was to equip laboratories for high level research
S5/S8
S-GW
S7
PDN-GW
PCRF/PDF
S1-U
Rx/Gq
S11
S1-MME
eNodeB
X2
S1-U
the SIX Research Center was established in 2010,
S1-MME
P-CSCF
Rx
S2/SGi
Mw
MME
I-CSCF
S6a
Cx
Mw
Cx
•
in 2012 the manager and the development plan of the Laboratory of
Converged Network technologies was relooked and the idea of
complex wireless communication system was proposed,
eNodeB
HSS/Auc
Sh
AS
S-CSCF
Internet
Mm
ISC
•
change plan was worked out, application was passed and approved by MSMT of CR,
•
tender was worked out – three proposals offering two technologies (Huawei and Ericsson) were received –
Huawei solution was selected,
•
system deployment began in August 2013,
•
system is in the phase of almost full operation with a correction of minor problems
Mw
Mission
The main objectives:
• Ownership of unique, latest and complex communication system – unified mobile,
wireless and fixed telecommunication network infrastructure that would enable:
• getting valuable experience from working with the latest technology,
• having full control of the system,
• learn how to troubleshoot problems in a complex telecommunication network.
• Research in the area of:
• design, testing and analysis of new communication protocols,
• design, testing and analysis of new communication services,
• communication system planning and performance optimization.
Mission – cont.
• Establishment of cooperation with other research organizations and with
industry
• new service and equipment testing in our experimental network,
• interfacing with other telecommunication systems and solutions,
• public network performance assessment – KPI design, measurement and
calculation, evaluation,
• public network diagnostics, troubleshooting and optimization,
• development of new telecommunication services, etc.
VUT Brno
Separate address
space WiFi-IP4
LTE/WiFi-EPC-IMS
(Huawei solution)
LTE
WiFi
C
IP
700 MHz
LTE
700 MHz
1800 MHz
LTE
RRU
RRU
2600 MHz
BBU
RRU
BBU
IMS
(CSCFs + RCS)
SeGW
X2
Access
transport
network
MME
Separate
address space
CN-IP2
HSS
Core transport
network
BBU
700 MHz
RRU
Overall architecture of
LTE/WiFi – EPC – IMS
experimental network at
Brno University of Technology
Home
eNB
Separate
address space
RAN-IP1
RRU
LTE
Separate address
space – IMS-IP5
700 MHz
BBU
Separate UE
e
address spac
UE-IP3
S/P-GW
O&M
Application
servers
L3
Switch
Internet
Public address
space - VUT
147.229.x.y
Router /
VPN /
NAT
LTE Cell Map
WiFi Cell Map
Complementary Equipment
• Rohde & Schwarz ROMES4 traffic
analyzer + TMSW spectrum analyzer,
• EXFO Powerhawk Pro + TravelHawk +
M5 protocol analyzer, User Plane Deep
Packet Inspection,
• L2 - L7 load generators for
performance & stress testing,
• Set of multi-technology and multi-band
terminals – smart phones, notebooks,
tablets and USB sticks for all
generations of mobile networks.
LTE/WiFi-EPC-IMS
Technical capabilities of a unique 3GPP LTE-A deployment in Brno
Assoc. Prof. Vít Novotný, BUT
Huawei Architecture
Service
O&M
CTAS
RCSe Server (MMTel AS/SCC AS/IP-SM-GW/EATF)
RCSe
ATS9900
IMS Core
Provisioning
GW
SPG2800
ENUM /DNS
ENS
I/SCSCF/MRFC/ECSCF
CSC3300
MRFP
MRP6600
SBC
(P-CSCF/A-SBC/I-SBC
SE2600
IMS-HSS
HSS9820
EPC
MME
IP Network
S/P-GW
LTE
eNB
LTE data-card
+ soft client
eNB
LTE Handset
(immature)
PC Client
SIP Phone
eUTRAN
Heterogeneous Radio Access Network:
• LTE Advanced (Release 10) cells
• 3x 700 MHz (Band 17 – AT&T) 5 MHz FDD, 2x2 MIMO
• 1x 1800 MHz – Outdoor coverage
• 1x 2600 MHz – Indoor unit, 2x2 MIMO
• WiFi:
• 3 APs in 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz ISM bands
eNodeB
BaseBand Unit
eNodeB – Remote Radio Units
Evolved Packet Core
• Unified Gateway (UGW) includes:
• PDN GW,
• Serving GW,
• MME,
• HSS,
• Fully redundant 10 Gbps
links,
• Interface mirroring for
probe based analysis.
IP Multimedia Subsystem
• Release 10,
Service
O&M
CTAS
RCSe Server (MMTel AS/SCC AS/IP-SM-GW/EATF)
RCSe
ATS9900
• IMS core + RCS,
• 100k active users,
• Enables VoLTE,
IMS Core
Provisioning
GW
SPG2800
• Public Safety Answering Point,
• Additional HSS,
ENUM /DNS
ENS
IMS-HSS
HSS9820
• Full redundancy.
I/SCSCF/MRFC/ECSCF
CSC3300
MRFP
MRP6600
SBC
(P-CSCF/A-SBC/I-SBC
SE2600
EPC
MME
S/P-GW
IP Network
Installation Process
LTE/WiFi – EPC – IMS
experimental network at Brno
University of Technology
Technology Installation
Technology Installation – cont.
SGi – internet
interface, EXFO
analyzer and test
servers for
network
performance
evaluation
Implementation details
Network-assisted offloading to WiFi Direct
Dr. Alexander Pyattaev, TUT
Mikhail Gerasimenko, TUT
Introduction to Our 5G Vision
• “True” 5G vision:
• Optimal resource usage on all levels
• 1000x capacity
• Application and QoS-aware link planning
• Multi-RAT capabilities:
• Most suitable radio for each link
• Seamless integration of WLAN and cellular
• Multi-tier capabilities:
• Increased capacity of 3GPP networks
• Phantom cell concepts
• COMP, eICIC….
HetNet: Current Status
• ANDSF function:
• UE decisions are always suboptimal
• TCP flow switching is very tricky
• Does not happen properly with mobile IP
• Usage of multiple paths is not supported
• Only works with multipath TCP
• UEs typically lack software
• Servers lack software
• Hard to enable multiple radios in UEs
• Phantom cells are still just a concept
• Femtocells are expected to “just work”
• Interference cancellation is very difficult
Flow Manipulation for RAN-Assisted 5G HetNets
• Do we need a circuit-switched network?
• Where each service/application uses its own
personal circuit (flow)…
• …and each circuit is routed independently…
• …keeping the packet in order, and jitter low?
• Application-coordinated flow switching
• Context-based and location-based
• Working QoS support
• RAN-assisted flow control
• Simplified access through non-3GPP networks
• Dynamic switching in real-time
Flow Switching Architecture Example
• Open-Flow based “layer 2.9”
switching implements a
working integrated cell
• One IP for both RATs
• Instant, network-controlled
switching
• Load balancing between RATs
• Prototype created and tested
in TUT on Sailfish platform
• The final prototype implies
integration with real EPC
and a real femtocell
D2D offload – a Subcase of Flow Switching
• D2D is just like HetNet
• A flow from A to B via C is switched to A - B
• That sounds easy enough...
• In practice, D2D faces 3 challenges:
• Lack of application support (even for P2P)
• Aggressive firewalling in operator networks
• Lack of efficient discovery mechanisms
• Application-coordinated flow switching is necessary
• QoS support
• Smart RAT selection
• Same as for HetNets!
D2D Flow Switching in Plain IP
• Set up the D2D radio link
• e.g., over WiFi Direct
• Enable IP forwarding in the UE
• Make a virtual loopback interface (like in routers)
• Make the applications bind to that interface
• Add a route to the target virtual interface over WiFi
• This switches the flow between 2 devices to D2D link
• The Internet connectivity is unaffected
• Remove the route when D2D link is about to break
• This reverts connection to cellular
IP flow Switching Details
Deployment in Brno University of Technology
Practical benefits of LTE-assisted
WiFi Direct and associated challenges
Aleksandr Ometov, TUT
Konstantin Zhidanov, invited expert
Lessons Learned:
• LTE positioning support
• OTDOA/AoA based
• IMS support
• Required to deploy the D2D server
• Reconfigured firewall between UEs
• For P2P communication over LTE
• “Cooperative” UE platform and application
• Operator Deployed package
• That could be an issue, especially for closed platforms; relatively easy on
Linux-based phones
Faced Development Challenges
• Positioning
• Triangulation
• Cell-based
• Signal strength
• etc..
• IPC data integration
Proposed Technologies Classification
• Implementation highlights:
• One-hop:
• Offloading onto unlicensed bands
• Spectrum reuse
• Multi-hop:
• Range extension
• Group multicast
Offloading onto Unlicensed Band
• Proximity based offloading:
• Low end-to-end delay
• Controlled switching
• Forced usage
• Local Voice Service
• Challenges:
• Positioning
Cell Range Extension
• Range extension:
• Relay
• Link through the trusted user
• Service continuity
• Challenges:
• Trust
• Privacy
• Incentive schemes (“friendly” peers)
WiFi Direct Group Usage
• Local content redistribution
• Group multicast
• Faster content access and distribution
• Challenges:
• Sharing policies
• Key redistribution
Market and trends overview
Novel D2D-based service & application opportunities and market enablers
Olga Galinina, TUT
Alexey Koren, invited expert
Agenda
Mobile trends overview: insights into the market
Proximity D2D services concept
D2D services use cases and applications
Further step: proximity D2D platform
Overall Mobile Market
Global mobile market will continue to grow steadily in the next few years
Source: INTERNET TRENDS 2014 – CODE CONFERENCE. Mary
Meeker, May 28, 2014, Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers (KPCB)
Location Based Services
LBS Adoption
62% Heard of
30%
Familiar
Berg Insight: mobile location platforms revenues
will grow to € 275 million worldwide in 2018
• 6 in 10 are aware of LBS
• People who use LBS find them valuable
• Young people lead LBS adoption
24% Used
TechNavio’s: Global Indoor LBS market to grow
at a CAGR of 40% in 2016
Source: Location Based Services Usage &
Perceptions Survey. Cross-Tab Marketing Services
&Telecommunications Research Group for Microsoft Corporation
Massive Content Generation
Uploadable / Findable / Shareable / Real-Time
Data Rising Rapidly
Source: INTERNET TRENDS 2014 – CODE CONFERENCE. Mary
Meeker, May 28, 2014, Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers (KPCB)
1 zettabyte = 1 trillion gigabytes
Source: IDC report “Extracting Value from Chaos” 6/11
“Amount of global digital information
created & shared – from documents to
pictures to tweets – grew 9x in 5 years
to nearly 2 zettabytes* per IDC”.
Changes in Content Distribution Patterns
Source: Anjney Midha, KPCB Associate; Jared Morgenstern, KPCB Entrepreneur Partner
Mobile Advertisement
Location-based
advertisement (LBA) 2015:
• total revenues $6.2 billion
• 35% of total mobile advertising
revenue
Source: Pyramid Research
Re-imagining Conventional Mobile Services
Proximal D2D Services Paradigm
•
Key feature supported by the next generation cellular networks
• Enables mobile devices to discover presence of others in proximity to communicate directly
• Direct connectivity (minimal network involvement )
• Free of charge, fast and energy efficient transmission
• Ambient awareness (“wireless sense”)
• Local resource discovery (ad-hoc/network-assisted)
• Service continuity and automation
• Privacy (no 3rd party involvement)
Offers new business opportunities
•
for mobile stakeholders
Opportunities for highly relevant advertisement
SWOT Analysis
•
•
•
•
•
•
WEAKNESSES
Server side needed
Integration on operators and mobile OS
vendors side required
Challenging security policies
THREATS
Operators and mobile OS vendors may
be slow to adopt integration
Developers may have difficulty adopting
the architecture
Some people are concerned about
disclosing their locations
Although the market is small today, adoption will soon take off!
D2D Services Use Cases and Applications
(selected large markets)
D2D Use Case: Gaming
• Alice likes to play Japanese Mahjong but it
takes 4 people for a game
• She marks herself as “available for game” and
notification automatically appears when 3
more guys with the same status gather in
proximity
• If the match is agreed upon – ad-hoc network
is set up for multiplayer game
PriceWaterhouseCoopers: the global wireless games market reaches $14.4B by 2017
D2D Use Case: Social Services
• People who visit same places with you are
more interesting persons to you as they share
your lifestyle
• And you really do not want somebody to keep
track of and analyze your dating activity log
• 11% of adult Americans ever tried digital
dating (Pew Research Center)
D2D Use Case: Advertisement
• Art media content in shopping malls
• Music feed near jazz cafe
• Check in for 5 shops and get a free
donut
D2D Use Case: Public Safety
• P2P communications (incl. outside network coverage)
• Automated D2D discovery helps to find people in
danger and may be used to navigate to one’s phone
• Multi-hop coverage extension helps rescue team to
get coordination from base and transmit video from
incident place
D2D Use Case: Serendipity as a Service
• Alice is fond of board games and her profile
somehow knows about it
• When visiting Brno she is walking near the building
where hidden local board game club is located
• Alice gets a notification and is able to jump in and
have a very nice and unexpected evening
• Same with shops, people, and services
D2D Use Case: Everything You Can Imagine
• Delayed content download
• Secure content transmission
• Proximity-based “I’m feeling lucky”
D2D Proximity Service Platform
Important features:
▪ Provide ambient awareness
▪ Track proximity
▪ Push notifications
▪ Initiate connections
Further steps:
 Develop software and API architecture
▪ Ad-hoc network coordination  Make a demo in the testbed
 Make a pilot within the real network
 Formulate technology integration plan
Conclusion
• The wireless service industry is a competitive and fast moving
• D2D concept strengths clearly outweigh its weaknesses in several ways
• D2D properly deals with possible threats and expands to new opportunities
Experience
Perception
Adoption