BASELINE SURVEY
OF 23 LGAS IN RIVERS STATE
January 2013
Prepared by IDC Ltd
www.idc-ltd.org
1
Table of Contents
Contents
Abbreviations and Acronyms
Table of Annexes
Table of Charts
Executive Summary
Introduction
1
1.1
Methodology
Introduction
1.2
Research Methods
1.3
2.
DemoChartics of Respondents
2.1. The Grassroots
2.2. Civil Society
2.3. Local Government
3.
An Overview of the Status of Public Services in Rivers State
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
Overview
Access Infrastructure
Electricity
Water
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
Health
Education
Jobs and Livelihoods
Oil Spills
4.
Feedback from Grassroots Respondents from each LGA
4.1
4.2.
4.3.
4.4.
4.5.
4.6.
4.7.
4.8.
Abua-Odual
Ahoada East
Ahoada-West
Akuku Toru
Andoni
Asari-Toru
Bonny
Degema
5.
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
Feedback from Local Government Authority Respondents
Introduction
5.5 Education
5.6 Corruption
Peace & Security
5.7 Accountability
Infrastructure
6.
Feedback from Civil Society Respondents
7.
Survey Summary
8
Politics
9
Responses to Princewill
10
The Way forward
4.9.
4.10
4.11
4.12
4.13
4.14
4.15
4.16
Eleme
Emohua
Etche
Gokana
Ikwerre
Khana
Obio-Akpor
Ogba / Egbma / Ndoni
Constraints
3.9
3.10
3.11
3.12
Social Justice
Peace and Security
Transparency & Corruption
Summary
4.17
4.18
4.19
4.20
4.21
4.22
4.23
Ogu/Bolo
Okrika
Omuma
Opobo / Nekoro
Oyigbo
Port Harcourt
Tai
5.8 Jobs & Livelihoods
5.9 Youth & Gender
5.10 Jobs & Livelihoods
Health
2
Abbreviations and Acronyms
BS
CSS
GR
GRS
LGA
LGS
PTP
Baseline Survey
Civil Society Survey
Grassroots
Grassroots Survey
Local Government Authority
Local Government Survey
Prince Tonye Princewill
Acknowledgements
IDC Ltd Team
Project Director
Project Manager
Project Analyser
Data Co-ordinator
Data Chartics
Riverdrill Group Team
Ally Bedford
Bankole Allibay
Katharina Neureiter
Ritha Mboneko
Nady El Shahl
IDC Field Team
Solomon Fubara
West Atiemie
Joseph Asaigbe
Nengi Somiari
Sotonye Dokubo
Kenneth Oforji
Legal Adviser
Executive Assistant
Media Consultant
Logistic Coordinator
Barrister Soalabo West
Emanuel Dagogo
Chief Chukwuemeka Eze
Emmanuel Horsefall
Riverdrill Group Field Team
IDC Office Team
Leah Somiari
Edmund Somiari
Awoju Aribiton
Evangeline Abbah
Quincy Agbeye
Danny Ringo
Table of Appendices
Appendix 1
Appendix 2:
Appendix 3
Appendix 4
Appendix 5
Appendix 6
The Questionnaires ..................................................................................................................................................... 75
Using the Data for Further Enquiries ........................................................................................................................... 81
The Grand Matrix of Grassroots Data.......................................................................................................................... 78
The Grand Matrix of CSO Data ................................................................................................................................... 79
The Grand Matrix of LGA Data .................................................................................................................................... 81
Full List of Contact Details of all Respondents ................................................................................................................
Table of Pictures
Picture 1
Broken Bridge in Tema ....................................................................................................................................................
Picture 2
Road linking Kpite and Krokoro ................................................................................................................................... 14
Picture 3
Bridge project, on-going in Bolo.......................................................................................................................................
Picture 4:
Abandoned bridge construction, Tema ........................................................................................................................ 14
Picture 5:
Market Road in Kom Kom................................................................................................................................................
Picture 6
Ogale Road, Eleme ..................................................................................................................................................... 14
Picture 7
Emergency water supply unit in Ogale, Elema ............................................................................................................ 17
Picture 8
Water Project in Bolo, Ugo Bolo .................................................................................................................................. 17
Picture 9
Contaminated Water at Korokoro, Tai ............................................................................................................................
Picture 10
Water Project in Ubunko, Oyigbo ............................................................................................................................ 17
Picture 11
Health Centre in Tama................................................................................................................................................. 19
Picture 12
Health Center in Uyengala, Andoni ............................................................................................................................. 19
Picture 13:
Broken school building in Oponoma ……………………………………………………………………………………….
Picture 14:
Classroom in secondary school in Ogbakiri, Emohua ................................................................................................. 21
Picture 15: Pupils studying on the floor in Oberenyi Primary School, Ahoada E ................................................................................. 21
Picture 16
Secondary School in Obonoma .......................................................................................................................................
Picture 17
Secondary School in Ihugbogo, Ahoada East ............................................................................................................. 21
Picture 18
Contaminated Water by Oil Spills in Opobo ................................................................................................................ 24
Picture 19
Gas Flaring in Omuku , The capital of Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni....................................................................................... 24
3
Charts
Chart 1: Ages of respondents ................................................................................................................................................................. 9 Chart 2: Education level of Grassroot Respondents .............................................................................................................................. 9 Chart 3 Livelihoods of Grassroot Respondents .................................................................................................................................... 10 Chart 4: Participating Civil Society Organisations ................................................................................................................................ 11 Chart 5: Overview of Government General Service Provision ............................................................................................................. 12 Chart 6: Perception of road quality ....................................................................................................................................................... 13 Chart 7 Perceptions of Power Supply ................................................................................................................................................... 15 Chart 8 Perception of access to water .................................................................................................................................................. 16 Chart 9: Perception of Access to Health Care ...................................................................................................................................... 18 Chart 10 Perception of Quality of Education ........................................................................................................................................ 20 Chart 11 Access to Jobs & Vocational Training ................................................................................................................................... 22 Chart 12: Perception of Oil Spills .......................................................................................................................................................... 23 Chart 13 Perception of Social Justice ................................................................................................................................................... 25 Chart 14 Perception of Peace and Security ......................................................................................................................................... 26 Chart 15: Transparency and Accountability .......................................................................................................................................... 27 Chart 16 Grassroots Respondents Perceptions of Issues in Abua Adual ............................................................................................ 29 Chart 17: Perceptions of Issues in Ahoada East .................................................................................................................................. 30 Chart 18 Perception of Issues in Ahoada West .................................................................................................................................... 31 Chart 19 Perception of issues in Akuku Toru ....................................................................................................................................... 32 Chart 20 Perceptions of Public Services in Andoni .............................................................................................................................. 33 Chart 21 Perception of Public Services in Asari Toru ........................................................................................................................... 34 Chart 22 Perception of Issues in Bonny ............................................................................................................................................... 35 Chart 23 Perception of Issues in Degema ............................................................................................................................................ 36 Chart 24 Perceptions of issues in Eleme .............................................................................................................................................. 37 Chart 25 Perceptions of Issues in Emohua .......................................................................................................................................... 38 Chart 26 Perception of Issues in Etche ................................................................................................................................................ 39 Chart 27 Perception of Issues in Gokana ............................................................................................................................................. 40 Chart 28 Perception of Issues in Ikwerre.............................................................................................................................................. 41 Chart 29 Perceptions of Issues in Khana ............................................................................................................................................. 42 Chart 30 Perception of issues in Obio/Akpor ........................................................................................................................................ 43 Chart 31 Perception of issues in ONELGA ........................................................................................................................................... 44 Chart 32 Perceptions in Ogba/Bolo ...................................................................................................................................................... 45 Chart 33 Perception of issues in Okrika LGA ....................................................................................................................................... 46 Chart 34 Perception of issues in Omuma ............................................................................................................................................. 47 Chart 35 Perception of Issues in Opobo/Nekoro .................................................................................................................................. 48 Chart 36 Perception of issues in Oyibo ................................................................................................................................................ 49 Chart 37 Perception of Issues in Port Harcourt .................................................................................................................................... 50 Chart 38 Perception of issues in Tai ..................................................................................................................................................... 51 Chart 39 LGA suggestions on education .............................................................................................................................................. 53 Chart 40 LGA on Infrastructure ............................................................................................................................................................ 55 Chart 41 LGA on Livelihoods ................................................................................................................................................................ 56 Chart 42 LGA ON YOUTH AND GENDER PRIORITIES ..................................................................................................................... 56 Chart 43 LGA on Peace and Security .................................................................................................................................................. 57 Chart 44 LGA respondents on Accountability ....................................................................................................................................... 58 Chart 45 LGA on corruption .................................................................................................................................................................. 58 Chart 46: Civil Society Perception of current Government activities .................................................................................................... 59 Chart 47: Are current policies sufficient for the vulnerable and the poor? ............................................................................................ 59 Chart 48: Civil Society Perception of Performance by Category .......................................................................................................... 60 Chart 49 Beneficial Policies for Civil Society ........................................................................................................................................ 60 Chart 50 Grassroots Perception on Responsibilities ............................................................................................................................ 64 Chart 51 Criteria for Voting ................................................................................................................................................................... 65 Chart 52 The first thing you would do as a governor? .......................................................................................................................... 66 Chart 53 Have you heard of PTP? ....................................................................................................................................................... 67 Chart 54: LGA on successful policies to date ....................................................................................................................................... 61 Chart 55: LGA on Government Failures ............................................................................................................................................... 61 Chart 56 Grassroot’s list of priorities for a new governor ....................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 4
Executive Summary
The Independent Local Government Survey undertaken with residents, civil servants, public sector workers
and Civil Society Organisations in November and December 2012 across all 23 LGAs is the first of its kind.
The research team asked 1187 respondents 472 questions and received over 200,000 responses of which
19,800 were comments, clarifications and suggestions. Qualitative and quantitative data reveal:
The continuing poor delivery of service, corruptive practices and frustration of people despite the
substantial investments in these areas over the last twenty years.
The anticipated result of lack of investment in the rural areas, most specifically the thousands affected
by unemployment and underemployment.
The damaging impact of the oil industry on both waterways and land and how this prevents the
exercise of traditional livelihoods in farming and fishing.
It importantly revealed that the current Governor Amaechi’s administration has made ‘some improvement’ in
‘some areas’ in ‘some LGA’s’. The results demonstrate that the impact of programmes is at best ‘uneven’ and
that vast majority of the people are precluded from enjoying ‘Free Education and Health’, ‘Model Schools’ and
‘Improved Infrastructure’ that would encourage economic growth. At worst, it exposes how even the most
positive programmes can be turned into rent-seeking opportunities by corrupt officials. One key example
provided is the ‘Local Content’ programme, which has been hijacked into ‘job racketeering’ where the ‘cost to
get a job’ outweighs the benefits of ‘having a job’.
The report illustrates clearly the poor work ethic of many civil and public servants including the police in the
delivery of their duties. It gives examples of how this has impacted the ordinary person, including nonattendance at work, the dearth of quality in delivery, nepotism and bribery. There is little trust in the police
force that is deemed to be undermanned, under-equipped and supposedly demand petrol money before
investigating any alleged crime.
Where there was a definite but ‘relative’ improvement in peace and security, some attributed this to
Government troops and others to vigilante groups. Some even requested that vigilantes twere formalised and
their welfare taken over by the State despite they are rumoured to be the perpetrators of much of the crime
and oil bunkering.
There was a clear demand from the grassroots respondents for swift judicial action against corrupt officials
and contractors that have misappropriated funds allocated to development. The was also a demand for
monitoring all government initiatives and projects to ensure their intended full implementation. Further there
were calls for transparency of monies allocated to their LGAs.
The report revealed that although there is increased political awareness, there is disillusionment of politicians
generally, most respondents citing empty promises made by candidates during election campaigns and
announcing grand plans during office that never get implemented on the ground. They believed firmly there
should be consultation before making plans. In some areas there is palpable anger and resentment to
politicians who believe their remit is focussed on the development of the state capital Port Harcourt, when the
funds to make such investment comes from ‘their backyard’. There is particular anger against the monorail.
5
Within the section relating to politics, 87% stated that they had voted in the last election, although comments
revealed that few felt their vote would count as election rigging resulted in pre-selection of candidates.
When asked their criteria to vote, the majority went for character over policies and a minority for a particular
party. When asked what the first thing they would do if they were Governor, the majority said that ‘rural
development’ would be their priority followed by the ‘development of skills training centres’ adding that there
should be sponsorship funds to enable attendance and start-up finance post completion of the course.
The three questionnaires also asked specific questions on Prince Tonye Princewill including ‘Do you know
him?’ If so ‘what have you heard about him, and would you vote for him in the next election and who else they
believed were contenders for Governorship? 57% confirmed that they had heard of him due to his good works
in flood relief, scholarships for the talented and as the ‘Man with the Golden Heart’.
In undertaking the survey it raised awareness of the Prince by default with the other 43% leading to 60% who
would be prepared to vote for him. Some listed alternative candidates and many from Khana stating they
would only vote for an Ogoni person. The respondents provided a myriad of suggestions and sent over 700
personal messages to Prince Tonye, most of which were positive and supportive, but there were several
warnings against sycophants and one suggested that he was ‘too soft’ to be a governor and politics would
corrupt him.
The Questionnaires included personal information that provided an insight into the respondents’ age,
education level and current livelihood activities, broken down into each LGA and village. Importantly, the
majority provided their telephone number and many also supplied an e-mail address for further dialogue.
In moving forward, it is important to retain these new contacts and build on the relationships, starting with a
simple ‘Thank you’ for participating in the consultation process via ‘text or e-mail’. Re-affirming contact, further
texts and e-mails can be sent to update the people on activities, initiatives or films and encouraging a two-way
dialogue. This establishes Prince Tonye Princewill as a ‘listening candidate’.
However, as the results reveal, the electorate are expecting more than ‘listening’ and ‘electioneering’
pronouncements, as they want action and change from the current status quo. It is recommended that the next
step is to start to build relationships with those that can support not just the sound bites but also the
programmes for change. This would include both national and international corporations and non-government
organisations, donor countries, local technical colleges and universities along with auditors and lawyers.
It is important to reach out to these stakeholders, undertake capacity audits and identify key players that can
help collectively and proactively with the development of the instruments for change. It is important to garner
relationships with those who are both willing and able to commit to working with the PTP Team now, so plans
can be drawn up, inviting local information multipliers and respected figures to enjoin the process of
developing the detailed elements of the plan ready to roll out within the first year of Governorship.
In reaching out to this new group of stakeholders it will no doubt create further awareness of Prince Tonye
Princewill’s candidacy as Governor and set him above other contenders as a serious individual committed to
change and encourage positive voting. In free and fair elections it is votes that counts!
6
Introduction - Objectives And Background
The consultancy team of IDC was contracted by Prince Tonye Princewill (PTP) to undertake a baseline
study covering the 23 Local Government Authorities (LGAs) of Rivers State.
The rationale of the survey is outlined in his TP 15 Strategy Document. It was designed to reveal the
people’s priorities, their opinion on ‘what works’ in the State and their recommendations on what could
‘work better’ with suggestions for change. The focus was placed on policy areas as opposed to mere
politics. A welcome side effect of the exercise was to spread the word about PTP’s candidacy and make
early assessments as to what support he enjoys in the different LGA’s.
The results of the survey as presented below can be used in multiple ways:
Assist in the decision to run for governor or not
Set focal topics for the election campaign
Assist in the development and execution of the campaign
Garner media attention
Inform discussions with various stakeholders
Inform priorities of policy towards the election
Share data with the development agencies
The survey and exercise was designed to satisfy this multi-purpose approach with minimal resources
and financial input.
1.1. Research Methodology
The overall activities of the team included:
Desk-based research
Development of survey instruments
Field observations
Data collection and collation in thematic charts
Analysis of the data
Compilation of a final report
Background Research
The desk research started in Early October 2012 by IDC with assistance from PTP’s Port Harcourt team
who supplied information and statistics of Rivers State. This research informed the approach of the data
collation phase and the design of the survey instruments (see Appendix 1), which provided the input for
the final report.
Collation
The baseline survey (BS) was carried out between the 22nd of November and 15th of December 2012.
The IDC Field Team worked collaboratively with the Riverdrill Group within the LGA’s, whilst the Office
Team input the quantitative and qualitative data daily into a central database called the ‘Grand Matrix’.
Both field and office teams were divided into three for efficiency.
7
Analysis
The field data from 1182 interviews was entered into a database and collated according to theme and
location and analysed to form the key findings of this report. For easy reference much of the quantitative
data has been captured as various charts found in the body and annexes of this report.
1.2. Design of Questionnaires
The Instruments used in the course of the survey cover three groups of respondents and can be found
in Annex 1:
Grassroots’ Surveys
The prime target of the survey was to interview members of all 23 LGAs between the ages of
17-40. They are thought to represent TP’s future electoral base.
LGA Surveys
Members of all 23 local government authorities were asked broad policy questions and how
they would judge the condition, prioritise and improve the current status quo. There was
further an open question asking them what policy areas they felt should be in focus for the
new Government.
Civil Society Surveys
The survey is targeted at people active in civil society, including non-Governmental
Organizations (NGOs), Pressure Groups and Trade Groups based in the various LGAs.
The survey instruments were sub-divided into three parts. All started with basic demographic1 questions
such as name, age and contact details. The second section asked the respondent’s assessment of
current service delivery in the LGA. The third section contained a range of questions on service delivery
from their understanding of roles and responsibilities, suggestions for improvement, priorities, ‘if they
were Governor...” as well as past electoral behaviour and assessment of PTP as a potential candidate
for Governor. Each questionnaire provided the opportunity to send a personal message to PTP.
1.3. Constraints
The project was adequately funded and supported by all parties. However, due to delays in the kick-off
there were serious time constraints in the collation of data. This combined with the geography of Rivers
State and poor infrastructure led to high pressure for all interviewers.
The research teams focussing on the LGA and CS survey’s encountered more challenges than those
surveying the villages. Some LGAs were oblivious or hostile towards the proposed candidacy of PTP. In
one instance the team was prevented from asking people about the service delivery of their Local
Government, indicating there is resistance towards transparency. The poor work ethic in some of the
LGAs also meant that officers did not resume on time and left the office early, further impeding data
gathering. Some civil servants were purported to only be around on payday.
Whereas the aim was to be gender sensitive, more men were willing to undertake the surveys and to a
large extent, women were found to be more economically productive and therefore not at home when
the surveyors called.
1
Demochartics is demographic baseline data such as Age, Livelihood, Remit, Telephone number, E-mail address.
8
2.
DemoChartics of Respondents
The exercise was designed to sample respondents from all ages, gender and educational backgrounds.
In total 1182 interviews were carried out with 895 male respondents and 287 female respondents with
half of the respondents between 26 and 40 years old. The following chapter will provide details to the
DemoChartics of the respondents divided by the three distinct research groups as defined in Chapter 1:
The Grassroots, Local Government Authorities and representatives from Civil Society.
2.1. The Grassroots Respondents
The survey was conducted in various communities covering all 23 LGA’s. A closer breakdown of the
status of public services in the various LGA’s can be found in Section 3. In total 867 people responded
(658 male and 209 female), half of which were aged 26 to 40. See Chart 1 below.
Chart 1: Ages of respondents
1: All Known Respondents Ages
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
18-25
26-31
32-40
41-55
56+
Education
The interviewees came from all educational backgrounds. The majority of respondents had finished
secondary school (54,4%), about a third of the respondents had obtained a university degree. Very few
had no education at all. This relatively high educational standard is also reflected in the distribution of
livelihoods.
Chart 2: Education level of Grassroots Respondents
2: Grassroots Respondents
Educational Levels as Provided
500
400
300
200
100
0
None
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
9
Livelihoods
30% of the respondents generate income from various forms of trading activities. The second largest
group of respondents were students and the third largest reported to work in the governmental sector or
as politicians. 10% of respondents earned their livelihoods in agriculture craftsmen (Tailoring, Welding,
Hairdresser). The unemployed made up another 10% of the group. Interestingly, only one of the
respondents identified themselves as working directly in the Oil and Gas Sector.
Chart 3 Livelihoods of Grassroots Respondents
2.2. Local Government
192 representatives from Local Governments covering all LGA’s other than two (Khana, Oyigbo)
answered the questions. Respondents working in the LGAs came from a wide background, had various
levels of responsibilities. This in turn explains the diverse views expressed. Respondents ranged from
leadership figures in governmental departments to administrators or workers such as electricians and
carpenters.
2.3. Civil Society Respondents
Part of the design and multi-stakeholder approach of the survey was to capture the views of all decision
makers and influential voices in the communities. Thus, next to the Local Government Authorities the
research team also identified members of the civil society in 21 of the 23 LGAs and held separate
interviews.
The concept of a civil society involves citizens to be engaged towards the benefit of their own
community in voluntary groups or organizations. Civil society operates separate to the political realm
and is usually characterized by a sharp viewpoint on all spectra of the political divide.
10
In total 123 members (96 male, 27 female) of the civil society of Rivers State were interviewed. Most
represent small community organizations such as councils or elders. Some are active in Youth
Development, Health Services or empowerment of communities or women’s issues.
The selected 123 people came from small community organizations. 34% of the respondents are aged
above forty. Most respondents are engaged in community development activities such as youth
empowerment, good governance and women’s issues. A full breakdown of the topical nature of the
participating organizations is shown below.
Chart 4: Participating Civil Society Organisations
Civil Society Organisations
0
5
10
15
20
25
Community Development
Youth
Elder
Good Governance & Women
Health
No Information
NGO
Empowerment
Peace & Security
Cooperative Society
Business & Skills
Media
Consultation, Information
Insurance
Insurance
Religious
Sanitation
11
3.
Status of Public Services in Rivers State
This section provides an overview of respondents’ perception of the quality of public services and
infrastructure in Rivers State. A comprehensive overview is followed by a breakdown into the 23 LGA’s.
The report comprises of observations from the operating field teams, desk research, comments and
quantitative data collected from the questionnaires.
3.1
Overview
Rivers State LGAs have primary health care centres, police posts and schools regardless of distance
and access. However, after years of neglect these public facilities are dilapidated due to poor
maintenance and lack of operatives to keep the facilities functional. Infrastructure is seriously
challenged and prohibits even basic economic development.
In his Appropriation Bill 2013, the current Governor Chibuike Rotimi Amaechi recognises these
impediments to growth. He announced for his budget 2013 the continued investment in “the critical
sectors that drive and sustain economic growth like power, roads, transport, education and health,
adding that it would remain his top-most priority.”2
The research team observed that public service facilities were either abandoned or poorly maintained.
Respondents complained that some of the health facilities for example, rather than cure ailments
actually spread infection. Despite numerous anti-malarial initiatives mosquito breeding grounds were
evident in most places.
Further complaints were made with regards to the acute shortage of qualified workers in health and
education. Youth Corps members and NYSC filled the majority of places. This can only mean that
inexperienced people are providing services. It further precludes continuity.
Chart 5: Overview of Government General Service Provision
2
Press Release of Rivers State Government, 28th December 2012.
12
3.2
Access Infrastructure
Despite the current prioritisation of this critical sector, the long-term neglect of basic infrastructure within
the LGAs is evident. Some communities are unreachable during the rainy season. The anger of
respondents seems to be directed towards the State Government. 90% of respondents believe that it is
the State government’s responsibility to provide local infrastructure although many blame the corrupt
contracting system and cowboy contractors for the bad road situation. Over half of the respondents
(54%) assess the roads as poor and less than 2% consider the road condition to be acceptable.
Most make a distinction between large tarred roads and roads linking between communities. On tar
roads the main problem are potholes. Other smaller linkage roads are either non-existent or in such bad
conditions that they are not passable during rainy season. This results in produce not reaching markets,
which impedes economic growth. Most comments complain about the absence of a proper maintenance
system for the existing roads, poor drainage, lack of culverts and bridges. Roads should be built or
upgraded by credible contractors. Respondents further demand the prosecution of corrupt officials who
steal money targeted at development.
Although a general dissatisfaction prevails, the situation does differ in the various LGAs. A detailed
breakdown follows below in Chart 6 Grassroots Perception of Road Quality.
Chart 6: Perception of road quality
Andoni, Emohua Asari-Toru and Gokana have over 80% dissatisfaction with regards to the access
infrastructure. Degema records 100% of respondents who believe the roads are unacceptable.
Those working for the LGA in Degema agree with the LGA respondents and interestingly, the majority
believe it is the oil companies’ responsibility to provide roads. In comparison to this, Bonny, the oldest
town to have oil companies based there, fairs far better on access infrastructure. They believe that the
responsibility lies with the State and the LGAs. Only 24% believed that it is the oil companies’
responsibility.
13
Infrastructure
Picture 1 Broken Bridge in Tema
Picture 3 Bridge project, on-going in Bolo
Picture 5: Market Road in Kom Kom
Picture 2 Road linking Kpite and Krokoro
Picture 4: Abandoned bridge construction, Tema
Picture 6 Ogale Road, Eleme
14
3.3
Electricity
Only 25% of respondents from communities would categorise their supply with electricity as adequate.
Half of all respondents judge their supply with electricity as poor or none. According to 80% of the
interviewees the state government is responsible for the supply of electricity. 20% blame their local
governments for the failure in service deliveries. Some communities, such as Ula Upatobo in Ahoada
West reported that they have not had electricity for more than five years.
The lack of electricity also severely impacts the work of civil society organisations. The executive of a
small NGO in Elekahia complained that due to the constant lack of electricity, their fuel consumption
and related costs to power generators has skyrocketed. A government administrator from the Okrika
LGA remarked to the research team, that ‘a more regular, (preferably constant), electricity supply would
help creating jobs and thereby improve the standard of living of many people’.
The variation in LGAs is also prominent in the grassroots surveys. Andoni and Khana respondents are
unanimous in their condemnation of the government’s supply of electricity. Both LGAs indicate that
there is a project to supply power in the pipeline, but rumour has it that this has been suspended. This is
in stark contrast with Ogubolo and Ogbave / Gbema / Ndoni who declare their power supply is fair or
even good. See below.
Chart 7 Perceptions of Power Supply
15
3.4
Water
The provision of water is a contentious issue. There is no portable drinking water in almost all parts of
the state, especially in the rural areas where they mostly drink from dirty wells. Almost 40% of the
respondents report that there is no provision of water in their communities at all. The striking majority of
65% think the provision of water is the responsibility of the State and 27% hold their local LGA
responsible for a lack of clean drinking water. For the most part however the majority create their own
makeshift boreholes or buy from vendors. A respondent from Khana assessed the water condition as
good and reported that there was a successful water project in the area, but highlighted that they were
mostly provided by non-governmental organisations (NGOs). In some cases oil companies have
developed potable water projects.
Chart 8 Perception of access to water
Respondents from many LGAs referred to abandoned water projects started by the NDDC including:
Ahoda East
Adoni
Asari Toru
Degema
Ogba
Egbema
Ndoni
Tai
Uhoada
It appears that only 3 NDDC Water Projects have had moderate success in Etche, Obalga and Ogubolo
A recent environmental study undertaken by UNEP on oil spill pollution found that drinking water is
contaminated in at least 10 Ogoni communities with high levels of hydrocarbons. The study concluded
that public health is seriously threatened. In Nisisioken Ogale, in western Ogoniland, families are using
wells that are contaminated with benzene - a known carcinogen- at levels over 900 times above World
Health Organization guidelines.3
3
UN News, Cleaning up oil spills could take 30 years, August 2011
16
Water
Picture 7 Emergency water supply unit in Ogale,
Elema
Picture 8 Water Project in Bolo, Ugo Bolo
Picture 9 Contaminated Water at Korokoro, Tai
Picture 10 Water Project in Ubunko, Oyigbo
17
3.5
Health
The Rivers State Ministry of Health has the statutory responsibility of providing effective and qualitative
health services to the inhabitants of the State. According to the Ministry of Health however, the State
Government only works from the secondary level, leaving the local government councils in the
responsibility of providing primary health care services to its 310 primary health facilities spread across
the 23 LGAs.4
The rational behind this policy is to bring about community support, participation and ownership of these
facilities. It is anticipated that the various LGA’s medical staff ensure that government derives value for
the money in the projects. Projects include disease-control schemes, including malaria, HIV/AIDS and
tuberculosis programmes. Unfortunately, the impact is not felt on the ground yet. Bonny respondents for
example are deeply concerned about HIV/AIDS. Other complaints include:
lack of qualified health professionals
lack of diagnostic equipment
poor and dilapidated facilities
corrupt officials
Irresponsible contractors
lack of medicines
lack of water in facilities
unfinished health projects
poor work ethos
Lack of a clear health strategy
The issue of real free health care is also raised frequently and as there is little trust in the health care
services, many prefer to use traditional medicine instead. Again what is apparent is a big divergence
between the status of services across LGA’s and even within LGA communities. Akuku Toru’s
healthcare is acceptable whereas Ahoada East has reasons to complain. Several commentators have
mentioned the Governors show projects, but benefits hardly reach down to every community.
Chart 9: Perception of Access to Health Care
4
http://riversstatemoh.gov.ng/the-ministry/about-the-ministry/
18
Health Centres
Picture 11 Health Centre in Tama
Picture 12 Health Centre in Uyengala, Andoni
19
3.6
Education
Upon taking up office the current Governor placed education as a priority declaring a state of
emergency on the Education Sector. Due to the poor record of teacher’s salary payments by the LGAs,
the State took over the direct payment of primary school and junior schoolteachers, to ensure that
education takes its rightful place in the administration.5
The State Government has just commissioned the construction of Model Secondary and Primary
schools in each LGA but most respondents are cynical of its success after so many failed and
abandoned education projects. Many believe that contracting process is just an excuse for ‘Political
Loyalists ’to ‘chop money’.
For already running schools in the state, especially those outside the main city, Port Harcourt, the
condition is demotivating due to dilapidated structures. This in itself constitutes a safety threat to the
pupils. To make matters worse teachers are less than productive and many of them have personal
businesses to bolster their salaries, which distract them from their main duties. This is summed up in the
comments of many respondents “Teachers are not serious with their job. Teachers are not motivated.”
In some schools NYCS members are the only teachers present. Many demand skills training centres to
provide youth opportunities, monitoring project development and support for teacher welfare to
encourage them to focus on their jobs.
In summary, the complaints are similar to those in the health sector
Lack of qualified teachers
Lack of teaching equipment
Poor and dilapidated facilities
Corrupt officials
Irresponsible contractors
Lack of medicines
Unfinished health projects
Poor work ethos
Lack of vocational and tertiary education
Lack of a clear health strategy
Chart 10 Perception of Quality of Education
5
http://newafricanpress.com/2012/11/12/amaechi-five-years-of-educational-revolution-in-rivers-state/
20
Schools
Picture 13: Broken school building in Oponoma
Picture 14: Classroom in secondary school in
Ogbakiri, Emohua
Picture 15: Pupils studying on the floor in Oberenyi Primary School, Ahoada East
Picture 16 Secondary School in Obonoma
Picture 17 Secondary School in Ihugbogo, Ahoada East
21
3.7
Jobs and Livelihoods
Jobs and livelihoods are a cross cutting issue linked with peace and security and social justice. All
respondents commented on the high rate of youth employment and lack of opportunities in the rural
areas. 96% look for the politicians to provide solutions with 82% pinning hopes on the State
Government.
There was positive feedback to the Skill’s Acquisition program carried out by the Rivers State
Sustainable Development Agency. Many respondents call for vocational training centres combined with
start up loans for small businesses.
One respondent from Gokana LGA comments on the positive role of oil companies in giving of loans
and granting of scholarships and skill acquisition centres. These training initiatives also point towards
another positive trend that oil companies are trying to recruit more locally. Several commentators were
pleased with this effort on behalf of the companies. Instead of the companies they point towards the
local community leaders as an impediment for further growth. Nepotism and obstructionism is rife and
prevent a trickle down effect.
Other commentators remarked that only few can receive scholarships and the vast majority are
excluded from employment by oil companies due to the lack of skills or experience. One women in
Bonny LGA describes her search for employment; ”We even pay money to get jobs or we have sex with
them and we need to be well connected or belong to the right family to get employment.’’
Chart 11 Access to Jobs & Vocational Training
There is a worrying new trend ‘job brokerage’ or ‘racketeering’ where agencies take a cut of the salary
of the jobs available in the lucrative oil sector in particular. Many of the youths would rather stay idle and
make other people work for them at a sharing formula rather than get engaged in the work itself. This is
a threat to productivity and makes a mockery of attempts to create local-local employment.
The majority of the respondents felt the government should develop infrastructure to encourage
investment into the area and revitalise trading and services in the rural areas.
22
3.8
Oil Spills
Oil pollution has had a serious impact on Rivers State since the beginning of the industry. For the first
30 years of production there were no considerations for the environment. The civil war damaged pipes
and prevented meaningful development of corporate responsibility strategies. The current trend of oil
bunkering and poor maintenance have exacerbated an already bad situation. Four LGA’s making up
parts of Ogoni Land: Khana, Gokana, Tai and Eleme. They have been devastated by the impacts of oil
spillage. This is potentially one of the causes for the antagonism towards the current Government.
In 2011 the United Nations Environment Programme conducted a scientific assessment of the area to
support clean up efforts. The report shows that pollution from over 60 years of oil operations in the
region has penetrated further and deeper than many may have supposed. Some areas, which appear
unaffected at the surface, are in reality severely contaminated underground. They recommend urgent
action to remedy the situation.
Whereas some compensation has been paid out to affected communities overall the amount provided is
deemed as insufficient to cover for the pollution of the waterways, fishponds and farmland, all of which
impact basic economic survival. To combat the adverse effects of the oil industry the Federal
Government created a fund to address infrastructural deficit and neglect of the oil and gas producing
communities. However, there were numerous comments in the survey that the money is lost in
corruption and siphoned off by local officials.
Chart 12: Perception of Oil Spills
Reports in the Guardian reported that the Federal Government had paid out over N7.282 trillion in the past
years as 13 per cent derivation fund to the oil producing communities but with nothing on the ground in those
communities to show for it.6
6
http://www.ngrguardiannews.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=108776:clark-faults-govs-appropriation-of-oilderivation-fund&catid=1:national&Itemid=559 Dec 26 2012
23
Environmental Degradation due to Oil Exploration
Picture 18 Contaminated Water by Oil Spills in Opobo
Picture 19 Gas Flaring in Omuku, The capital of Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni
24
3.9
Social Justice
In the contemporary context, ‘social justice’ is typically taken to mean ‘distributive justice’. The terms are
generally understood to be synonymous and interchangeable.7 It implies the concept of an egalitarian
society, where goods and employment is fairly distributed.
Grievances regarding social justice are as varied as the concept itself. Many refer to corruption and a
weak enforcement of the law and legislative systems. The judicial system is expensive, inefficient,
biased towards the rich and oftentimes corrupt so that many conflicts are dealt with on a local level.
Others point out the loss of cultural values within the LGAs or discrimination in Government schools in
the admission process or a lack of representation of poor people in political positions.
One respondent in Oyibo LGA links social justice to Peace and Security. He states that the extreme gap
in distribution of wealth is a breeding ground for crime, especially the high rate of youth unemployment
contributes to the perception of a gross lack of social justice.
Most people, especially the youth, are educated but lack practical skills and opportunities, so the only
way to survive is through restiveness. The Ministry of Youth Development acknowledges the positive
impact of policies directed at young people and regrets that due to budgetary constraints there is still a
long way to go.
“The establishment of youth development Centre’s in Rivers State would certainly make a world of
difference in the lives of Rivers Youth and the state would be much better.”8 Generally, there is a
perception that justice can only be obtained with money. One respondent sums this feeling up: “There is
no social justice. Justice is for the rich in Rivers State.”
Overall there is a feeling of abandonment and hopelessness pervading all the LGAs with regards to
fairness in the system.
Chart 13 Perception of Social Justice
7
8
United Nations, Social Justice in an Open World, New York 2006, p. 12.
Ministry of Youth, http://www.riversstate.gov.ng/component/k2/itemlist/user/42-superuser.html
25
3.10
Peace and Security
Generally there was a feeling that peace and security had improved under the present Governor.
However whereas the statistics indicate that Peace & Security is not such a hot topic, the situation in the
rural areas does remain a cause of concern. It is believed that the analysis needs to be put within in the
historical context and be treated as ‘relative to that history’.
Chart 14 Perception of Peace and Security
Respondents believed Peace & Security is the responsibility of the State. They suggest their elders
should participate and be trained and a few believed that it is the effort of individuals to ensure peace.
There have also been a range of initiatives by various NGOs including PeaceWorks and many of the
international donors have initiated a range of programmes including ‘Good Governance in the Niger
Delta’9.
Most comments to bolster Peace and Security circle around the enhancement of police presence in
rural areas. Police should be trained, equipped and their welfare taken care of so they do not harass
ordinary citizens and victims of crime for money. Some depend on vigilantes and want them paid for by
the State, probably not realising the implications. Often they exacerbate existing problems, using their
privileges and status to engage in illegal bunkering activities and other crimes.
Others emphasise the creation of livelihood opportunities for the youth. This is also predicated with the
need to set up vocational centres to provide practical skills and start up grants to start small business.
Linked with this was the development of basic infrastructure to encourage investors into the area. Many
feel strongly about the current trend of job racketeering, which prevents ordinary people getting the few
available jobs in the oil sector. Graduates felt angry that despite their qualifications, the jobs on offer
were casual and menial employment.
9
DfID
26
3.11
Transparency and Accountability
Most see the lack of transparency and accountability as the reasons for invasive corruption in the state.
At the local level, people cite examples of abandoned projects, poorly constructed facilities, regularly
inflated contracts, all resulting in the poor service delivery and infrastructure in the rural areas. People
call for monitoring of Projects, transparency of funding and prosecution of corrupt officials and
contractors. However there is also a complete lack of trust in those that are tasked to do the monitoring
and so a more radical approach is required, if real change in the rural areas is going to be a reality.
Chart 15: Transparency and Accountability
The Civil Service at all levels was blamed for much of the corruption and as demonstrated by the
experience of the research teams the work ethos is very poor and there is a great reluctance for
transparency. It has been observed with dismay that contrary to best practices as prevalent in advanced
economies where only the best brains go to the Civil Service, the system was generally faced with a
situation in which the smartest did not take up relevant roles in the system.10 Due to the low wage
structure they pursue other businesses next to their main job. This distracts and reduces productivity for
the state and impacts on service delivery. The report also highlighted that those retiring from civil
service were not being replaced.
During the compilation of the baseline study an almost absolute disconnect between the government
and the people was observed over and over again. The lack of clarity in responsibilities on the provision
of services and infrastructure that has to be addressed. Expenditure should be transparent. The existing
gulf between the governed and those in charge should worry any responsible government.
10
http://www.riversstate.gov.ng/component/content/article/91-news/press-release/130-committee-on-state-public-service-submitsreport.html
27
3.12 Summary
Under the current Governor there has been a marked improvement of not only services and
infrastructure, but also importantly in peace and security. Unfortunately, the years of neglect and the
pervasive culture of corruption makes change an uphill battle. Much of the change has been focussed
on Port Harcourt and rural dwellers feel that they have been forgotten once again.
The failure to implement measures to ensure transparency and accountability of civil servants, elected
councillors and contractors remains unresolved and yet the grassroots are demanding action to get
improved service delivery. They call for both monitoring of projects and prosecution of corrupt officials
who have been stealing from them.
The dilapidated infrastructure precludes the possibility of real economic development in the rural areas,
which would curb the influx into the cities and much restiveness of the large numbers of unemployed
youth. Roads, bridges, culverts all need massive investment constructed by qualified, competent and
incorruptible contractors to address the current lack of economic opportunities. The combination of both
requirements today seems almost insurmountable and difficult decisions will have to be made.
Linked with this is the lack of markets and proper management of those facilities. Again the poor
provision of power prevents new economic activities, internet-based trading and added value
opportunities. The lack of potable water is a concern for everyone and gives rise to the associated risks
to health. Which takes priority where are part of the difficult decisions of the State, but the emphasis
according to the respondents is prioritising the rural areas.
The lack of qualified staff to man the various public services is also of serious concern, especially for
health, education and waste management, which appears to be non-existent. The assignment of NYSC
members in place of proper qualified staff does nothing to help the provision of services, nor the Youth
Corp members either in terms of getting job experience. Linked to this is the lack of adequate facilities
to house the services and equipment / teaching materials to actually deliver a quality of service. The
people are demanding that there is investment in human resources, facilities and equipment, which may
require fast track training and support from various donors and NGOs to make a difference in the short
term.
The development of sustainable jobs and livelihoods is another high priority, but without the
development of infrastructure the opportunities to attract investors (along with improved peace and
security), brings the proverbial chicken and egg situation. Meanwhile, those jobs being offered by oil
companies to the LGAs are short lived, menial tasks and subject to job racketeering, which is of serious
concern. Are the oil companies and oil service companies aware of the racketeering? If not they should
be made aware and called to address it with urgency.
The most pertinent way forward to engage the youth in particular is to provide both practical and
entrepreneurial skills through vocational centres sponsored by the Government and in conjunction with
some of the commercial banks and micro-finance institutions to provide start up capital.
28
4.
Status and Issues of Each LGA
4.1
Abua-Odual
The people of Abua Odua are predominantly farmers and fishermen. The political consciousness of the
average Abua Odua man suggests they are well informed of politics within and outside their LGA. The
respondents were generally happy with the peace and security situation and half the respondents judge
the LGA to be peaceful despite a recent upsurge in cult related violence. It has also been observed that
those saddled with the responsibility of maintaining peace, especially privately hired security personnel
often engage in activities that can compromise the existing fragile situation.
Most government school projects were either abandoned or are still under construction three years after
commencement. Unfortunately, the existing facilities are in a very poor state. Poorly paid teachers have
resorted to supplement their livelihoods as farmers and traders. This means that during class hours,
they spend time on their businesses rather than teaching. The free education scheme propagated by
the State Government is in practice not free as parents are still asked to pay tuition and other fees. Half
of the interviewees evaluate education provision as poor. The health sector has improved recently by
some new healthcare centres and the employment of doctors and nurses. However, there are still
grievances regarding the lack of ambulances and the availability of drugs.
Chart 16 Grassroots Respondents Perceptions of Issues in Abua Adual
Abua Odua is yet to feel any impact of government in human development initiatives. There are no
programmes put in place to help the youth and women to gain employment.
Oil Spills are a minor occurrence in Abua Odua and are mainly side effects of spillage in surrounding
communities. There are many incidents of illegal bunkering activities reported around the Orashi River.
The roads are in a deplorable state. Some on-going projects are completely abandoned or work is very
slow. People still cross rivers by canoe when the government could provide small bridges. There is
much to be done in terms of service delivery by the local authorities. People do not believe their
government is transparent and accountable. The state of service delivery is poor. The area urgently
needs the provision of a good road network, portable drinking water and the long promised
implementation of the free medical scheme and education to improve the living conditions of the people.
29
4.2
Ahoada East
In Ahoada East the main livelihood is farming and fishing and the people take pride in the fact that they
have contributed much to the development of both the state and the nation. The people are well
informed on political issues.
Comparatively, there is relative peace and also improved security through the use of vigilante groups,
although they are to blame for some of the crime and abuse in the area.
Most of the classrooms and school buildings are in a bad shape and poorly staffed. Half of the
respondents report not to have any access to clean drinking water. Health centres are poorly staffed
and equipped. People again note that the free medical scheme introduced by the state government is
not free because payments are still required for medical treatment and drugs.
The road network is poor and it has been remarked that there is need for a road to link Ndoni to Imo,
Anambra and Delta. Potholes and the lack of drainage damage vehicles and hinder access to markets.
Despite getting fairly good ratings many residents grumbled that the Ahoada East government could
step up transparency and accountability. The positive rating may be due to the fact people look at the
results more than the causes of their plight. Increased transparency and accountability would no doubt
improve service, delivery with quality and improved infrastructure for economic development.
Ahoada East feels it is providing many national resources to boost the nations coffers, yet the LGA has
suffered neglect in regards to education and health service delivery. It has poor infrastructural
development and a fragile peace system. There is permanent grumbling that the LGA has been
abandoned by the State Government.
Chart 17: Perceptions of Issues in Ahoada East
30
4.3
Ahoada-West
Many respondents in Ahoada-West complained about the lack of government presence and
responsibility to its people. Most residents are farmers and benefit little from any development or
initiatives. Promises of free education and health have yet to materialise. Pupils in Ahoada West are
charged tuition and toiletry fees while the school buildings are either in a poor state or under
construction. The construction time grossly shoots over any regular norm and causes suspicion that
some might never be completed due to corruptive practices. 86% of respondents either describe the
current condition of health services as poor or non-existent. The few functional health centres are overcrowded with patients and under-staffed. One doctor will be attending to more than 60 patients in the
cottage hospital in Akinima.
The road network is poor with absence of linkage roads to other nearby communities. The roads that do
exist are poorly maintained inhibiting access to markets, jobs and overall economic development.
Residents currently enjoy an uneasy tranquillity in Ahoada-West with security for the most part run by
vigilantes, often attached to criminal youth. This could be as a result of lack of other opportunities to
develop youth skills and initiatives. People complained that even when there are programmes for
empowerment access to it is selective, and places given to already favoured candidates perpetuating
the lack of social justice.
The state of service delivery in Ahoada West is poor. The general hospital, healthcare centres, roads,
bridges, electricity, provision of portable drinking water are all in a bad state which leads to an extreme
disillusion in politics. People generally believe that the State Government is not living up to its
responsibilities.
Almost every sector of life in Ahoada West begs for serious attention. Mostly job creation and the
provision of drinking water are a number one priority.
Chart 18 Perception of Issues in Ahoada West
31
4.4
Akuku Toru
The people of Akuku Toru (Akulga) are predominantly fishermen. They are versed in Rivers State
politics and have played a prominent role in the development of the state both politically and
economically. There is relative peace and security in the LGA owed to the general attempt by the
people themselves to maintain the present state enjoyed. As fishermen there are various complaints
about the devastating effects of past and present oil spills that have significantly reduced the amount of
fish in the rivers and destroyed aquatic life.
The Government has done well in the provision of bridges in the LGA but more needs to be done on
local roads which not only hinders the delivery of governmental services but also NGOs and
development aid does not reach them. Power supply is deemed relatively good in the area. The lack of
potable water in the area however is a cause for concern and help is required to develop boreholes.
Apart from the usual claims that the health system is far from free, the condition of the health centres is
deemed by 94% of respondents as adequate and even good.
The field survey highlighted that one of the major challenges faced in the LGA is the unavailability of
arable land. This is exacerbated by the rate of unemployment in the LGA and the fact that there is no
government initiative or scheme on ground to help meet some basic skills and provide star up finance
and support. Unemployed gangs of young people are engaging in criminal acts and disturbing the
peace. There is concern for the lack of implementation of local-local content and how jobs are
distributed by corrupt agents of the oil companies. It is felt that the education system is deeply flawed,
with a lack of facilities, quality teachers and equipment , with buildings in a poor state of repair. There is
no functional government school in Aku.
There is a feeling by the people that the government intentionally created a big lacuna to prevent the
populace from gaining knowledge on government expenditure.
Chart 19 Perception of issues in Akuku Toru
32
4.5. Andoni
The team spent two days in Andoni and visited the communities of Ngo, Ebukuma, Asalakiri, Agwut
Obolo, Egwede, Unyengala, Egendera, Inyong Orong and Asarama. The research teams concluded
that Andoni exemplifies the weaknesses in governance. It lacks even the most basic public services.
The people are mostly fishermen. Many would like to expand their livelihoods and establish business
ventures, but are prevented by the gross lack of electricity. The power shortage prevents storage
facilities and added value processing. Unemployment is rife in the area as the local government council
is the only employer.
Andoni is not connected to the national grid and more affluent dwellers depend on generators. In most
areas visited there is no access to good drinking water and a staggering figure of 88% of respondents
claim to have no access to clean water at all. In Ngo for instance, the only public source of drinking
water is a well regulated by the soldiers stationed there. In other areas like Agwut Obolo, Ngana,
Bukuma people walk long distances for water.
There is a pressing need for land reclamation and dike construction in areas like Egwede. A huge
percentage of roads in Andoni are simply dirt paths. The construction on a bridge connecting Andoni
has been abandoned with major consequence on the cost of living and connectivity to the other states.
Health care delivery is seriously affected by lack of resident staff, medical supplies and power. In the
general hospital in Ngo for instance, the only doctor available was a youth corps member. In Unyengala
community, the only comprehensive health centre is grossly dilapidated without a doctor, power supply,
and water. The situation is similar in other areas. Youth corps are sometimes the only teachers in
schools. School buildings in Asarama & Ngo are yet to be completed. One interviewee wishes that the
local school would hold a library and a laboratory.
The poverty in the area is almost overwhelming and as a result most young people are saving to move
to the city of Port Harcourt. Their political awareness or knowledge of any contesters for the state
election is minimal.
Chart 20 Perceptions of Public Services in Andoni
33
4.6. Asari-Toru
People of Asari Toru LGA (ASALGA) derive their income predominantly from fishing. They are political
consciousness. They complain about fragile security, unemployment, lack of good leadership, poor
infrastructure, poor service delivery and an absolute lack of basic amenities.
On the positive note residents of ASALGA enjoy relative peace compared to the past. Security is better
and people are able to go about their normal business without fear to either losing property or their lives.
For most of the respondents interviewed, they believe that the government does as it pleases without
reference to people’s views and opinions on any issue. The lack of access infrastructure is a primary
concern and illustrates the neglect by government. Those who have travelled outside their state
boundaries frequently mention the better conditions in Port Harcourt and surroundings. Roads are either
incomplete or have been abandoned as contractors have refused to go to site.
There is no empowerment scheme to foster skills or development provided by the government (whether
local, state or federal). Those available are private sector or NGO driven development efforts.
Most of the newly built model primary schools are either incomplete or have been abandoned due to a
lack of personnel or basic amenities such as electricity and water. The condition of the existing schools
are desolate both in the provision of services and manpower.
The state of most healthcare centres in the LGA is worrying and most respondents complain about the
associated costs in using those dilapidated services. Centres are in short supply of drugs or manpower.
Patients are taken to neighbouring communities or to the state capital for medical help.
Despite the complaints, residents remark that there has been some improvement of service delivery
with the current State administration. They understand that with more transparency and accountability
things would improve.
Chart 21 Perception of Public Services in Asari Toru
34
4.7
Bonny
Bonny enjoys comparatively more favourable conditions than most parts of the State due to many
private companies operating in the area. Yet, there is no dominant livelihood: some have jobs but the
majority are deriving income from fishing, trading and business. Most of the locals complain about the
local content policy and feel they are missing out on employment opportunities by the major companies.
There are various good schools in Bonny and the education status is relatively high. Yet, 30% still attest
it a poor standard and cite bad facilities and lack of teachers as the main reason for their dissatisfaction.
Housing is generally good with a steady supply of electricity although electricity is bought on recharge
cards and the ability to pay is dependent on household income.
80% deem their electricity supply as excellent. Interestingly, more 50% of respondents claim that the
electricity supply is the responsibility of oil companies. There is a general good provision of drinking
water with companies also supplying water. There are major roads but still some local link roads that
are in a poor state.
The survey also revealed, that Bonny still faces various challenges. Many people are HIV positive or
have cancer. Air and water are still contaminated by gas flares, despite regulations to stop the practice.
Whereas hospitals and health centres are in good working condition, they cannot keep up with the ongoing environmental pollution. The survey indicates as well that oil spillage is still a cause for concern.
Generally, people tend to feel secure in Bonny. Yet the high level of rape, secret kidnapping, and cases
of burying people alive raises concerns and the call for enhanced police presence arose in some
interviews. Crime is perceived to be the result of cultism and moreover young people who are angry
over unemployment. The blame is laid firmly on the companies that still seem to hire outsiders and are
failing in their CSR commitment to work with local people and train them as a matter of priority
Chart 22 Perception of Issues in Bonny
35
4.8
Degema
Degema LGA is characterised by its economy based on fishing. People seem to be well informed and
their level of awareness (although limited) suggests they are abreast with the activities of government.
They demand full implementation of all workable government policies and programmes.
The LGA’s performance in education however is failing. The team on ground experienced that both the
newly built schools and healthcare centres suffering from a lack of adequate manpower and supply of
drugs. This is mirrored in the various complaints of the interviewees where 70% are dissatisfied with the
current condition in education. The situation also applies to the health sector, where centres are without
adequate supply of drugs and under staffed.
There is also little government effort in the provision of infrastructure. The roads are in deplorable state.
Various respondents from Fouchee urge that the government complete abandoned project to finally link
Degema to Port Harcourt through a functioning bridge.
There is also a lack of initiatives for the development of human capacity. Respondents believe that this
has resulted in violence, alcoholism and crime. There are no established skills acquisition centres or
vocational training centres to fully engage and empower young people and aid them on their way to
economic prosperity. There are growing concerns that if nothing is done to provide job opportunities, the
existing relative peace and security could be compromised. There are speculations that security
personnel have left their duties to engage in illegal bunkering thereby making security porous.
There is doubt that the government is transparent and sincere in its activities. There is a firm belief that
the government uses a selective approach to reward loyalty. Both income and expenditure of
government is kept under wraps to avoid any probe in its activities.
Chart 23 Perception of Issues in Degema
36
4.9. Eleme
The team spent two days in Eleme LGA and visited Akpajo, Agbon-Nchia, Alesa, Aleto, Onne, Ogale,
Alode, Ebubu. The general state of Eleme is one of intense dissatisfaction with public services,
widespread political apathy and a feeling of neglect.
This is especially apparent in regards to access infrastructure. A typical example is the road that leads
to the council secretariat in Ogale. 70% of the respondents consider local feeder roads are more in an
unacceptable condition. Another point of concern is electricity where conditions are particularly poor, i.e.
in Ejamah Ebugu, Onne respondents reported that there has been no power supply for over 5 months.
Water does not fair much better despite the ‘emergency water supply’ project of the State Government
in areas like Ogale and Aleto.
The health centres in most areas are functional. Respondents spoke of the need free medical
programme for the medically vulnerable especially in the Agbonchia area. It was observed that there
was a shortage of medical supplies. People talked of the insincerity of government concerning promises
of free primary education. In Onne fees are still demanded from parents.
Vigilante groups operate in the area and in some parts of the LGA curfews are in operation as in
Agbonchia and Aleto. Some of the respondents expressed fears that if the vigilantes are banned, then
peace might be disrupted.
Some respondents also commented on the lack of an established government skills acquisition
programme or loan scheme in the area. Most of the unemployed youth take to commercial motorbike
riding despite it being banned by the State Government. The people also claim, that large companies
hesitate to employ locals.
The condition of the area has generated a feeling of hopelessness amongst the people. There is a lack
of trust in politicians, Governments and their unfulfilled promises. The discomfort resulting from the lack
of basic infrastructure has led to most workers, even those of the local government council to reside in
Port Harcourt.
Chart 24 Perceptions of issues in Eleme
37
4.10 Emohua
Emohua is a state dominated by agriculture, where farmers also engage in fishing and other trading
businesses. The researchers observed that peace is valued in Emohua. The current level of peace has
been instigated by the state Government. Most people can now go about their normal business without
fear and intimidation. Interestingly about 30% of respondents attach the current peace in the area to
development to personal efforts made, and the use of dialogue to settle disputes. 70% think the
Government is responsible and call for the instalment of a police station, i.e. in Ogbakiri.
It was further observed that the newly built model primary schools helped in boosting the education
system in Emohua. Parents are willing more than ever to send their children to school and the pupils are
enthusiastic about going. Old school buildings are being refurbished to boost the current attempt to
change the face of education in Rivers state. Yet, still 70% of respondents think that there is room for
improvement in the provision of education. Many schools have been burnt during the crisis and are in
urgent need of reconstruction. The secondary school lacks a library and there are still children learning
whilst sitting on mats on the floor or being taught by their own community rather than a state school.
Similarly to education, Emohua has also benefitted from recent input into the health sector and the
newly built healthcare centres have impacted positively on the living conditions of the people.
These developments have altered people’s views about government performance positively, but there is
still plenty of room for improvement: The government is according to the people not transparent enough
and should carry the people along in the scheme of things.
Other than the development of the East-West road, access infrastructure is the main disappointment in
the area. Local roads are in a terrible condition.
Another complaint relates to the lack of vocational schools and initiatives to help deliver Statesponsored human Capacity Development programmes.
Chart 25 Perceptions of Issues in Emohua
38
4.11 Etche
The survey was conducted in four communities in Etche LGA (Chokochi, Okehi, Okomoko, Igbodu). The
predominant livelihoods are farming and petty trading. Few work in the Local Government Council.
The researchers found that oil spillage is not very visible in the area, yet the environmental degradation
is the major concern of the residents.
The education levels are low and the schools in the areas visited especially in Igbodo are in a poor
state. Okehi and Chokochi have benefitted from recent government efforts in the construction of model
primary school with an over-inflated price. The Governor has plans to start construction in Igbodo, one
of the largest communities in Etche.11
There is a high level of insecurity blamed on the lack of opportunities available for the youth. The
research team saw through personal observations and feedback from respondents that there are cases
of rape, stealing, theft and other violent activities on a daily basis. This is blamed firmly on the lack of
opportunities for youth. One respondent from Okehi warned the team: “I cannot assure you of your
security here. People get killed every day”. Another respondent called for more security forces in the
area although many believe that police are also complicit in harassing people, and demanding bribes.
Prisons are overcrowded and justice is not swiftly served.
Where as the main inter LGA roads are in reasonable condition and thanks is given to the Amaechi
Government, the feeder and local roads within the LGA are poor and not maintained. Basic services
such as access to water are lacking and electricity supply is very intermittent, often months without any
supply. There is one general hospital in the LGA which is currently non operational and few undermanned health centres. Many resort to traditional attendants and methods of healing. The infrastructure
system in Etche is very poor. Most citizens live in aluminium huts.
Priorities include the clear up of oil spills, increased transparency and accountability to provide better
services, youth empowerment and awareness on how to be self-employed. They also need the
government intervention on peace and security and the speedy access to justice.
Chart 26 Perception of Issues in Etche
11
Nengia, Kevin, The Tide, November 2012, http://www.thetidenewsonline.com/2012/11/14/rsg-spends-n7-2bn-on-schools-in-etche/
39
4.12 Gokana
The research team spent two days in Gokana LGA and visited fifteen communities and concluded that
the recurring failures of successive administrations and repeated broken promises have generated a
feeling of distrust in the system and disaffection for politicians.
Gokana is part of the Ogoni Delta and plagued by oil spills in the past. It still suffers from the major oil
spills of 2004 and 2008 that occurred after equipment of Shell’s pipeline failed. Newspaper articles paint
a picture of the dire situation. "The devastation here caused by the oil spill is criminal because we
cannot plant or grow anything anymore. There is no government or Shell presence. Our people can no
longer fish. There are weeks we bury about fifteen people at a stretch. Our women suffer miscarriages
every time while the children have been subjected to all manner of skin diseases and untimely death,"12
said Alhaji Kobani in 2011. Another resident says: “The effect is all around us, the rivers, the streams,
farm land and there is no compensation at all.” The Gokana people make urgent calls for assessment of
damaged farmlands and water bodies and proper compensation and clean up. In fact many
interviewees complain about the absence of adequate compensation and that the government rather
evades all responsibility and silences the problem instead of addressing it.
Service delivery is poor particularly in Deeyor and Biara with the primary health centres supplied with
little equipment and drugs. Although Primary schools are in existence, the planned model Secondary
school has yet to be built. Some attribute it to misappropriation of funds by a serving senator of the
senatorial district. There are very few teachers in schools in the area. Most communities visited lack
internal roads with 82% attaching it a poor condition. The power situation is erratic in the local
government with fair supply in few areas like Mogho. There are water supply units in some areas but
residents in Biara and Mogho have to walk long distances to fetch water still.
Peace has improved and the crisis between K-Dere and B-Dere has subsided. Military presence is
visible in some parts like, Mogho and Kpor, however some respondents remarked ‘there maybe more
peace but there is still a lack of security!
Chart 27 Perception of Issues in Gokana
12
Daily Champion, September 2011 http://allafrica.com/stories/201109200614.html
40
4.13 Ikwerre
The survey in Ikwerre revealed that people are challenged by poor access infrastructure, which hinders
the ability to take produce to market and precludes economic growth. Environmental degradation and oil
spills further exacerbate the poor situation.
Ikwerre is plagued by a poor road network that often floods in the rainy season. Some commentators
refer to the negative impact of the road diversion from Isiokpo to Elele to a road that is in the same poor
state of repair. The lack of bridges and culverts compound the problem.
80% of the respondents complained about the poor access to water access and lament that the state
fails to listen to their concerns. The access to power is slightly better and relatively stable in some
areas. In other villages residents have been without electricity for months and people live in mud
houses.
The educational system in Ikwerre LGA is encouraging with 70% of respondents assessing it positively.
There are good schools, both private and public schools, and importantly, children are attending school.
There is a similar with the health sector where there are good hospitals, health centres and maternity
homes.
The LGA experiences relative peace, however, this is largely due to the chiefs and vigilante in the
community instead of state security. The people generally trust their Elders and local chiefs more than
the State government. They make their local laws and abide by it.
Our research team thus concludes, that the people of Ikwerre are not really pleased with the present
government because they are not seeing any measurable improvement from Government policies.
From observations, it is their elders and chiefs that do most of the governing.
Chart 28 Perception of Issues in Ikwerre
41
4.14 Khana
A two-day survey in the communities of Wiyakara, Luawii, Kaani, Gwuara, Sii, Kaa, Beeri, Kpong and
Zaakpong confirmed that this LGA is facing severe challenges. The area is plagued with poverty and
illiteracy and the people blame it on neglect by corrupt public officers. Khana is the seat of the Ogoni
struggle. There is still a firm rejection of the Nigerian Government. The secessionist movement situated
in Bori, the capital of the LGA, is still popular. These feelings are aided by the general high
unemployment rate. Despite the skills development centre project in Bori, respondents claim that there
is little the government effort to empower youths.
As in Gokana, there was considerable hostility to the survey. In one incident the team leader was
beaten. Some of the politically active argue that an Ogoni person should be elected as the next
Governor.
The past oil spills have left most communities with environmental devastation. Some communities like
Beeri and Wiyakara have had most of their farmlands destroyed. A man in Zaakpong laments that the
government neglects its duty to ensure clean-ups.
Some dwellers in the Bori outskirts claim that electric power was last provided during the previous
administration (at least 5 years ago). There is no public water supply in most communities visited. 99%
of the respondents confirm this perception. There is a private solar water project in Bane that offers
some relief to the people. Roads are generally in a very poor state and most internal roads not tarred.
The research team has also visited government health centres and schools in some communities.
Some are in good working condition e.g. Beeri health centre. However, there are still people that do not
have access to health facilities, as is the case in Zaakpong. There is shortage of medical personnel in
most government health facilities and a lack of drugs generally. People are not allowed to access
healthcare in other communities if there is a shortfall in their own. Some of the schools are still
incomplete and there is a lack of teachers and teaching aids.
Chart 29 Perceptions of Issues in Khana
42
4.15. Obio-Akpor
The research team generated over one hundred interviews in Obio/Akpor. Their major source of
livelihood is business, farming and trading with a portion also in formal employment by industrial
companies.
The respondents revealed that this LGA has benefitted positively from the Government. This is mirrored
in their relative good quality of educational services where 75% of respondents attest the government
has a positive record. This can also be attested to the DemoChartics with half of the respondents
attending university. Yet, many of the schools lack quality teachers and facilities such as libraries or
laboratories. Hospitals, clinics, and health centres are generally in good working condition.
In general the condition of the road is good, there is also an ample amount of parks, good houses and
bridges. Almost all communities have access to potable water, yet, many claim this was not supported
by the government but oil companies, donor agencies and NGOs. In some areas the electricity supply is
almost constant, but for areas, which are not on the national grid or more remote there is still a cause
for concern.
The Peace and Security level has improved since this government took office with 82% stating they feel
the condition is excellent to fair.
Oil spills are listed as one of their major concerns, followed by job racketeering and the lack of potable
water for all.
There seems to be an awareness of the importance of transparency and accountability directly linked
with the provision of services. Whereas they are still concerned about the lack of graduate level jobs,
the feeling that the rich get richer and the poor are prevented from accessing equal opportunities, they
have seen improvements in their life from the current administration and outside support.
Chart 30 Perception of issues in Obio/Akpor
43
4.16
Ogba / Egbma / Ndoni
Ogba / Egbma / Ndoni (ONELGA) is a major contributor to Nigeria’s wealth through its natural resources
(crude oil) and is host to several multinational corporations such as Chevron and Total. Yet, there is little
tangible benefit to the people. One of the respondents remarked, “ONELGA is the goose that lay the
golden eggs. But alas! It seems like the goose is been left to die”. This is an LGA that has contributed
much to the national treasury but has had little in return.
The education sector is deemed to be in a poor condition. The classrooms are dilapidated, buildings
abandoned and there is a shortage of teachers with some more interested in their private business than
teaching. The envisioned model primary schools in some areas are still under construction after two
years, while others have been abandoned. The free education scheme is a failure practical terms
because pupils still pay fees tuition fees, sanitation fees.
Access to roads is considered positively in the survey. Yet, the research team remarked, that only one
road was constructed by the federal government. Interviewees complained about the abandoned water
projects by the NDCC and ranked water as their highest concern.
Multinational companies like AGIP or LNG provide most of the healthcare centres. Private companies
also invest in human capacity development within the scope of their Corporate Social Responsibility, but
there is little government presence felt. To the people of ONELGA, the Government is not accountable
and several demand that the government reaches out to them to enquire about their problems and
finally help to improve their living conditions.
Residents in all communities suffer from a high crime rate. The situation is further compromised as
there is little or no governmental security presence. A civil society representative revealed to the
research team in confidence that the only police station in the LGA is equipped with only one workable
rifle. There is a high crime rate with on-going kidnappings and killings. Despite this, the quantitative data
reveals that security is the least of their problems. The government could do well to make its presence
felt through human capacity development, infrastructural development, effective service deliveries etc.
Chart 31 Perception of issues in ONELGA
44
4.17 Ogu / Bolo
Next to Ogu and Bolo the field team visited Wakama community. Originally the LGA was populated by
fishermen but now there are few and many unemployed. The reason given is pollution from oil spills,
which causes much concern among participants.
Respondents attributed this to absence of government support via loans and vocational training
programmes. There is a popular view of the State Government not being responsive enough this is
especially visible in the educational sector and infrastructure, where schools are in a poor state and
there are few teachers.
In Wakama there is only one nursery school and the respondents fear they will never witness the
completion of Bolo Bridge due to the slow pace of building.
Power supply is stable in Ogu relative to other communities, which results in the satisfaction of all
respondents, only in Wakama the condition is slightly worse.
Access to water is above average in the LGA as there are boreholes and some supply by the NDCC,
but there is a need for replacement of old and broken pipes in Ogu and expansion of water supply
coverage in Wakama.
The health centres are functioning properly particularly the one at Ogu. There is also a mobile hospital
initiative supported by Intel. However there is no health centre in Wakama. There is heavy military
presence in most areas particularly in Ogu.
The people are generally politically aware. Overall there is dissatisfaction with the current government
and the people believe this is because the system is weak.
Chart 32 Perceptions in Ogba/Bolo
45
4.18 Okrika
The Research team conducted a two-day survey in various communities to ascertain the effectiveness
of state government. There used to be many fishermen in Okrika but the quality of rivers has declined
due to oil spills causing environmental pollution. People feel they are grossly neglected in this regard
with a government that turns its back and oil companies that blame the communities themselves for
sabotage.
Many people in Okrika felt quite insecure in giving out information. There are a large number of different
NGOs registered but most fulfil political purposes and exist mainly for politicians in efforts to secure their
re-election. There is a high level of corruption in Okrika. One interviewee from Akinima states: “ The
system is so bad that even the judiciary cannot prosecute corrupt leaders.“
The housing system in Okrika is poor with many old houses that need renovation. Roads are of an
average standard with 70% attesting them a fair to good condition. Yet, there are many accidents with
one respondent reporting that there has not been one accident free day in Okrika due to bad roads.
Electric power supply is fair but unstable and there is good access to water in almost all compounds.
There are health centres and traditional birth attendants. Many people prefer going to traditional healers
as this is cheaper than government hospitals. Most of the schools lack teachers. Many of the youths in
Okrika feel that secondary education is the highest form of qualification they can obtain.
The LGA enjoys relative peace as compared to other years but cases of restiveness still exist, also
military presence is quite high in Okrika. There is little transparency and accountability of leaders. The
team left with the impression that most are taking up responsibility for their own situation, as they are
disappointed with the government to provide livelihood opportunities. This results in most of the youths
leaving school early and instead engaging in bunkering and other illegal affairs. Many of the
respondents lament that this stems form a bad attitude of the youth themselves. There is a feeling they
would not take advantage of the few chances offered.
Chart 33 Perception of issues in Okrika LGA
46
4.19 Omuma
Most people in Omuma earn their living as farmers and fishermen or engage in small trade and
business activities. They are constrained with regards to choice of livelihoods, as there are no
companies offering employment.
The LGA has several good roads, schools and houses, but there is no central market or motor parks
and feeder roads are poor. Hospitals health centres were reported to be affordable and there is access
generally in every community. Local government have built most of the schools. There are a few private
schools, but ordinary citizens cannot afford them.
Electricity was reported to be very intermittent and in some areas there was none at all. Water access
was seen as another issue of concern. Above this was the issue of pollution caused by oil spills and
where over 90% believed that action should be taken.
The respondents were very cynical about their leaders and felt there were self serving at best and
corrupt at worst.
From observation, the people of Omuma need empowerment especially the youths. From the survey,
the people are hardworking and willing to grow, but they have no source of empowerment. Several
respondents lament that there are no major companies operating in the area and the few available jobs
are distributed through nepotism instead of merit.
The major problem is poverty, which can only be addressed with economic development and better
infrastructure.
Chart 34 Perception of issues in Omuma
47
4.20 Opobo / Nekoro
The local government consist of various communities far apart and only accessible by waterways. Apart
from the local government council, there is no other major employer. Government skill acquisition
programmes in Opobo have not been well received and are non-existent in Nkoro.
In Opobo the local government provides light for residents on weekends. There is no connection to the
national grid and as one respondent commented: “The situation of water is just as bad as electricity.”
The road network is deemed acceptable by most of the respondents with only 30% attesting it poor
conditions.
The state government primary school in Opobo is not in use because it is still under construction.
Respondents commented that there are very few teachers available in the schools.
The research team visited one health centre in Opobo that was in a dire condition with very poor
sanitation. People resort to consult chemists for treatment. There are frequent cases of malaria and
other water borne diseases. There is no police station in Nkoro, but the situation is reported to be
generally peaceful.
Oil Spills and local content are the main concerns of the people.
The people are generally tired of the government and showed signs of political apathy; however there is
a visible movement for governorship by most of the people with Dakuku Peterside, a local candidate as
the preferred choice.
Chart 35 Perception of Issues in Opobo/Nekoro
48
4.21 Oyigbo
Oyigbo residents are predominantly farmers. It is an oil and gas producing LGA that consequently
demands much from the government and companies situated in it. The team visited Afam, Mirinwanyi,
Ubunku, Umuosi, Ayama, Obigbo, Obeama, Izuoma, Kom Kom, Okpontu, Obete, Oboji and Obeakpu.
There is one major road linking communities in Oyigbo. Its condition though fair is in need of repairs
especially in some areas like in Obeakpu where a ditch has formed across it. However, the internal link
roads are in terrible condition for example the Kom Kom market road (Picture 5) or linkage roads in
Umuabayi. Health centres visited have resident doctors but are in need of regular medical supplies
especially in Obeakpu and Umuabayi. In Umuabayi the NDDC health centre is not in use due to its poor
state.
Many government schools are either ‘still under construction’ such as in Afam, or completely abandoned
and overgrown with weeds as in Umuabayi. All schools lack teachers. Power supply is relatively good to
other local government areas with SPDC providing power for some communities. There are either
government or company built boreholes or wells in every community visited. Yet, 63% of respondents
are still unhappy with the supply, for example in Obeama the boreholes are rarely functioning.
Respondents in Ayama and Ubunku decried the gas emission from the Afam power plant as harmful.
Some were also dissatisfied with efforts to clean up past oil spills.
There is only one functional crafts development centre in Obeakpu. There is no loan scheme in the area
although agricultural cooperatives have taken steps to alert government. Some local industries like the
oil mill in Ubunku provide employment opportunities for some, yet there is still a large percentage of
unemployed everywhere in the LGA. Despite that, people have a feeling of relative security as 25% say
the condition of peace is good or fair.
The research team concluded that there is a general feeling of disappointment and neglect. The people
are politically undecided, and are willing to cooperate with any trustworthy and well-meaning person.
Chart 36 Perception of issues in Oyibo
49
4.22
Port Harcourt
As the state capital Port Harcourt receives most of the attention of the State Government in terms of
development projects. This creates opportunities for the people. Various programs for skills acquisition
are sponsored by the RSSDA (Rivers State Sustainable Development Agency). Yet, despite the fact
that most of the projects and development is situated in PHALGA, over one hundred interviews
collected by the research team reveals that residents still have various challenges. There are
complaints that a lot of opportunities are reserved for officials’ relatives and overlook people in need.
Especially in the rural parts of Port Harcourt LGA oil spills are a major concern.
There is enough water supply in Port Harcourt as well as electricity, but the LGA still experience
shortages in some remote areas.
There are many good schools in Port Harcourt and close to 70% are generally satisfied with the offer.
Popular complaints are that high fees are attached to the existing schools even in the newly government
built schools, there buildings need maintenance and teachers’ salaries are too low.
The infrastructure system is fair and Port Harcourt benefits from plenty of roads. The main complaint of
the people is that the government demolishes houses to make room for projects without proper
compensation. This has hit the news in summer 2012 when the Chibuike Rotimi Amaechi-led
administration demolished part of the slums, where over 80% of Port Harcourt residents stay. This was
not only part of the administration's urban renewal policy, but a move to check activities of criminallyminded persons who use the waterfronts as operational bases.13
Most residents enjoy a relative stable peaceful environment. 80% of respondents confirm this and report
the condition as good or fair. Yet, many places are being secured by vigilantes in the communities and
there are complaints that security staff needs proper training.
Chart 37 Perception of Issues in Port Harcourt
13
ANAYO ONUKWUGHA, http://allafrica.com/stories/201206110203.html, June 2012
50
4.23 Tai
The survey was undertaken in ten towns in Tai LGA namely Sakpenwa, Kira, Gio, Botem, Kpite, KoroKoro, Koroma, Nonwa, Bunu, Seme and Barayira. Most of the dwellers are subsistent farmers and
fishermen. The State Government has established farms in some areas where the arable land has not
been affected by the oil spills i.e. the banana farm in Koro-Koro; Songhai farm in Bunu; fish farm, in
Kira. From respondents it was gathered that there has not been any loan scheme in the area.
Tai is one of the Ogoni LGAs and a major oil producing industry, but the impacts of the industry have
now resulted in further oil exploration being banned. The oil spillages in the area have resulted in almost
irreversible damage. Farmlands are no longer usable in most communities. Rivers such as the Gio
community river no longer have fish and Kpite and Koro-Koro have contaminated water. Many informed
residents demand the implementation of the UNEP report.
Security is locally coordinated in cooperation with the police. There are calls however for the vigilante to
be properly taken care of by the local government.
Roads are in a poor state, there is erratic power supply and water is heavily contaminated. There are
solar powered water plants in some areas like Botem and Gio. The status of education is generally low
which is attributed to the low academic standards in most schools and teachers have a very poor work
ethos. Another respondent from Kira laments that there is only one school in the community, but it lacks
desk and teachers. Health centres are functional but there is a shortage of medicine and equipment.
Though there is widespread poverty in the area, the people still have hope and respect for their
traditional institutions. For instance the affinity to the Gbenemene Tua-Tua Tai 1, the traditional ruler of
Tai, makes the people function as a single political unit.
Chart 38 Perception of issues in Tai
51
5.
Feedback from Local Government Authority Respondents
5.1
Introduction
The LGA responses to the consultation process gave cause for alarm for many reasons. Firstly, on
visiting the LGA offices few were actually at work. A multitude of reasons were given for this, but the
main one was few live in the area and commute from Port Harcourt. As the access infrastructure is
poor, attendance at work is poor.
Suggestions have been made for the state to provide accommodation for LGA officers, improve roads,
bridges and water transport to overcome this. Enterprising locals could provide rental accommodation
for workers. Also in some African countries, the employment contract provides a) a housing allowance
and b) a pre-requisite that public servants live in the LGA where they are assigned. This ensures that
there is both commitment to develop the area and full attendance at work.
The second issue to give cause for alarm was the hostility towards the researchers in many of the LGAs
including Etche, Kana and Gokana. Whereas the suggestions from many recommended that the State
Government should do more ‘consultation’ and ‘monitoring’, and this was a ‘consultation exercise’,
words and actions appear to be very different.
Thirdly, there was no indication that LGA officers took responsibility for anything. On visiting the
Nigerian Government official website it indicated that the LGA responsibilities include ‘Establishment,
maintenance and regulation of markets, motor parks and public conveniences as well as the
construction and maintenance of roads, streets, drains and other public highways, parks, open spaces,
or such public facilities14, and yet these were the very things that the LGAs were recommending that the
State Government should provide. Undoubtedly most of the funds to be able to achieve this would come
from their monthly drawdowns from the State with additional funds from their own local taxes, but there
appeared to be a denial that the provision of local infrastructure was any of their business. Is this
because State funding stops half way through, or corruptive practices locally ‘chop’ available funds
before the project can be completed?
Fourthly, it appears that corrupt personnel and politicians have seized public works contracts, promising
a large percentage of the contract for the ‘finders fee’ and which has resulted in numerous unfinished
projects and the failure to provide basic services and infrastructure for the general populace. Again
respondents’ suggestions firmly indicate that corruption should be halted, that offenders should be
prosecuted, assets seized and there should be accountability through on-going monitoring.
Finally, there was a disturbing trend of ‘rent seeking activities’ by some LGA officers. Charges are
demanded from local citizens to carry out tasks for which their salary is meant to cover. This includes
collusion with Oil Company Agents with regards to local work opportunities. Forms are being sold and
payments are demanded to submit these forms and even to review the forms.
14
http://www.onlinenigeria.com
52
5.2
LGA Respondents Suggestions on Education
The priority as far as the LGA workers are concerned is that there should be more qualified teachers
provided to the schools. Bearing in mind that many of the grassroots respondents stated that teachers
for one reason or another had a poor work ethic, including other livelihoods to which teaching became a
secondary occupation, the provision of teachers alone will make little impact. If this suggestion were to
be actioned, newly appointed teachers must have at least one week’s orientation on their commitment
to the job, fair pay and in areas where facilities are poor, accommodation included.
The second priority was to monitor any projects related to education, especially in relation to new
schools development and this would include the current initiative to build model primary and secondary
schools. The grassroots survey all too often reported school building contracts started, but three years
later, school buildings were still not completed. The average price to build a model school as indicated
in the interviews was over 7 billion Naira. This seems a huge amount of money to build one school! One
would have to ask how this money is drawn down and whether there is indeed monitoring of the spend
as relates to progression of the build? How and to whom the contracts were issued and who manages
the contracts. If further waste of money is to be avoided, fail-safe management systems need to be put
in place.
Chart 39 LGA suggestions on education
LGA Respondents Suggestions on Education
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Content with Emphasise
Education
the
Services importance
of Education
to Parents
Improve
Literacy
Levels
Improve
Teacher
Welfare
Invest in
Rural
Education
Monitor
Education
Service
Provision
Provide Provide More Cater for
Nursery,
Affordable Qualified
Secondary,
Education
Staff /
Teaching Vocational &
Tertitary
Aids
Education
‘Free education’ was also demanded by all respondents, however the definition of free education is
unclear. Some stated that tuition was free, but others said that they still had to pay tuition, one woman
saying she paid N28,000 for two of her children. Other levies were also charged such as sanitation. If a
Government is going to offer anything for free, it should be clear exactly what ‘free’ means.
Although not high on the priority list, many made the point that primary schools should be followed up by
affordable secondary, technical, vocational and tertiary education is important. From a gender
perspective, nursery education is important to allow women to work effectively as well.
53
5.3
LGA Respondents Suggestions on Health
Similar suggestions were brought up during discussions on health. Topping the list again was ‘more
qualified staff and drugs’. Some health care centres around the LGAs were found to be run by Youth
Corp members only. Some never had any doctor in attendance and where there were health care
professionals, they lacked the drugs to cure the ailment. Where possible, some travelled to Port
Harcourt to get what they felt was more adequate treatment. It takes time to train doctors and nurses so
there is no immediate fix. However there are already trained doctors and nurses who would be prepared
to work in the more remote areas if the incentives were right or if there was a rotational system put in
place using doctors based in Port Harcourt.
‘Free Medical Care’ also was brought up by all respondents and again, there were complaints that in
some cases, this was not the case at all, or that the ‘consultation’ was free, but not the drugs. Again,
clarity on ‘free’ needs to be made known widely by the public to manage expectations.
Most people were aware of health centres being planned and contracts awarded, but delivery of finished
buildings also became an issue, with allegations of corrupt officials and cowboy contractors. There were
calls for monitoring, accountability and transparency on all health initiatives, but especially with regards
to building works. One would again have to ask how this money is drawn down and whether there is
indeed monitoring of the spend as relates to progression of the build? How and to whom the contracts
were issued and who manages the contracts. If further waste of money is to be avoided, fail-safe
management systems need to be put in place.
There were suggestions from various LGAs on the type of specific medical care that needs special
assistance, namely cancer, HIV/AIDS and reproductive care. Many blamed the oil spillages for the
various cancers being experienced in the communities especially with children. Frequent miscarriages
were also blamed on environmental pollution. Further to the UNEP report, it appears likely that there is
some truth in this, in which case cancer care for those in the rural areas needs to be addressed. Bonny
specifically mentions HIV/AIDs, although there are now various donor agencies and NGOs with a
variety of initiatives handling this. The question is what is the State doing?
54
5.4
LGA Respondents Suggestions on Access and Utility Infrastructure
In order to attract investors into the rural areas, it is felt strongly by all respondents that infrastructure
needs to be radically improved.
Chart 40 LGA on Infrastructure
This was not limited to the provision of access infrastructure such as inter-LGA roads and feeder roads,
including adequate drainage systems, culverts, hard-wearing services and bridges, but also the
provision of electricity, water and communications systems. It was felt that inward investment would
provide jobs and stimulate other economic activity including the provision of goods and services for the
private sector. Additionally where agriculture and fishing is still being carried out, it could stimulate the
demand for produce and catches. This again needs investment in the market places, which is under the
remit of the LGAs, as existing markets are poorly maintained and inadequate.
55
5.5
LGA Respondents Suggestions on Livelihoods, Youth and Gender and Peace and Security
The three charts below on Livelihoods, Youth and Gender Opportunities as well as Peace and Security
are all inextricably linked. The restiveness has been firmly be blamed on the lack of development
because there are so many unemployed and so few have the requisite skills and start up finance to
develop a sustainable livelihoods to contribute to the well being of their families.
Chart 41 LGA on Livelihoods
LGA RESPONDENTS
on Livelihoods
80
60
40
20
0
Additionally rural development has been neglected detracting investors and SMEs development. The
availability for jobs in the rural areas is limited to the civil service. Whereas the oil companies do have
occasional job opportunities, for the most part this relates to casual labour and menial tasks. In the
system, these jobs are normally handed out to ‘connected people’ and therefore creating resentment.
Chart 42 LGA ON YOUTH AND GENDER PRIORITIES
LGA RESPONDENTS
Gender & Youth Priorities
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Accountability Consultation
Fight
Corruption
Rural
Skills Training
Economic
&
Development Scholarships
High on the list of priorities is to provide not only funding at training centres but post-training start up
funding as well.
56
5.6
LGA Respondents Suggestions on Peace And Security
The results above which indicate that the majority of those interviewed were content with the current
security are fairly astonishing, as their later comments seem to indicate that this is not the case in
reality.
Chart 43 LGA on Peace and Security
Potentially the response captured in a quantitative format could be a result of ‘comparatively speaking’
indicating that where as before the lack of peace and security was intolerable, things have improved
relatively during this current administration.
Some believe that it is the vigilantes that have maintained this relative peace, and they should be put on
the payroll of Government and supported. Others are firmly convinced that the vigilantes although may
have some role to play are more interested in illegal activities and bully and intimidate people into
submission. Combined with the inadequate provision of a functioning police force, members of which
are also accused of intimidation and bribery, the situation ‘comparatively speaking’ with the rest of
Nigeria, still remains dire.
One thing that was very clear is that the judiciary system was unable to support any attempt at providing
justice, people languish in jail for so long awaiting trial and then are able to bribe their way out of any
crimes committed.
57
5.7
LGA Respondents Suggestions on Improving Accountability and Addressing Corruption
There is an obvious linkage between accountability and corruption as without the first the second cannot
thrive, and from the respondents perspective, corruption is the only business that is booming. There
were specific demands to know what money is passing to the LGAs and the purpose for which it is
provided. It is presumed that this comes from the initiative Obasanjo set up whilst in office, to publish
monthly what is going to the individual State Governments every month.
Chart 44 LGA respondents on Accountability
LGA RESPONDENTS
on Improving Accountability
Address Corruption
49% 21% 19% 11% Consultation
Monitoring
Publish Monthly LGA
Funds
It was felt strongly by respondents that there should be prosecution of corrupt officials and contractors,
who took money but did not deliver. Beyond this they want to see these ‘thieves’ imprisoned for their
crimes and if possible pay the money stolen back.
Chart 45 LGA on corruption
LGA Respondents
on Addressing Corruption
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Generally it was felt that mind set changes are required, a branding of a new wave of thinking
about each and everybody’s role and responsibility in society and their living environment. This
is very difficult to achieve when for so long leaders have led the charge of ‘what’s in it for me?’
and where daily life for them is one of basic survival.
58
Feedback from Civil Society
The feedback from representatives of the Civil Society mirrors closely the findings of the other two
groups of respondents, Local Government Authorities and Grassroots. The vast majority of CSOs are
severely disappointed with the service delivery and performance of the current government.
Chart 46: Civil Society Perception of current Government activities
Civil Society Perception of Current Government Activities
120
Good (%)
Fair (%)
100
Percentage
6.
Poor (%)
80
60
40
20
0
The representatives of the civil society attest that the previous government had a very poor record. Only
Okrika, Ikwerre, Obio/Akpor and Omuma stand out as positive examples. However as only one person
was interviewed in Ikwerre and Omuma LGAs, the response is unreliable to attest the case. In
Obio/Akpor, free polio vaccinations, relative improvement in the education sector and relatively decent
infrastructure were highlighted as beneficial.
Chart 47: Are current policies sufficient for the vulnerable and the poor?
Policies for the Vulnerable and Poor
7% 2%
No
Yes
25%
66%
Ahoada West’s people feel that the Government has failed them in all areas. No Government project
was highlighted to benefit the people and the mood was characterized by extreme dissatisfaction. One
commentator from Ahoada East commented: “Policies are only good on paper.”
59
Chart 48: Civil Society Perception of Performance by Category
Civil Society Perception of Perfomance by Category
Percentage
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Good (%)
Fair (%)
Poor (%)
A quarter of people affirmed that there are some policies that benefit the poor over the past four years,
highlighting free education, polio vaccinations and some road construction. One respondent from
Obio/Akpor said; “The expansion of the Elekaija and stadium roads have greatly reduced the traffic
congestions.” A member of the Great Sokobe Transformation Team in Okrika named the installation of
solar powered street lamps as a great improvement.
This is compared to 51% of all respondents could not name a single policy initiative from the previous
government that had benefitted them.
The most neglected areas were deemed as the lack of access to sustainable jobs and vocational
training. Many of the comments also refer to further access to microfinance schemes and credits for
subsistence farmers and petty traders as well as help to set up cooperatives.
Chart 49 Beneficial Policies for Civil Society
Beneficial Policies for Civil Society
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
CSO Respondents reiterated that candidates for Governorship should be fully committed to rural
development and not just focus their attention on Port Harcourt.
60
7
Policy Priorities Summary
The chapters above have provided an insight from the grassroots, the LGAs and Civil Society groups.
There are considerable differences between the LGAs opinion on different services delivery. In some
cases roads are good but public health and education facilities fall far short of expectation. Overall the
perceptions of success and failures are as follows:
Chart 50: LGA on successful policies to date
LGA RESPONDENTS
Successful Polices to Date
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Series1 The model school programme has been gratefully accepted, however the comments suggest that in
many areas the buildings have not be completed, or even started. Free education has also been
welcomed, but many contest that ‘free’ does not actually mean ‘free’ and that schools are actually
making ad hoc charges for a variety of so-called services. Again whilst education shows a comparative
approval from the respondents, further dissatisfaction came from both the quality of education,
complaining of absenteeism of teachers and lack of teaching aids.
Chart 51: LGA on Government Failures
LGA RESPONDENTS
on Government Failures
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
61
Most assign the lack of jobs to the lack of rural development and infrastructure generally, and this is
blamed entirely on unfettered ability for officers and contractors corruption.
Suggestions on Public Service
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
Community
Infrastructure Improved
Road
Electrification Education
Social
Develop,
Projects &
Provision &
Complete & Amenities Improvement & Leadership & Construction &
Representation
Youth
Provision & Maintenance Accountability Improvement
Maintain
Empowerment
Improvement
Projects
Suggestions on Access to Jobs
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
Increase Vocational Targeted Policies to Development of
Training
Train & Empower Finance & Access to
Youth
Loans
Increase State
Employment
Opportunities
Support & Untertake
Investment Activities
Fight Corruption
Grassroot Suggestions For
Transparency and Accountability
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Election of
Trustworthy People
Establish &
Implement
Monitoring
Rule of Law
Proper Use of
Public Resources
Strengthen
Empower & Involve
Electoral System
People in
Accountability
62
Selected Abstracts on Advice to the State Government from LGA Workers
CONSULT
MONITOR
STOP
POLITICISATION
PATRIOTISM
Consult with the people
before politicking
Independent bodies
should monitor
Projects
APPOINT
PROFESSIONALS
Stop nepotism - Only
professionals should get
the civil service jobs.
DECENTRALISE GOV
IMPROVE QUALITY
ELECTRICITY
OF SERVICES
Government should
Government should
Connect all LGAs to
provide free health &
deliver quality services
the National Grid
education
to the people
STOP PH MONORAIL IMPLEMENTATION
WATER
Decongest Port Harcourt
and decentralise
government
Government should
stop the monorail
project and focus on
rural development
PROFESSIONAL
CONTRACTORS
Only professional and
qualified contractors
should get the contract
Do not politicise
service delivery
Instil patriotism in
people and mind set
changes
FREE SERVICES
ENVIRONMENT
Clear up the oil spills
Less paper projects More implementation
& delivery
GAS TURBINES
Bring gas turbines to
help us with light
Government should
bring portable drinking
water to all the LGA
RURAL
DEVELOPMENT
Focus on rural
development for jobs
Despite improvements under Governor Amaechi there generally is a dissatisfaction on provision of
services and infrastructure in the rural areas. There is also palpable anger that despite the majority of
the nations wealth coming from their backyard, they have suffered the consequences of oil spills and
ignored with regards to economic development.
Following much media exposure both nationally and internationally, there has in fact been billions of
dollars raised and projects developed to address the shortfalls, particularly in the rural areas over the
last 20 years or so. This begs one key question.
What has happened to all the money?
To clean up oil spills, build roads, schools, health centres and basic infrastructure,
To provide quality services, sustainable livelihoods,
To input fail-safe accountability mechanisms and
To instil good governance?
To maintain the status quo in the development of Rivers States is unlikely to make any difference.
A radical change in approach is required to address the myriad of issues,
63
8.
Politics
In academia the measurement of political awareness has been highly disputed. Voter’s registration and
ballot turnouts are usually a safe measure to indicate a degree of political awareness. According to the
results of the survey a staggering 88% of respondents reported to have voted in the past election.
Furthermore, several commentators who did not go to the ballot report to have done this as they were
not around at election time, underage or health issues prevented them from going.
Yet, there were also many comments that raised concern in the survey. Most believe it is ‘selection’
rather than ‘election’, the ballots are rigged and elections are neither free nor fair. Frequent complaints
included intimidation from the police, vigilantes and political henchmen.
8.1
Roles and Responsibilities
The electorate is slightly confused about who is responsible for which service delivery.
Chart 52 Grassroots Perception on Responsibilities
The above chart reveals that respondents believe that most issues the State Government is responsible
for their environment and wellbeing. Where delivery fails and without accessibility to State Government
officials, the despondency will continue. Without a clear understanding of where to go to make a
complaint, who they can trust to make a complaint to and have confidence that their complaint would be
considered and responded to precludes accountability. Information needs to be made accessible to all.
64
8.2. Voting Trends
One of the added values of this baseline research is that it created a political awareness, a pause for
thought with regards to what is important when voting. More than half of the voting criteria relate to the
‘personality and character’ and a third take into account the ‘political programme’ and a ‘track record of
delivery’.
Chart 53 Criteria for Voting
Criteria for Voting
10%
24%
Personality & Character
8%
Polticial Programme
58%
Future Performance and
Delivery
Political Affiliation
Personality and Character
A staggering 522 answers out of 1023 revealed that the voters consider personality and character of the
candidate very important. The ten most named character traits of a successful candidate are:
Transparent, honest, truthful & sincere (105)
God Fearing (67)
Credibility (63)
Good Leadership (30)
Integrity (27)
Trust (27)
Academic Qualification & Competence (18)
Humility and Humbleness (16)
Responsibility (14)
Selflessness (12)
Other traits mentioned include: Ethnicity, compassion, pragmatism, youthful, capable, caring, reliable,
reputation, the ability to bring change and peace, experience, charisma, generous liberal.
Political Programme
243 answers related to the nature of the political programme of the candidate. By far the most important
aspect of the programme is that it has to:
put its focus on the people (60)
should be based on knowledge about the
people (14),
protect the interests of women and
the candidate should be able to identify
with community people and rural people.
The programme should clearly outline a vision
(that symbolizes hope and change for the people.
26),
The candidate’s programme must include
development and the ability to provide social
amenities and job creation (22).
65
Performance
16% of the answers related to the future or past performance of the candidate. A good track record and
reputation instils trust in the candidate. “I want to know the candidate” was also a frequent answer. The
most important aspects and benchmarks for future performance as mentioned by the respondents are:
Good Governance
Effective Management
Intentions and Progress
Political Affiliation
8% said they would vote according to political affiliation. Generally this meant either PDP or AP. One is
quoted in saying that he would not vote for a man who changed political affiliations. Those in Khana
said they would vote for an Ogoni.
What would be the first thing you do as a Governor?
Arguably one of the first things Barack Obama did in his first 100 Hours of becoming president of the
United States in 2009 was telling his staff that "transparency and the rule of law will be the touchstones
of this presidency" 15 In this spirit the respondents on grassroots level have been asked a similar
question: “What would be the first thing you do as a Governor”. This reveals the top priorities of
community members in Rivers State.
The most common answers are presented below.
Chart 54 The first thing you would do as a governor?
The First Thing I Would Do As Governor
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
15
Burkenman, Oliver, The Guardian January 2009, http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/jan/24/barackobama-inauguration
66
9.
Prince Tonye Princewill For Governor
9.1
Awareness of Prince Tonye Princewill
During the Baseline Survey, specific questions were asked relating to Prince Tonye Princewill’s
candidacy for Governor. The initial question related to whether they had heard of him and if so, what did
they know? 59% of all respondents (Grassroots 54% and LGA and CSS 78%) were aware that he is a
businessman and an ambitious politician from Kalabari who aspires to be governor. He is known as a
philanthropist, “A man with a golden heart”. One respondent remembers that he aided people in the Tai
LGA with skills acquisition, several report that he provided relief materials during the floods and
scholarships to promising students. Most know him from appearances on TV and from billboards.
Members of the field research team made the observation that generally ‘the impact of the principal’s
philanthropic acts are not known or felt by as many as it should.”
Chart 55 Have you heard of PTP?
Have you Heard of
Prince Tonye Princewill?
7%
Yes
34%
59%
No
No Data
9.2
Alternative Candidates
If on the day of the survey there would have been an election, our preliminary opinion poll including 150
survey respondents who felt comfortable revealing their political priority has revealed the following
results: Tonye Princewill has a marginal lead of 52 votes before Magnus Abbe with 41 and Dakuku
Petersaid with 32. This trend is affirmed by the results of follow up questions about the popularity of TP
and the likelihood of people voting for him.
Top Candidates
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Tonye Princewill
Magnus Abbe
Dakuku Petersaid
Omenia Celestine
Nyesom Wike
Rev. T.D. Amechere
67
9.3
Messages to Prince Tonye Princewill
During the course of the survey, and opportunity was provided to let respondents provide their own
personal message. Out of the grassroots respondents 664 left personal messages. Here is a selection:
Location
Abua
Ahoada
East
Ahoada
East
Ahoada
East
Akuku-Toru
Personal Message to PTP
Try and empower more youths,
because they are the back bone
of any society
Am ready to work for you to
achieve your course
Go beyond party politics, be a
bridge builder.
He should put pressure on the
govt. to complete all abandoned
projects and he should empower
youth
Involve the entire Kalabari people
along in his activities, not just
Buguma
Location
Personal Message to PTP
Obio Akpor
A skills acquisition programme should
be provided in Rumuokoro
Obio/Akpo
Create employment for graduates
Obio/Akpo
He should continue with the good
works he is doing even if he is in
power so as to maintain a good
reputation
Obio/Akpor
Be transparent and accountable to the
people you govern come 2015
Obio/Akpor
Please help to develop the rural areas
come 2015
He should be different from other
politicians who make promises before
elections and fail to fulfil
Andoni
Continue in your good works and
do not allow corrupt politicians to
influence you
Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni
Andoni
When you become governor,
please endeavour to use the
State's resources to develop the
State
Remember the elderly. our community
is flood ravaged. Please send relief
Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni
materials. Go around the community
yourself when its campaign time
Asalga
As a true born Kalabari Prince he
should try and bring some of
Development to the place that will
make him more popular
Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni
Thank him for the good works he did
for the people during the flood
incidence
Bonny
He should bring new inventions
into politics in Nigeria
Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni
Thank you for the gifts and relief
materials brought to the camp during
the flood incident
Bonny
He should help make peace and
create employment for the youth
Ogubolo
On the second of the masters
foundation of Bolo we are ready to
vote for you come 2015
Bonny
He should provide free education
for the less privileged
Ogubolo
Sir let the youths of Bolo community
be recognised in Rivers State in your
2015 agenda
Okirika
Change is the only thing that is
constant . We need to change our
mind set from bloody politics to the
digital politics and I think with TP we
can achieve
Bonny
He should realise that people
have lost faith in Nigerian politics.
68
Location
Personal Message to PTP
Location
Personal Message to PTP
Delga
He and other Kalabari politicians
should join heads together(holding
meeting) to burry the hatred going on
in the Kalabari political system
Omumma
When he becomes governor, he should
look into the state of our social amenities
in this LGA, and also make provision for
employment
Delga
People of Kalabali have not real felt
his impact
Omumma
I am convinced that he will do well in
public office. In fact, let him go ahead
Eleme
Disguise yourself, go into the
communities and feel what the
people are passing through in order
to know what exactly to do
Onolga
If you are interested to come to sit 2015
you should hear the yearning and
aspirations of the people
Eleme
He should be transparent and
accountable
Opobo Nkoro
Ensure that you deliver your campaign
promises when you eventually get there
Eleme
I need employment for my children.
Come 2015 I will vote you. I am a
widow
Opobo Nkoro
Keep your campaign promises when you
get elected
Emohua
Come for governor in 2015, based
on the way we have been hearing
about your assistance to the youths.
We will go any lenghts to support
you
Opobo Nkoro
Politicians should stop spending much
on political campaigns so that they will
not be tempted to recover their money
during their tenure in office
Emohua
Empower our people educationally
(scholarship, vocational training etc.).
Set up a foundation in Ndele
Opobo Nkoro
Sincerely fight corruption in the State
and stop suppressing the weak
Emohua
He should clarify his image because
some people still see him as working
for other politician and will betray
them when they need him most
Oyigbo
Know the exact needs of the people,
attend to the discovered needs and with
the people's minds. Be mindful of
sycophants
Emohua
Provide food and jobs. Do not
discriminate. I want to be your
contact person. Ndele Anglican
church has over 500 widows
PHC
Continue the burning passion he has for
the betterment of the ordinary man, I
acknowledge and appreciate what he
has been doing
Etche
Etche
Contact persons or offices should be
established in each L.G in order to
help the people directly
He should be a man of integrity and
a man of his words
PHC
PHC
He should focus and be interested in the
Ogoni issue and he should be
transparent
He should improve on his personal
profile
Etche
He should continue like Okorocha of
Imo State, and one day, his own turn
will come, but certainly not 2015
PHC
He should try and unite the Kalabari and
try as much as he can to remove that
political sentiment between them
Gokana
Ensure peace and unit, rule well and
enhance education
PHC
I think he is the right man Rivers people
need for that much awaited change in
the system.
69
Location
Personal Message to PTP
Gokana
Make a change in the system
Gokana
Politics is no a do or die affair. There
should be fair play
Gokana
Gokana
Ikwere
Ikwere
Khana
Obalga
Remember the electorates when
election is over
To enhance Education, health,
peace etc. in the state especially the
grassroots.
He should come to the aid of the
widows in IPO community. He
should also provide free education
He should learn to love Rivers
people, then he can serve sincerely.
Discretion- knowing what is good
with minor consultation. Loyalty- this
simply means accountability.
Wisdom
As a man of integrity, remain
steadfast when you succeed and be
mindful of political sycophants in the
system
Location
Personal Message to PTP
PHC
If he eventually becomes governor of
the state, he should take the security
matter very serious and build
infrastructure
PHC
If you happen to be the governor
tomorrow, set up a committee to monitor
the areas that are going bad, ie roads,
light, health, water etc
PHC
Learn from the mistakes of the past
PHC
Make sure you review civil servants
salaries
PHC
We need change in the system. He
should concentrate on youth
empowerment
PHC
When you become Governor, don’t get
carried away with the office, but
concentrate on the job, and severe
relationship with unscrupulous
politicians
PHC
All positions of leadership come from
God. Do your best and hope on God
PHC
All we need is change
Tai
I am chief Hycent Nata the Deputy
Paramount chief of Botem community
your cordial friend is greeting you with
your family and am expecting you to
contest in 2015 that myself and my
people are strongly behind you. God
bless you
Obalga
He should be focussed and strict
Obalga
He should identify with the citizens
and not with the God farther
politicians
Ahoada East
Continue the good job, keep your
interests permanent, we pray for you
recognize the youths of Ndoni
Obio Akpor
He is a visionary leader, I believe he
will be a good governor. Let him also
have the fear of God
Walga
He should count on my vote if he will
continue helping the people
Obio Akpor
As a fresh man in the system, he
should not tow the part of the
previous governor
PHC
He should build shops or markets for
some petty traders. He should also
organise a skills acquisition programme
70
Not all the messages provided positive suggestions, thanks or support. There were some who felt the
need to warn the Prince of the system.
Location
Akuku-Toru
Andoni
9.4
Personal Message to PTP
Be very careful because the political
terrain in Nigeria is dangerous
All my people will vote for Dakuku
Peterside
Location
Personal Message to PTP
Etche
He should remain in the PDP
Oyigbo
He should be mindful of sycophants
Eleme
He should be careful of traitors
Omumma
We have heard about others talking like
this before
Eleme
He should live up to his words and
invest more on resource bearing
communities. He should also
checkmate the excesses of the
Royalties
PHC
He betrayed his supporters last time.
How am I sure he is not going to do
same this time
Obio Akpor
I like him as a person. He is a
democrat but as a member of PDP? I
will not vote him under PDP, they will
corrupt him
PHC
He should focus more on his business
and leave the political scenario because
he is too soft and will be influenced by
politicians who have bad intentions.
Current Voting Intentions
Despite the fact that only 58% of respondents had heard about PTP from the onset of the survey, 60%
would give him their vote if it were to be election day.
Some people said, that they have not decided yet who to vote for and would need more information and
time to familiarize themselves with TP and his programme. Others made their vote conditional to the
attributes already mentioned above such as integrity and past performances.
Chart 56: Would you vote for PTP?
Would you Vote for
Prince Tonye Princewill?
26%
Yes
14%
60%
No
No Data
71
10
The Way forward
10.1 The Survey
This survey is the first of its kind to capture on-the-ground thoughts of the electorate and their hopes
and aspirations on how the State Government can meet their needs more effectively. In Appendix 2
there is a list of suggestions on not only management of the Master Matrices from the Grassroots, LGAs
and Civil Society organisations but also how to use the data according to needs and a Meeting Note
Template where follow ups are made.
10.2 Maintaining the Dialogue
Having made the effort to go into the communities, dialogue must be maintained, starting with a big
‘Thank You’ for participating in the survey sent by text or e-mail and signed by PTP himself. As over
87% provided contact details, there will be wide coverage. Bearing in mind that some do not have
contact details, the additional wording ‘Thank you and all your friends and colleagues for participating in
the survey’, the message will likely be passed on to other participants.
As and when new initiatives, activities or interventions are in progress, texts and e-mails can be sent to
inform the participants and providing links and dates for further information.
The database contact list is a ‘work in progress’ and can be integrated into current databases. This
database should also be updated with new names and new contact details after every re-visit to the
LGAs. Effective management of the data is important and the excel Contact List potential should be
converted into ‘Access’ so filters can be input for the right messages to go to the right people.
The report provides an ‘overview of issues’ and respondents perceptions, however the ‘Comments’
within the databases on specific issues provide the ‘meat to the bones’. Prior to visiting any LGA, it is
not only important to read the relevant section from the main report, but also refer to the Master Matrix
on the specific comments. These may reveal specific names and places, which would be important to
refer to and add credence to the fact that the survey was read and is being taken seriously. Helpful hints
on managing and using the data from the matrices is provided in Annex 2.
There are columns in the Contact database to indicate where the person works and what they
specifically do if they are members of a CSO Group or a civil servant working in an LGA. These
important people are known as ‘key informant multipliers’ and messages sent to them will be spread
wider than the database itself.
With the provision that there is a team to manage a ‘Suggestion Line’, links can be provided and
automatic ‘Thank for your suggestion and comments’ sent out, read, filtered and where appropriate,
followed up by action. Where possible, a personal response from the PTP team can assure that their
comments have been listened to. On really important issues, the responses can be made by PTP
himself.
This sets the ‘level of awareness and confidence’ in the next potential Governor in a primary position as
the ‘Listening Governor’.
72
10.3 The Action Governor
‘Listening,’ unfortunately is not enough and people’s expectations of ‘action’ will be set high within the
first week of office. Solutions to the issues highlighted by respondents need to be already planned and
ready to be actioned within the first year of the election, especially as some will take time to set up all
the elements to ensure its success. Bold ‘sound bite’ pronouncements made to the electorate no longer
have any meaning. They have heard all these promises all before. As part of the ‘programmes for
change’, everything needs to be in place for implementation, prior to any announcements.
10.4 Job Creation
Whereas one of the key messages to the electorate is job creation for example, to announce too early
the intention to ‘create jobs’ sounds good but would be folly. There needs to be substance on how this
can be actually achieved.
How does one create jobs in a vacuum and against all the impediments listed? Current companies only
look to employ local people on a short-term casual basis and the vast majority of these are for menial
labour. The unemployed in the current system are faced with ‘job racketeering’, ‘nepotism’ and other
‘corruptive rent-seeking impediments’.
Furthermore, to promise ‘job creation’ in the private sector is impeded by:
the dearth of infrastructure in both rural and urban areas, precluding credible companies to
invest and create sustainable jobs;
the dearth of skills and experience, despite the numerous unemployed, companies wishing to
expand look outside the State;
incentives to commit to internships, although positive, does not create sustainable jobs.
Jobs creation in the civil service would be folly without a complete revamp of the current system to
ensure mind-set changes of employed civil servants to address their poor work ethic, instil commitment
to undertake their duties with diligence and initiate a manageable ‘carrot and stick’ system.
Public service professionals also have a reputation of a poor work ethic and this has led to a less than
quality of service, especially in the health and education sectors. Whereas environmental and waste
management were not specifically asked in the survey, concerns of oil spills was rated as a key concern
of respondents. Training in all of these areas needs to be addressed before spending more money on
ineffective, less than diligent workers.
The most obvious sectors to encourage in ‘Job Creation’ are in construction, (building access and public
infrastructure), which has the opportunity to employ mass numbers of varying educational backgrounds.
Secondly, the development of ‘Professional Centres Of Excellence’ which can supplement the training
of health workers, teachers and environmental and waste management professionals, can raise
professional standards and provide quality of services post academic training.
‘Job’ creation alone will not employ the hundreds of thousands currently under and unemployed. There
needs to be in place a two-pronged approach, developing both jobs and sustainable livelihoods
(Entrepreneurship Support or SME development) and associated markets.
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10.5 Reaching Out
The two-pronged approach cannot be achieved alone and now is the time to develop relationships to
ascertain who is willing and able to participate in actual solutions and detail plans for execution when
the time comes.
There are credible private companies, contractors, NGOs and colleges that can be mobilised to support
the new system collectively. Following a stakeholder mapping of key players within these industries,
contact needs to be made to inform the PTP team of their current capacity and constraints and
importantly, willingness to participate in a ‘Programmes for Change’.
For those stakeholders that fit the criteria required to participate in changing current flawed systems, it is
further suggested that ‘round table discussions’ are held to develop specific solutions and ultimately to
gain commitments on roles and responsibilities for implementing that change.
They can address initiatives to:
Change contract bidding systems
Develop workable monitoring mechanisms
Initiate agreed ‘carrot and stick’ incentives
Stop job racketeering
Developing more industry-based training centres
Commit to scholarships and internships
Create database tracking systems of interns and trainees
Provide attainment certificates
Develop MOUs for participants
Many of the potential actors for ‘programmes for change’ will require legal or auditing professionals, who
should join the working groups as advisors.
Interestingly, and just as the LGA Survey has borne out, the process itself will raise further awareness
of Prince Tonye Princewill’s commitment for change and improvement, which in turn will create voters.
Of course, there are some that will believe that the current systems are too personally beneficial to
participate, but it is believed that a positive response will outweigh the negative elements. Even those
who are reluctant, cannot resist backing a ‘winner’ and in a ‘free and fair’ election votes are what counts!
10.6 Reaching Further
Concurrently, a full mapping of CSOs / Elders can be developed and contacted at the appropriate time
to join ’working groups’ to help develop the specifics of each plan and fulfils respondents demand for
‘consultation’’ and the independent creation of LGA unemployed databases to capture all those would
could benefit from programmes for change.
10.7 Recommendations
Undertaking the stakeholder mapping of the agents of change, audits and facilitating the meetings will
all take time and effort to plan for sustainable solutions and need to be commenced in 2013, well ahead
of the 2015 elections so Prince Tonye Princewill will remain as good as his word post elections.
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APPENDICES
Appendix 1 Survey Instruments
APPENDIX 1
Civil Society Survey
3: Civil Society Survey
CODE
TPCSS 1
LGA
LOCATION
First Name
ORGANIZATION
TITLE
Surname
Age
KEY
PROGRAMS
TEL
E-MAIL
REF
Gender
PUBLIC POLICY
COND: 1: Excellent, 2:Good, 3:Fair 4) Poor, 5:None)
Area
COND
PRI
RESP: 1: State Gov., 2:LGA, 3: Ward, 4: Oil Co., 5: Self
Comments for Improvement
RSP
Peace & Security
Improved Public Services
(Education & Health)
Improved Infrastructure
(Specify which?)
Access to Jobs
Vocational Training &
Access to credit
State Government
Accountability
Fight Corruption
Youth & Gender
Other (specify)
Do you think your Govt. is doing a good job?
Did you vote in the last election (Y/N)?
Would you consider current policy sufficient
to serve vulnerable & the Poor?
What government project affects you
positively & how
What do you consider in your vote for a candidate?
Have you heard of PT? (Y/N)
If PT stood for election in 2015, would you vote for him?
Your Personal Message to PT
Date
Interviewer:
TP 2012
75
APPENDIX 1
LGA Survey
TP LG SURVEY GENERAL
TP LGS 1
AREA
DEPARTMENT
E-MAIL
LOCAL GOVERNMENT SURVEY GENERAL
RESPONDENT POSITION
REMIT
TEL
M/F
REF
AGE
PUBLIC POLICY
Condition
(1: Excellent, 2:Good, 3:Fair 4) Poor, 5:None) Priority:
Area
ConditionPriority
1:High 2: Medium 3: Low
Comments for Improvement
1 Peace & Security
2 Education
3 Health
4 Infrastructure
5 Corruption
6
State Government
Accountability
7 Service Delivery
8 Youth & Gender
9 Jobs & Livelihoods
10 Other (specify)
QUESTIONS
COMMENT
11 Which recent policies do you consider successful?
12
What government policies do you think need
adjustment
13
What do you think should be the focus of
leadership in policy making
Do you think your Govt. is doing a good job? (Y/N)
14
Did you vote last election? (Y/N)
If you were State Governor tomorrow, what would be the first thing you would do in office?
Have you heard of PT? (Y/N)
If PT stood for election in 2015, would you vote for him? (Y/N)
Your Personal Message to PT
15
Date
Interviewer
TP Nov 2012
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APPENDIX 1
Grassroots Survey 1
1: GRASSROOTS SURVEY
CODE
TPGRS 1
LGA
LOCATION
RES REF NO
RESPONDENTS TEL NO
GENERAL
1st Name
E-ML
Surname
M/F
Chairman
AGE
Livelihood
Education
1: PRY 2: SEC 3: TTR 4: NONE
Are you a member of any
CBO?
LVLH:Farm, Fish, Trade, Public Service, Other- Specifiy
CBO Name, Number of Participants
PUBLIC FACILITIES
CONDITIONS
A Services
COMMENTS
1:Excellent 2:Good 3:Fair 4:Poor 5:None
RESPONSIBILITY
RSP1: State Gov., 2:LGA 3:Ward 4:Oil Co. 5: Self
1 ROAD
2 WATER
3 LIGHT
4 EDUCT
5 HEALTH
6
PEACE &
SECURITY
7 OIL SPILLS
8
LOCAL
CONTENT
9
SOCIAL
JUSTICE
10
11
12
Do you think your Govt. is doing a good job? (Y/N)
A13: Are you registered to vote (Y/N)
If not , Why not?
If not, why?
Criteria for voting a State Governor?
A14: Did you vote in the last
election? (Y/N)
If not, why?
Any idea of a candidate for 2015?
INTERVIEWER
Date:
PTP 2012
77
APPENDIX 1
Grassroots Survey 2
PRIORITIES IN THE STATE
CODE
STATE
LGA
LOCATION
RESPONDENT
TPGRS 2
RESPONSIBILITY: 1: State Gov., 2:LGA, 3: Ward, 4: Oil Co., 5: Self
B
PRIORITY RATING
NO.
RESP
SUGGESTED IMPROVEMENT FOR CURRENT STATUS
1 Peace & Security
2
Improved Public Services
(Education & Health)
3
Improved Infrastructure (Specify
which?)
4 Access to Jobs
5
Vocational Training & Access to
credit
6 State Government Accountability
7 Fight Corruption
8
Other (specify)
What is the Responsibility of the State Governor
9
If you were State Governor tomorrow, what would be the first thing you would do in office?
VOTING
Y?N
COMMENTS
Have you heard of PT? (Y/N)
What have you heard?
If PTP stood for election in 2015, would you vote for him?
Your Personal Message to PTP
10
Date
Interviewer
PTP 2012
78
Appendix 2: Using the Data for Further Enquiries
General Advice
The data provided on the excel sheets are part of the ‘Master Matrix’ and it should be kept in tact at all times:
Save the 4 sheets of original excel data in a folder called The Master Matrix
Make copies of the data and re-name according to the enquiry each and every time you want to break
the data down for your own a specific issue or particular community.
Suggestions for Future Data Use:
The Contact List
The Contact list has been sorted according to those that have E-mail addresses, mobile telephones and no
contact address. A further sort has been undertaken relating to the LGA which respondents have come from.
There are 1026 people who have contact details and only 158 that have no contact details other than their
village. It is suggested that
An e-mail is sent to all respondents to thank them for participation, signed by Prince Tonye Princewill
personally. The ‘Thank You’ should contain links to the web pages, films, blogs, tweets, twitters and
upcoming events. The system should be in place to automatically send out e-mails on updates.
However, there should be a facility to stop these e-mails if the person does not want to keep receiving
information.
For those with only mobile phones, a text should be sent to all respondents to thank them for
participation, signed by Prince Tonye Princewill personally. Periodically texts should be sent to update
the respondent on up-coming events, initiatives and available films.
Data Management and Updates
Whereas the data collected in the Report succinctly captures the overview of an issue or status of a
community / LGA, the various matrices provide information on some of the specifics, especially under the
comments section.
When discussing these, or planning to visit the community it is worthwhile to:
Pre-view the individual comments on the item / place of interest, potentially copying and pasting the
entire document and renaming it, (including the date in the title) and deleting all the unnecessary
data, so as to focus on the topic specifically.
Following a visit to the community / LGA, it is advised that the newly created database is updated with new
information gathered This way the very latest information is always available.
Update the data in the newly created database
Rename it including the date.
Following any intervention on a specific issue a new sheet in the database should be created stating what,
where, who was involved and the specifics of the intervention and the outcomes.
Meeting Notes
For every follow up meeting with the respondents there should be a full meeting note capturing the essence of
the meeting, key messages, responses, questions, feedback, follow up actions and attendance. See Below
79
MEETING NOTE TEMPLATE
DATE:
LOCATION:
PURPOSE:
PARTICIPANTS:
Report by:
__________________________________________________________________________________
Background
Key Message Presentation / Presenter
Bullet points
Question & Answers
Q1
A1
Comments and Issues Arising
Bullet Points of main issues
Outcome and Closing remarks
Bullet Points promises and commitments
Follow Up Actions and Timelines
Bullet Points of follow ups and further information required
Roles and Responsibilities of those Follow Up Actions
Bullet Points of Names and Actions
Date of Next Meeting
Attendance Sheet
Heading: Date of Meeting, Location of Meeting, Main Issue
First Name - Last Name - Designation - Signature / Thumb Print
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Appendix 3 The Grand Matrix of Grassroots Results
See Attached
Appendix 4 Grand Matrix of LGA Results
See Attached
Appendix 5: Grand Matrix of CSO LGA Results
See Attached
Appendix 6 Full List of Respondents and Contact details
See Attached
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