Quick Harvard Referencing Guide
QUICK HARVARD REFERENCING GUIDE
This guide provides practical examples to help you create references for information sources using the APU
Harvard referencing style.
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In-text Referencing: involves citing references within the text of your work where you have used ideas or material
from other sources.
End-text referencing (also known as your Reference List): includes all materials used in your document. It
provides the full information of reference sources necessary for a reader to locate and retrieve them.
IMPORTANT NOTE: When writing your reference list, do not present them in different section based on the types
of information sources. All sources of information must be presenting in a single list in ascending alphabetical
order.
Resources
In-Text Referencing
One possible definition of primary research
is….(Mehra, 2009) or
Book: Single Author
Book: Two or three
authors
Book: Four or more
authors
Book: Multiple works
by an author in the
same year
Book: Editor(s)
Journal Article
APU Library
Mehra (2009) stated that primary research
includes the elements of ….
Two authors: Richardson and Gosnay (2011)
argued…
or
Effective marketing covers the dimensions of
.... (Richardson and Gosnay, 2011)
Three authors: Ramaswami, Sivarajan and
Sasaki (2010) discovered....
or
As discovered by Ramaswami, Sivarajan and
Sasaki, (2010) ….
It is noted (Eide et.al 2006) that.... or
Eide et.al (2006) suggests that…
Note: “et.al” needs to be written in italics.
As Deitel outlines (Deitel 20011a, 2011b)
or
Deitel (2011a) outlines....
Deitel (2011b) added that.…
To establish a successful and sustainable
business, an organization needs to have ...
(ed. Brown, 2003)
With today’s networked technology, health
information can be easily accessible via the
use of ... (eds. Smith and John, 2006)
McGill and Dixon (2005) asserted that …
End-Text Referencing (Reference List)
Mehra, A. (2009) Advertising management: media
approach for market research. New Delhi: Global India
Publications.
Two authors: Richardson, N., and Gosnay, R. (2011)
Develop your marketing skills. London: Kogan Page.
Three authors: Ramaswami, R., Kumar N.S., and Galen
H.S., (2010), Optical networks: a practical perspective,
rd
3 edn. Amsterdam: Morgan Kaufmann.
Eide, A.R., Jenison, R.D., Northup, L. L. and Mikelson, S.
K. (2008) Engineering fundamentals and problem
solving. Boston, M. A.: McGraw Hill.
Deitel, P. J. and Deitel, H. (2011a) Visual Basic 2010:
how to program. Boston: Pearson.
Deitel, P. J. and Deitel, H. (2011b) C# 2010 for
th
programmers. 4 edn. Upper Saddle River, N. J.:
Prentice Hall.
Brown, G. B. (ed.) (2003). Winning strategies. London:
Palgrave Macmillan.
Smith, M. and John, B. (eds) (2006). One hundred and
one ways to find information about health. London:
Routledge.
McGill, T. and Dixon, M. (2005) ‘Information technology
certification: a student perspective’, International Journal
of Information and Communication Technology
Education, 1(1) pp. 19-30.
Revised: 1 May 2014
Quick Harvard Referencing Guide
Newspaper Article
(online and offline)
E-Books
Magazine (with no
author)
Magazine (online)
Magazine (online with
no author indicated)
E-Journal
The effectiveness of vocational study has
contributed to ... (Ng, 2011).
or
Ng’s (2011) article reports that…
Ueno (2012) claims that the future ecommerce market will be dominated by mobile
and social network shopping.
Schenk and Long (2012) identified six element
of....
As reflected in the challenges faced by
Foxconn (The Economist, 2011), several
issues of....
Sharma (2012) proposed that....
The Economist (2011), ‘Foxconn: Robots Don’t
Complain’, 6 August, pp. 24-25, 27.
Note: Notice the name of the publication is used as the
reference name when no name of the author can be
found. The name of the publication needs to be
presented in italicised format.
Sharma, M. (2012), ‘Starbucks may find small coffee
more profitable: corporate India, BusinessWeek, 19
October. Available at:
http://www.businessweek.com/news/2012-1018/starbucks-may-find-small-coffee-more-profitablecorporate-india (Accessed: 20 June 2013).
Othman (2009) asserted....
Othman, A. A. E. (2009) ‘Corporate social responsibility
of architectural design firms towards a sustainable built
environment in South Africa’, Architectural Engineering
and Design Management, 5(1) p. 36-45. Available at:
http://ezproxy.staffs.ac.uk/login?url=http://search.proques
t.com/docview/213966096?accountid=17254 (Accessed:
8 July 2012).
Muhammad Alhadi (2012), the CEO of
Dynamik Enterprise commented that the idea
has potential if it can....
Chelsea (2004, cited in Malcolm and O’Malley,
2010, p. 23) argued that.....
APU Library
Schenk, S. and Long, B. (2012) The digital filmmaking
th
handbook. 4 edn. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.
Available at:
http://proquestcombo.safaribooksonline.com/book//9781435459113/copyright/copyrightpg#X2ludGVybmFs
X0ZsYXNoUmVhZGVyP3htbGlkPTk3ODE0MzU0NTkxM
TMvaXY (Accessed: 8 July 2012).
The Economist, (2006), ‘The business of giving’, 23
February. Available at:
http://www.economist.com/node/5517605 (Accessed: 14
February 2010).
Jeannette Lee (2013), the partner and COO of
Paradise Cakes and Confectioneries, said that
the market is....
Secondary
Referencing
Ueno, M. (2012) ‘Future in online buying’, The Star, 26
July. Available at:
http://www.thestar.com.my/story.aspx?sec=b&file=%2F2
012%2F7%2F26%2Fbusiness%2F11695234 (Accessed:
12 January 2013).
The modern consumers have been demanding
that companies.... (The Economist, 2006)
In a personal interview, Brown (2013)
stated.....
Personal Interview
(may be required for
Final Year Project)
Ng, E. (2011) ‘Vocational study boost: curriculum to
provide skilled workforce’, The Star. 10 September, p. 8.
It is argued that free trade agreement as being
pushed by the developed countries can
be……. (Chelsea, 2004 cited in Malcolm and
O’Malley, 2010)…
Brown, J. (2013), Senior Lecturer, Faculty of Business
and Management, School of Business, Asia Pacific
University of Technology and Innovation, Malaysia, 12
January.
Alhadi, M (2012), CEO, Dynamik Enterpise, Kuala
Lumpur, 13 March.
Lee, J. (2013), partner and COO, Paradise Cakes and
Confectioneries, Penang, 6 June.
In this example, you have read a book written by
Malcolm and O‘Malley and in the book they refer to
Chelsea’s argument. When you use Chelsea’s idea in
your assignment, it is a secondary source of information.
Your in-text reference will only give a short reference to
Chelsea, and your reference list at the end of your
assignment gives the details of the source that you
actually have read for the assignment.
Malcolm, T. and O’Malley, J. (2010), The globalization
myth. Boston, MA: Norton and Company.
Revised: 1 May 2014
Quick Harvard Referencing Guide
SOURCES OF INFORMATION TO AVOID WHEN MAKING REFERENCES
Avoid the following sources for references purpose in your assignment, Final Year Project and dissertation.
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Wikipedia
Investopedia
Wisegeek
123helpme
Studymode.com (or or any equivalent websites offering
essay and assignment writing services)
Ezine Articles
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About.com
Ask.com
Scribd.com (go directly to the source)
Slideshare.com (or any other slide materials)
QuickMBA.com
NetMBA.com
Tutor2u.net
PLEASE ASK YOUR RESPECTIVE LECTURERS TO KNOW WHAT SOURCES OF INFORMATION TO REFER TO.
APU Library
Revised: 1 May 2014